NHU CAu C O A NGU'O'I KHUYET TAT VA HOAT DONG H 6 JRO QUA CAC T 6 CHU'C XA HOI DANH CHO NGU-AI KHUYET TAT TAI TPHCM HIEN NAY NGUYEN THj B A O HA Dira trin kit qui nghien cO'U nam 2014
Trang 1NHU CAu C O A NGU'O'I KHUYET TAT VA HOAT DONG
H 6 JRO QUA CAC T 6 CHU'C XA HOI DANH CHO
NGU-AI KHUYET TAT TAI TPHCM HIEN NAY
NGUYEN THj B A O HA
Dira trin kit qui nghien cO'U nam 2014 tai TPHCM vi thuc trang boat ddng cOa eie to chOv xi hgi trong viec hd trg nhdm ngudi khuyit tit tai TPHCM, bit viit niu ra nhOng nhu eiu cOa ngudi khuyit tat vi nhung higu qui cung nhu ban chi cua eie chuong trinh hd trg ngudi khuyit tit cua cac td chirc xa hdi tip trung vio cic vin di; giio due, viic lim, tinh thin, luit phip, xahgi
Thee thing ke 6 thang d i u nam 2014
eda S d Lao dpng-Thygng binh va Xa
hdi TPHCM, tren toan dja ban TPHCM
hISn cd 26.898 ngydi khuylt tat
Trong dd nhdng quan, huyen cd s l
ngydi khuylt tat cao han ca la: Quan
8 (2.483 ngydi); huySn Binh Chanh
(1.943 ngydi); quan Gd V i p (1.933
ngydi); quan Binh Thgnh (1.739
ngydi); huyen Hdc Mon (1.695
ngydi); quan Thd Dde (1.421 ngydi);
quan Phd Nhuan (1.307 ngydi); huyen
Cd Chi (1.258 ngydi); quan 6 (1.166
ngydi); quan 3 (1.150 ngydi); qugn
Binh Tan (1.102 ngydi); qugn 10
(1.084 ngydi); quan 4 (1.000 ngydi)
Ngydi khuyet tat dygc chia theo tdng
dang khuyet tat, nhy van dpng, nghe
ndi, nhin, t h i n kinh/tam t h i n , tri tuS va
thee mde dp khuyet tat, nhy dac biet
nang, nang, nhe va kheng xac djnh
dyge
Nguygn Thi Bao Ha Thgc sT Trung tam Tu"
vin va Phat trien Vien Khoa hpc Xa hgi
Trong s l ngydi khuylt tat cua Thanh pho thi khuylt tat v l van dpng (9.832 ngydi) va t h i n kinh/tam t h i n (10.240 ngydi) chilm ty lp cae han so vdi cae dgng khuyet tat khae va s l ngydi khuylt tat ed td hai dgng khuylt tat trd len eung kha cae (5.992 ngydi) Xet v l mdc dp khuylt tat thi khuyet tat nang (20.338 ngydi) cd ty IS cao han nhyng mde do khuylt tat khae (Sd Lao dpng-Thygng binh va Xa hpi TPHCM, 2014)
Nhdng s l lieu thing kS trSn cho thiy
s l lygng ngydi khuylt tat tai Thanh
p h i kha Idn, dat ra thach thdc lam each nao gidp nhyng ngygi khuylt tgt nay hda nhap vap cpng ding, vap xa hdi
Nhilu bao cao cho thiy, cae t l chde hogt dpng xg hdi chinh la nhdng trg thd dac lye, ho trg va bao ve quyin lgi eho nhdm ngydi d l bj ton thygng, gidp hp hda nhap cpng d i n g va tuySn truyen nham xda bo nhdng djnh kiln
va s y phan biSt d i i x d vdi nhdm
Trang 2Tuy nhien cde t l ehdc xa hpi eda Viet
Nam dang g trong giai dogn dau eda
sy phat triln, va cd nhdng hgn che
nhit djnh Do dd, qua trinh hoat dpng
eda cac t l chde cdn gap kha nhieu
khd khan, chya dap dng nhu d u eda
nhdm d l l tygng thu hydng
1 NHU CAU TRQ GlOP C O A N G U ' 6 ' 1
KHUYETTAT
Giio due: Trong 10 trydng hgp phdng
v i n ngydi khuylt tat/ngydi than eda
ngydi khuylt tat thi cd 5 trydng hgp
la phg huynh cua eae tre khuylt tat,
100% y kiln eda phg huynh tre khuylt
tat deu che ring giao dge ludn la v i n
de c i p baeh va quan trpng nhit d l l
vdi ngydi khuyet tat ndi ehung va tre
khuylt tat ndi riSng Hien nay Thanh
p h i chi cd trydng c i p 1 ehuyen biet
danh cho cae em khuylt tat, chya ed
trydng elp 2 va c i p 3 V i n d l thilu
eg sd giap due danh cho ngydi
khuylt tat v i n chya dygc giai quylt
Phin Idn tre em khuylt tat phai hpc
ehung vdi eae em binh thydng Mac
du nha trydng, cdc thiy cd giao va
bgn bd cdng da ed nhdng bien phap
gidp dd chp cac em khuyet tat trong
qua trinh hpc tap, nhyng van cdn
nhilu hgn c h l Phg huynh eda tre
khuylt tat lo ling khi cang hpc len ldp
eae thi edng khd tim trydng hpc thich
hgp che con em hp Hp ludn ban
khoan khdng bilt tre cd hda nhap
dyge vdi trydng Idp mdi, vdi cac bgn
hpe binh thydng khae hgy khdng "
vl du hl$n nay mdt sd chiu bdn
tnrdng Binh Thanh cOng hit cip 2 rii
chuyin qua bin niy, cd nhu'ng chiu
khdng thi hdi nhip dugc bdi vl chiu
nil khdng ra tiing, rdi nghe kem, cd nhOng chiu nhin nghe kim, noi khdng ra " (V.D.Q, nam, phu huynh tre
khilm thinh, quan 3) Nhy vay, mdt s l
em khi den d p 2 dl hpe chung vdi cac ban binh thydng khdng hda nhap dygc vdi mdi trydng mdi cac em c6
xu hydng chi thich chai vdi eac bgn cdng eanh nhy minh Mpt ngydi iam eong tae xa hdi eung cdng quan dilm
d l : "Hpc ehung vdi ngudi binh thudng
Oil ngudi ta hay chge phi hay di dau
de cd eie em, eie em hgc kem hon cic b?n chi eie ban in blip de biu Thiy ed cOng la cic em nhieu ndn cic
em nd mic cim, cuii cOng no nghi hgc Nd rit sg, cha me ed dua di eung trin khing chiu di, mi khi nd hda nhip ehung vdi eie ban dd nd eOng khdng cd tiin bd duoe" (P.C.P.T, nd,
c l v i n , quan 3)
Treng 10 ngydi khuylt tat/ngydi than dyge phpng v i n cd 5 trydng hgp la ngydi khuylt tat; trong 10 ngydi dygc phdng v i n id quan ly/nhin viSn cua eae t l chde xa h l i (hd trg ngydi khuylt tat) thi ed 4 trydng hgp ban than hp cDng la ngydi khuyet tat Tit
ea 9 doi tygng d hai nhdm tren diu ndi rang hp dang/da tdng gap kho khan trong viSc hpc tap 4/9 ngydi khong hpc den e l p 3
Mpt so gia dinh eho ring d i u ty viSe hpe che ngydi khuylt tat la khdng hiau qua, hoac doi khi gia dinh muln eho ngydi khuyet tat den trudng nhyng khdng cd phyang tiSn giao thdng, nha trifdng khdng gidp dd dygc Ngydi khuyet tat dyge di hpc
Trang 3thieu dyng cu hd trg ehe ngydi khuylt
tgt, thay cd khdng ed k i l n thdc va ky
nang lam viec vdi ngydi khuylt tat Vi
t h i hp thydng khdng h i trg hoac
khong tgo eg hdi d l ngydi khuylt tat
tham gia eae hogt dpng nhy nhdng
ngydi khae Ngay t d lue ban d i u
ngygi khuyet tgt da m i t di nhdng ea
hpi ma ngydi binh thydng khae xem
nhy la h i i n nhiSn vdi he Vdi nhdng
gidi han eda minh, dac biSt la d
ngydi khuyet tat ve tri tue hogc eg
quan thu nhan e l m giac (khiem thinh,
khiem thj), kha nang t i l p thu tri thde
la kha khd khan, ngydi khuylt tgt can
mpt hlnh thdc giio due die biit phu
hgp vdi aac d i l m khiem khuyet eda
minh D i l u ndy ddi hel s y dau t y ve
eg s g vat c h i t nhieu hgn se vdi giao
dye thdng thydng, de dd n l u khdng
cd s y ho trg t d phia chinh quyin,
nganh giao dgc va ban than gia dinh
thi viec dgy tri hpc tap tilp len eao
eua ngydi khuylt tat h l u nhy la b i t
kha thi
Ben cgnh viec hpc van hda thi van d l
aao tgo n g h i eung la mong muon eda
ngydi khuyet tat trygng thanh Mdc
ad t i l p nhan thdng tin, kiln thdc eua
ngydi khuylt tat edn hgn che Hp phai
m i t thdi gian hpc lau han se vdi
nhdng ngydi binh thudng tuy thee
mde dp khuyet tat eda ban than Giam
a l e m|t eg sd dap tgp nhan xdt:
"Thuin igi cOng cd mi khd khin
khdng phii li It, hg lim vide rat li khd
khin, do tinh trang khuyit tit, do han
che, do trinh dd van hda, hg mi biit
dge biit viit li may, Idp 4 Idp 5 nhung
thudng Cic b^n eim diic ndi Idp 4 Idp 5 giao tiip nhung mi eung khdng chiu ndi Nd ban chi rit nhieu mil, trong nhin thirc hay sinh hoat eung viy, d gia dinh eung ehua cd giio due, giao tiip rit ban chi ehc nin khdng
ed dugc tu tin trong giao tiip Trinh do thap inh hirdng din klning tiip nhin Ngudi binh thudng ei thd hgc hai thing nhung ngudi khuyit tit hai thing mi tiip nhin duge vin di rit li khd, ed nhOng em ea nim trdi chua di tdi dau hit " (V.K.H, nd, giam die,
qugn Binh Thgnh)
y k i l n eda met ban nd bj khuyet tat
tay: " IOc diu vo trudng em hgc vi
tinh, nhung mi khi ra di xin viic ngudi
ta ndi mdt tay lim miy cii dd nd khd, khdng dugc, em ehuyin sang hgc may, mdt hai thing, em vd ehi ngdi chai thdi a, tai miy bgn vd trong idp,
ed ehi kdu ngdi dd, cd chi vii dudng li hit." (N.T.T, nd, khuylt tat tay, quan
Binh Thanh)
Viic lim: Ngydi khuylt tat d i u muln
cd vipe iam: 'Em mudn tuang lai cd
edng viee vi cudc sdng dn (Tinh di cd luang thing Cdng vigc thoii mil vi sung sudng, hanh phOe Em cOng mudn lam giio viin hoac lanh dao cung dugc" (N.T.T.T, nd, diec cam,
qugn 4) Nhyng h l u h i t nhdng ngygi khuylt tat deu khd khan khi tim cong viec thich hgp, dd la d i l u ma ngydi khuyet tat ludn lo ling Mac du hien nay cac doanh nghiep cQng da md rdng eda d l ddn nhan nhdng ngydi khuylt tat vao lam viee, tuy nhien khdng phai ngydi khuylt tgt nao eung
Trang 4theo kjp tiln dp eong vlSe nhy ngydi
binh thydng khdc Cd r l t nhilu trydng
hgp ngygi khuylt tat vao iam viec ehi
vai thang thi nghi viSe do khdng theo
kjp cdng viee, hoac kho hda nhap khi
iam ehung vdi nhdng ngydi binh
thydng Mpt bgn nd liet hai ehan k l :
"LOc trudc em ed hoe nghi d Hde Mdn
lim hoa dit set, dd eung la cii trung
tam day nghi cho ngudi khuyit tit
Hoc thi cQng duge mien phi hit vi
dugc cip bang Hoc d dd xong thi ban
em ed keu di lim ehd kia mil thdi gian,
lim ehung vdi ngudi binh thudng ludn
Bd li mdt edng ty rieng Em thiy eOng
khdng thoii mii Sau do em nghi vi
qua day lim." (L.T.M.T, nd, bj khuylt
tat hai ehan, quan Binh Thanh) Theo
cd T - c l v i n ehe mSt t l ehdc xa hdi
ehe bilt hipn nay cd khoang 95%
ngydi diic cam khdng cd viec iam,
6% ngydi diic cam iam viSc chT dyge
2 thang trong nSm
Tinh thin: BSn canh nhdng nhu d u
v l hpe tap, viee iam thi nhu c i u v l
tinh t h i n eda ngydi khuylt tat eung
e i n dyge quan tam De mac cam nen
ngydi khuylt tat khSng thydng xuySn
tham gia eac sinh hoat cpng ding
Trpng khi dp hien nay cac chygng
trinh giai tri danh cho ngydi khuyet tgt
rat it Chi thinh thoang cd buli sinh
hogt t l ehdc vde eac djp l l Tit tgi
dja phyang, hay t l dan p h i nai ngydi
khuylt tat sinh sing O i l vdi cac tre
khuylt tat thi d i l u nay la mpt sy thiet
thdi ldn
Cham sdc sire khde: la vipe r i t quan
trpng d l l vdi ngydi bj khuylt tgt Ho
hydng d i n v l cde phyang phap vat ly trj liSu, kham sdc khce dinh k^ Cac
be gai khuyet tat, phu nd khuylt tat can dyge pho b i l n cac kiln thdc v l
an toan sde khoe sinh san, bae lye gia dinh, Mpt bgn gai cam dile bde
Id: "mudn tim hiiu vi cae binh tinh
due, binh la nghia la vd sinh mudn biit di trinh thdi' (N.T.T.T, nd, bj cgm
dllc, quan 4)
Tim hiiu vi luit phip: Da s l ngydi
khuyet tat khdng biet nhilu v l luat phap ndi ehung va luat v l ngydi khuylt tat nei riSng hoac chi bilt chdt
It Hp eung khong bilt tim kilm nhdng thong tin phap luat l y d dau, khi can
t y v i n v l luat thi cQng khong bilt tim
d i n eg quan, dja ehi nao Nhu cau dygc hiiu ve phap luat la c i n thiet:
"em mudn hgc phap luit vi cic ky nang di tim each giii quyit rii song tdt sudt ddi Em mudn biit thim vi luit dim eudi, luat kit hdn, luat nha nude niu khdng hgc phip lu$t thi
se bi thiit thdi vi thiiu kinh nghiim'
(N.T.T.T, nd, bj cam diec, quan 4) Nhilu ngydi khdng nam ro v l cac che
dp cho ngydi khuylt tat Nhy mgt ban
trai khuylt tat chan ndi.- "d qui tiin
trg cip hing thing eOa nha nude mdi diu la dugc 60.000 ddng/thing Id khi
mi thi xi Tuy Hda len thinh phi dugc 120.000 ddng/thing, rdi nd cit ludn,
nd khdng ndi eho minh biit If do tai sao, tu dgng nd eat, d ling thi cOng co nhiiu ngudi khuyit tit diu duge linh hit, nhung mi tai sao minh lai bi cit Sau dd vd Sd Lao dgng-Thuong binh vi Xi hdi, thi danh sich trinh lin khdng cd ten thi sac ed tiin, ngudi ta
Trang 5ndi khdng ed de trinh danh sich lin
thi lim sao mi biit, mi dau ed xa la
gi, xi vdi nhi sit mat bin cd miy
trim mit, miy dng lim chinh quyin
xi eOng a trong ling khdng i, miy
ong ndi viy dd" (P.N.Y, nam, khuyet
tat hai Chan, quan 10)
S d dung cic eong trinh cdng edng,
tham gia giao thdng: Hien nay nhieu
edng trinh c l n g cdng xay cao t i n g , rat
khd khan che viec di ehuyen eda
ngydi khuylt tat, do eung la mdt can
trd ngydi khuylt tat hIa nhap vdi
cpng d i n g Mdt ban k l ve nhdng khd
khan trong vipe len xulng khi di hpe:
'Khi di hgc a trudng eung gip khd
khin ehu chl Thudng li hgc lin liu
cao vi cii doan dudng di IOc trude xa,
ban chd em di nhung IOc nd rinh thi
ehd ed lin em nghi hgc hoic li din
tri, em phil chO ddng mgi thir, thdi
gian phii sip xip." (P.T.R, nd, khuylt
tat hai chan, quan 10)
Tham gia giao thdng eung la mpt khd
khan vdi ngydi khuyet tgt Hp khdng
dygc c i p bang lai xe, khdng dygc lai
xe tham gia giac thong trong khi
phygng tiSn cdng cpng chya thich
hgp vdi ngydi khuyet tat, dd Id met
can trd cho hp trong viSe di chuyin
Chj T nhan xet: "Khi ndi tdi ngudi
khuyit tit thi ai cOng nghi ho phai
chay xe ba binh, nhung diiu niy tOy
thudc via mire dd khuyit tat ciia (ung
ngirdi Phin Idn ngudi khuyit tit
khdng cd giiy phdp lii xe, ngay ei
hgc luit eung chua ed nua" (L.T.A.L,
nd, q u i n ly, quan 10)
" khdng cd bing lii nhung van phii
chay thdi, ngudi khuyit tit mudn di thi
bing lii, cOng mudn cd bing HI chay
xe tren dudng, eii dd li ude mudn eOa hg, khdng biit Nhi nude ed quan tim hay khdng Ngiy trudc cd tham gia idp hgc vi giao thdng, chi ten hgc nhung ma khdng ed thi, hgc xong cip eho chirng chi, chir khdng phii bing, chirng nhin minh da hgc khoa giao thong di ra dudng, nd ngin han qui " (P.N.Y, nam, khuyet tat hai
ehan, quan 10)
2 HOAT DONG TRO GIUP CCiA
CAC TO CHCCC X A H O I
Qua k i t qua eda cupc khao sat "Xay
dung nang lire cic to chOc nhin dan nhim hd trg viee tiip cin tuphip eho nhdm edng ddng din cu dd bi tin thuang tai TPHCM" nam 2012'^' thi ed
d i n 45% eae t l ehdc xa hpi dan sy tham gia ho trg eho ngydi khuylt tat, chilm ty le cao nhit so vdi cac nhdm
d i i tygng edn lgi nhu ngydi ngheo thanh thj (38%); ngydi sing chung vdi HIV/AIDS (35%); ngydi ngheo nong then (30%); lao dpng nhgp cy (15%); ngydi hdnh nghe mai dam (10%); khae (7%); ngydi dan tpc thilu so (3%)
va nan nhan eda hegt dpng budn ngydi (2%) Dieu ndy cho thay sy quan tam eda eae t l chde xa hgi d l l vdi ngydi khuyet tat la r i t ldn
Ty IS cae t l chde xa hpl h i trg ngudi khuylt tgt hogt dpng td 16 nam trd len chilm den 56%; t d 11 - 15 nam la 22%; t d 6 10 nam la 15% va td 1
-5 nam la 7% T d s l lieu trSn cd t h i
t h i y cdc t l ehdc xa hdi nay da hogt ddng lau nam, ed nhilu nam kinh nghiSm trong viec h i trg che nhdm
Trang 6v i n d l ngydi khuylt tat cDng da dygc
cac t l chde xa hdi quan tam yu tien
t d r i t lau (LIN, 2012)
HiSn nay nhilu to chde xa hpi da cd
ehugng trinh hogt dpng tieh eye, gidp
ngydi khuylt tat hdg nhap vao cpng
dong cae t l chde xa hpl da bd ra
nhieu edng sdc cho cic hogt dpng nay,
nhy tim hydng hegt dpng, hydng h i
trg, tim kiem cdc nha bao trg va
nguin dy an nham gidp dd ngydi
khuylt tat mdt each t i t nhit Nhd sy
h i trg eda cac t l chde xa hpi nay ma
ngydi khuyet tat ed dygc nhdng ea
hpi trong vipe thye hien quyin, khic
phuc nhdng han ehe trong sinh hogt,
tham gia vae ddi sing xa hpi
Met s l trung tam xa hpi da t l ehdc
dygc nhdng b u l i sinh hogt thydng
nien, hoac nhdng chyang trinh hoat
dgng van nghp ehe ngydi khuylt tat
VI dg: cd nhyng ldp hpc dgy trgng
dilm, cau Igc bp khieu vQ trSn xe lan,
eac bull giao lyu van nghp tai cac khu
dan ey, nha may xi nghidp, thdng
qua nhdng chyang trinh nay nhim
khuyin khich va tge eho ngudi khuylt
tat them t y tin hdg nhgp vdi cpng
ding, xa hdi
" cdn vi bin hgc tip thi minh cOng
cd nhirng tap huin ve kf ning nhu kf
nang tham van hay ky ning lim vide
nhdm, rdi kf nang ndi ehuyin thuyit
phuc Tit ci nhung eii ky ning dd
diu giOp ich cho ngudi khuyit tit Cd
day thim vi cic Idp ngoai ngu; miy
thiy cd thi toin tinh nguyin vien, rii
mgt Idp khleu vu Thirc ra miy ldp dd
li khdng thudng xuydn VI du liu tiu
ma cic chi em phu nO cd nhu eiu thi minh sip xip mdt cii Idp khoing mdt hai ngiy gi dd, diiu niy tuy vio thiy
ed tdi diy day Cic ban rit li thieh vi xuit phit tir nhu ciu ' (L.T.A.L, nd,
quan ly, quan 10)
T l ehdc xa hpl trg gidp ngydi khuylt tat bing each danh gia nhu eau eda
d l l tygng, d i n g thdi quan \<i cSc
trydng hgp, h i trg ngydi khuylt tat tiep cgn nhdng djch vy phu hgp Trong trydng hgp c i n thilt, eac to chde xa hpi eung ho trg tam ly cho ngydi khuyet tat va gia dinh eda hp Nhy vay, bang nhdng kien thde, ky nang va phyang phap, nhan vien
cdng tac xa hpi Sa trg giup ca nhan,
gia dinh va cpng dong ngydi khuylt tat, phgc h l i cac ehdc nang xa hdi ma
hp bj suy giam
"Ca; du in hge tip cd ba ming, thd
nhat li tham vin hoin cinh, nhO'ng ngudi khuyit tit di tnrde ho cd kinh nghiim se tham vin lai cho cic ban Thir hai li hd trg ei nhin cho ngudi khuyit tit ning, ho khdng thi tu di lim dugc thi minh ehi tg giup mdt ngudi thay thi eii chin, cii tay eua
hg di hg Hip tuc cdng vlie tit han ThO' ba li sdng dde lip thi ngudi khuyit tit vin li ngudi tu ra quyit dinh vi tu chiu trieh nhlgm Cii van
di d diy la minh phan tieh eho hg hieu Mdt vin di nCra li nhdm hoat dgng eOng tip huin cho cic hge vidn
de ngudi ta biet duge cic ky ning di trg glOp ngudi khuyit tit cho dOng khdng lam tdn thuang tdi hg Khi du
in sdng dgc lap ra ddi thi gin diy cd
Trang 7ngudi khuyit tit la van di dl lal Bdi
xe buft ciia minh lal khdng tiip can
dugc, vl thi nen du in nay ra ddi
Diy li du an dinh eho ngudi khuyet
tit hoan loan mien phi " (L.T.A.L, ny,
quan \^, quan 10)
Dydi day la met s l linh vyc hoat ddng
ehu y l u eda cae t l chde xa hdi:
Y ti: Do ngydi khuylt tat ed nhu e l u
cham sde sde khde nhyng nhu e i u
nay thydng it dyge aap dng vi nhdng
trung tam y te thydng d qua xa hoac
khong tiep cgn dyge Dae biet la cac
thong tin ve y te va vat ly tri liSu Vi
vay, mgt so t l chde xa hpi da md
nhdng djch vy gidp dd v l y t l cho
ngygi khuylt tat, tien hdnh phuc hoi
ehdc nang tap trung d mot s l eg sd
hay tgi t y gig
Giio due: B i n g hogt dpng gido dgc,
cgng d p k i l n thdc, ky nang giai quylt
v i n d l cua ea nhan, gia dinh va cpng
d i n g ehc ngydi khuyet tat, cae t l
ehdc xa hpi eung eung d p ca hpi cho
ngydi khuyet tat dygc hda nhap cdng
dong, gidp hp phat triln nhan each,
tang eydng giao lyu va hpe hdi xa hdi
Mdt so tre khuylt tat t d nhd da dygc
eae to chde xa hpi can thiSp sdm d l
edc em d l hoa nhap vdi mdi trydng
trydng ldp mdi H l u nhy t i t ea cac
phu huynh/ngydi thdn eda cac tre
khuyet tgt deu cd chung nhan dinh
r i n g cac chygng trinh can thiep sdm
eda trydng/to ehdc r l t cd hiSu qua doi
vdi con em hp va dygc phu huynh tin
tydng
'Chiu nhi thi hdi nhip (i> nhd 0
ed mOa dau, IOc dd la deo tai nghe vi ndi cho chiu cd thoi quen ndi, sau niy eung phit huy cii do din khi mi qua
cd H, ed hudng dan them thinh ra chiu
ed thi tiip thu dugc nhiiu han Binh thudng ddi vdi eie chiu thi rat khd hdi nhip Cic khuyet tat khic si hgl nhap tit han edn ddi vdi eie chiu niy thi khd " (V.D.Q, nam, phu huynh tre bj
khilm thinh, quan 3)
Viic lim: Bj hgn c h l trpng giao dgc va
dap tgo n g h i iam cho ngydi khuylt tat thilu kiln thde, thilu ky nang, nSn thilu t y tin Dieu nay can trd hp tim dygc cong vi$e t d t l hoac ed vj tri t i t trong xa hoi Co dyge viee iam va thu nhap la eg hdi duy nhit gidp ngydi khuylt tat thpat khoi cupc sing bj eo lap hoac thilu tiep xdc xa hdi Nhyng
vl khd ed eg hpi viSc iam nen nhilu ngydi khuylt tat phai kilm sing bing each an xin, ban dgo, bgn ve s l , danh
giay tren dydng p h i : " cac em edn
thanh niin nd rat dep trai mdi 20, 21,
22 vay mi dl lau nhi eho ngudi ta thim chi di giat dd, khdng ed viec lim thi phil viy thdi, chir com dau ma an
di sdng, di bin vi sd thi bi ngudi ta lua ngudi ta glut " (P.C.P.T, nd, e l
van, quan 3) Cae t l chde xa hpi da k i t
n i l vdi cdc xi nghiep, nha may, eong ty
d l tim kiem viee iam eho ngydi khuylt tat Thye t l hiSn nay met so cdng ty da md rpng eda chao ddn cac thanh vISn khuylt tat vao iam vlSc
"Mdt khoing thdi gian thim dd nhu eiu cua ngudi khuyet tit thi minh thiy khi eie ban tdi du hgi thio thi eie ban eung lo ling vd vin di viec lam Bdi niu nhu khdng cd vide lim thi hg
Trang 8cOngi khdng ed tu tin di tdi du hdi thio
ciia minh td ehCrc Qua tim hiiu mdi
thay thi minh da kit nii vdi cic trung
tim gidi thigu viee lim vi ngirdi
khuyit tit di dua ngudi khuyit tat
din eie doanh nghigp mi hg dang ed
nhu eiu tuyin dung' (L.T.A.L, nd,
Quan ly, quan 10)
Treng suit qua trinh lam viSc eda
ngydi khuyet tat, eae t l ehdc xa hpi
van ludn sat eanh vdi va h i trg cho hp
khi e i n thiet: 'mgt ngudi khuyit tit
vio lim thi ban diu tim trang ciia hg
rit lo ling khdng biit minh lim cd
dugc vide hay khong, cdng viic minh
lim rit li mdi, nhieu thu phin vin lim
thi bin ehi quyit dinh cO' mgt ngirdi
ding hinh qua 3 thing diu, niu cic
ban ed gap khd khin gl thi chia si vdi
ngudi ddng hinh dd Vi ngudi ddng
hinh niy ehinh li ciu ndi giu'a doanh
nghigp vdi ngudi lao ddng glOp cho
ban an tam hon lim viic trong doanh
nghlip dd " (L.T.A.L, nd, quan 1^,
quan 10)
Tuy nhiSn, sc lygng ngydi khuyet tat
dap dng lau dai cac cong viec tai eac
deanh nghidp eong nghiep la khdng
nhilu dp han che v l mat sdc khde, ky
nang va trinh dp ehuyen mdn
cac t l chde xa hgi hien nay cdng
khuyen khich va ho trg ngydi khuyet
tat n l u cd kha nang thi ty minh ddng
ra kinh deanh hoac buon ban: "
riing nhung ban khuyit tat mi ho
mudn kinh doanh mi khdng biit each
quang cio sin phim thi minh huin
tuyin cho hg cich makerting, biy gid
thdi d^i edng nghi thong tin nin lim
viic qua mang khi nhiiu vi thi nin
tip huin eho hg lim thi nao di mi kit nil online, rdi quing cio sin phim cOa hg lim sao di giii' thucmg hiiu, tit ci cic idp nhim hd trg cho bin Vlie lim " (L.T.A.L, ny, Quan ly,
Quan 10) T l ehdc da tgo mpi dieu kien d l ngydi khuylt tat cd the phat huy h i t kha nang cua minh, bing sdc lye cua minh, khdng qua phu thu0c vao ngydi khdc
Luat, quyin: Ngydi khuyet tat d l trd
thanh nan nhan eua bao hinh vi it
dyge bao vS phap 1^ hogc cham soc phdng ngyg Phu n d va cac tre em gai khuyet tat dac biet d l bj t i n thygng, hoac bj Igm dung Gia dinh va ban than ngydi khuylt tat cung it nam bit thong tin phap luat danh eho ngydi khuylt tat So lieu eua cuOc khao sat nam 2012 cho t h i y treng nhdm ngygi khuylt tat thi phu n d bj ton thuang nhilu han nam (15% so vdi 7%) Do
dd, mdt s l to ehdc xa hoi da t l chde cae buli t y v i n , truyin thSng v l bgo hanh gia dinh, sdc khoe sinh san danh eho cae em gai va phu nd khuyet tat, nham nang cao kiln thdc
de hp cd the t y beo ve minh Nhdng thdng tin v l phap luat din ngydi khuyet tat cdn r i t hgn ehe Mpt phin de khlng biet tim thSng tin td dau, mpt p h i n do nhdng b i t tien trong viee tilp xdc, di chuyen khi den cac eg quan edng quyen Igm nhdng thd tuc llSn qugn den gily td, phap ly nlu khong ed ngydi gidp dd, t d dp din
d i n viSc ngygi khuylt tgt cgm thiy
n g l n nggi
Ngay vipe dpc hiiu nhdng van ban phap
Trang 9mdt v i n d l khd khan: "chinh sich phip
luit ciia nydc minh dd ngay ca ngudi
cd trinh dd cOng ddi IOc eim thay khi
hiiu, mi ngudi khuyit tit thi da sd cd
trinh dd thip cho nin dge mdt cii van
bin phip luit thi cam thiy rit khd, cii
thdng tin din vdi hg eung khdng de
ding lam" (L.T.A.L, nd, quan 10) Do
ad cdc t l chde xa hpi phai t y minh tim
ra nhdng bien phap d l viSe truyin dgt
thdng tin phap luat d i n nhdm ngydi
hp h i trg dyge de dang, de hieu han:
"ehinh vi viy tnrde day A eung dua
hen phip linh dinh cho ngudi khuyit
tit mi nhd mdt ehj lim bdn luat viit lal
bing ngdn ngij sao eho di hiiu vi
trinh biy bing ci hinh inh di thong
tin dd khi tdi ngudi khuyit tit thi se de
hiiu hon, cin niu dua eho hg ci van
bin thi rit khd hiiu Ben A eOng dang
tim hiiu di dua ra nhung hudng tiip
cin sao eho ngudi khuyit tit di hiiu'
(L.T.A.L, nd, quan 10)
ThSng qua cae to chde xa h l i , ngydi
khuylt tat thuan Igi hgn treng viSe
thye hien cae quyen va lgi ich chinh
dang cua minh Cae to chde xa hdi
hien nay h i u nhy a l u t y minh tim
k i l m nhdng thdng tin v l phdp luat
danh eho nhdm ngydi y l u t h i ma hp
ho trg heac tiep nhgn t d nhdng mgng
lydl, eg nhan quen biet Mdt s l khde
thi tim kiem cap nhat nhdng thong tin
phap luat trSn Internet, website Met
s l t l chde xa hdi da t l ehdc dygc
nhdng b u l i t y v i n ve phdp luat, v l
q u y i n hpac ed nhdng ban e l v i n ve
phap luat cho ngydi khuyet tat
"Mue dich Oiir ba ti hd trg loan diin
vin di liin quan tdi cuge sdng ngudi
bi cim, vi du nhu mdvin phdng tu van phip luit cho me, rdi tham vin ding cam eho nd Ba sd ngudi eim di lam
bi ngudi ta bdc tgt sire lao dgng, bi ChO ngudi ta danh, ban ddng nghigp ngudi ta lay ghi dinh chiy miu Id diu ra, rdi dinh ton hoii, may nim trudc mgt ngiy li miy chuc cudc diin thoai cOa chO sir dung ngudi lao ddng
bl cim, cua cic ban bj cim dinh nhau rdi cha me cac ban, nhung nam vu'a qua cic em nd nhan dugc du in ciia trung tim B, thanh ra no hoe dUdc phip luit quyin ciia con f?gydi, vdi du
in diy lOi nan bao hinh eOa ngudi diic cam i, thi cic em sau mdt nam hoc rdi thi nim vu'a qua khdng cd vu nio, nim nay ehi cd mgt vu ciia thing T.A thdi, mi ehua xay ra li da hi chin rdi " (P.C.P.T, nd, e l v i n , quan 3)
" Sen Tmng tim A khi trao dot vdi
ngudi khuyit tit vi nhung chinh sich mdi thi ed not vdi ho khi din tim vl$c vol dia phuong thi hg cim ludn cii bg thdng tin ve luit cho ngudi khuyit tit, khi cd thic mie gl tu' dia phuang thi minh dua ra luit dd ndi vdi hg la ngudi khuyit tit cd luit niy, bdi vi nhiiu khi hg cung rit muon dirge ho trg nhung mi hg chua eo nhin duge thdng tin kip thdi nen minh mang thdng tin din ehia se vdi hg luon Nhu'ng trang iveb luit ciia chinh phu hoic qua cic hdi thao mi liin quan tdi ngudi khuyit tit di hg cung cap phi biin nhirng thdng tin Ben chl ei mgt nhdm cd vin vi luit eho bin A vi
ed mgt trang web lugt di mi hd trg,
di mi khi eie ban khuyit tit cd nhimg eiu hot, thic mac gl do thi hg
Trang 10ed thi gui lin trang web " (L.T.A.L,
nd, quan ly, quan 10)
KET LUAN
Nhdng ngydi khuylt tat danh gia rat
cao ve sy ho trg cua eac t l ehdc xa
hpi It nhilu eae t l chde xa hdi nay da
dya ngydi khuylt tat den g i n hgn vdi
edng ding, hda nhap vdi cpng ding
va cam thiy ban than minh eung la
ngydi cdn ed ich
HS trg v l tinh than eho ngydi khuylt
tat dd ehinh la diem mgnh eda eac to
chde xa hdi va dd cung la mpt trong
nhdng tidu chi eda eae t l chde xa
hgl Khi vae sinh hogt tgi eae t l chde
xa hgi nay ngydi khuylt tat nhy da
tim dyge nai d l giai tda ve tinh t h i n
che ban than minh Hp trd nSn ty tin
hgn, vui ve hgn va dac biSt la thay
a l l suy nghi thg dpng, mpt s l bgn
cgn tinh nggyen tham gia vao cae
chygng trinh h i trg cho ngydi d i n g
eanh ngO
Cae to chde xa hpi chd trygng xay
dyng k l hoach hogt dpng cdng nhy
eac chuang trinh tap hgin dao tgo
d i g xuit phat t d nhu d u eda nhdm
hygng lgi va hcan tpan khong mang tinh ap dgt Nhd vay da thu hdt dyge
sy tham gia, hydng dng nhiet tinh eda nhdng doi tygng nhan h i trg Trong viSe xay dyng djnh hydng, muc tiSu hogt dpng, cdc t l chde luon
ling nghe s y ddng gdp f kien, tam ty
nguyen vpng eda ngydi khuylt tgt
de cd hydng h i trg t h i l t thye nhit Thye sy cgc t l chde xa hdi dg khlng djnh dygc vai trd quan trpng eda minh trong viSc h i trg ve eae mat thiet y l u eho nhdm ngydi y l u t h i nil Chung va ngydi khuylt tat ndi rieng
Do la nhdng ddng gdp rat ed y nghia trong dieu kISn xa hpi con chua quan tam dyge day dd d i n nhdm xa hpi nay
Tuy nhien cac t l chde xa hpi eda Vigt Nam v i n dang d trong giai doan diu phat triln, c l nhdng hgn ehe v l nguin kinh phi, nhan lye, djnh hydng De dd cae d p chinh quyin
va cpng ding xa hpi d n cd sy quan tam tao dieu kien eho eac t l chde x§ hpi iam t i t han heat dpng h i trg rlt
c i n thilt cua ho •
CHO THiCH
*^' Cuge khao sat tiln hanh phong van 60 to chde xi hgi, tgp trung vao cgc t l chde xa hgi hS
trg djch vy cho mgt hogc nhieu trong sg 7 nhom xa hgi dg bi ton thuong Cgc nhgm nay gom: Ngu'di khuyet tat (bao gom ca khuyet tat ve thg chit va tam thin); ngudi lao ggng nhap cu-, den tir nhu'ng vung ngng thgn cua Vigt Nam (va cac thanh vien trong gia dinh di ciing); ngu'di ngheo thanh thi; ngu-oi sgng vdi HIV/AIDS; ngu'di dan tgo thieu sg; ngu-gi hanh nghe mgi dam; va ngn nhan bugn ban ngu-ai (Nhdng nhgm nay dirge xac dinh dya trfin nghien edu ajnh tinh va dinh lifong do LIN, DOLISA, Oy ban AIDS TPHCM va VASS/WorldBank/Oxfam thyc hien)
TAl LIEU TRiCH DAN