36 đề thi olympic HSG lớp 10, 11 with key

PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS 5 PTS Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.. VOCABULARY 10 PTS: Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.. PHRASA

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TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN Môn thi: Anh văn - Khối: 10

Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút

1 happy in the new school, he missed his old friends

2 we leave at 3:00, we should get there by 5:30

A Assuming B Having assumed C To assume D Assumed

3 I am sorry to keep you waiting I hope you long

A are not waiting B don’t wait C haven’t waited D haven’t been waiting

4 It's about time you the balcony It's covered in leaves and dust

A cleaned B had cleaned C to be cleaned D to have cleaned

5 Don't be silly! That possibly be David Beckham!

6 –“I locked myself out of my apartment I didn't know what to do.”

–“You your roommate.”

A could have called B may have called C would have called D must have called

7 –“Did the principal of the school answer you yet?”

–“No, but I hear from him by 5pm, I’ll let you know.”

8 help me make this decision I’m just so unsure of which direction to take for my future

A I’d sooner you will B I wish you will C If only you could D I’d rather you

9 we have enough money, where would you like to travel this summer?

A So that B Provided that C Despite the fact that D Unless

10 Twenty people were arrested during the demonstration, of four were charged with obstruction

II PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

11 She was very appreciative all the support she got from her friends

12 Her latest novel is coming in paperback soon

13 As you’ve arrived late, you’ll have to the time you have lost

A make up to B do up to C do up for D make up for

14 Mary is jealous her sister because she is much more popular

15 Your skirt needs taking ; it's too large

16 Can you make the meaning of this passage?

17 He’s such a hard man to as he’s always flitting from one site to another

18 Don't be put by his manner He always acts that way

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19 His proposal met total opposition from the committee

20 You ought to stand your little brother when the others tease him

III VOCABULARY (10 PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

21 It is possible to out of the pension scheme if you do not wish to participate

22 She always gets what she wants because she knows how to the rules

23 Anthropologists have spent years studying the social system of this

24 I tried to catch the mouse, but it was too

A intentional B obsolete C uncommon D elusive

25 I have no appetite and I am lethargic I've been feeling under for ages

26 Peter does everything himself because he doesn’t like to control

A extinguish B relinquish C vanish D elicit

27 I don't know how I can up the courage to tell him the awful news

28 I need to study more for the test I don’t have a very good of the material

29 The weekend is over, so tomorrow morning it's back to the

30 We could hear the monkey long before we reached their cage

A chatting B chattering C prattling D babbling

31 Bob is so short-tempered; he should try to his anger

32 The police the woods looking for the lost child

33 Don't mention work to Ray, as it's a sore with him at the moment

34 The couple under the umbrella to keep dry

35 A long, green snake through the grass and disappeared

36 This schedule isn’t final It’s only

A tentative B sporadic C contemporary D subsequent

37 My new pullover to half its previous size when I washed it

38 The new accounting system all my work useless

A transformed B rendered C transposed D converted

39 Martin just loves to his teeth into a really challenging crossword

40 The doctor said that sweets should be eaten in

A compulsion B restriction C moderation D qualification

IV GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS): Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits

each space

Passage A:

The case of food storage in tin cans illustrates how an invention can be successful even when it (41)

a new problem for the one it solves In 1810, Peter Durand (42) tremendous progress in food preservation with his invention of the tin can The cans were ideal for transporting food and for (43) spoilage for extended periods But consumers of canned food had to (44) their own ingenuity to open the solidly constructed cans, which sometimes outweighed the foodstuffs inside Durand’s solution had created a new problem, (45) opening the cans In the early days, the (46) most favored was the brute force of a hammer and chisel In 1858, Ezra Warner designed a crude and somewhat (47) can opener Finally (48) 1930, the safe design that underlies today’s common kitchen utensils had

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been invented From the (49) of their introduction, however, the problem of opening the cans (50) not detract from their wide acceptance as a solution to the problem of food preservation

43 A storing B preserving C keeping D preventing

Passage B:

Two eyes help us to see in three dimensions; and two ears allow us to hear in stereo If recent research findings are (51) , two nostrils function in (52) the same way In the olfactory system, each nostril conveys to the brain a slightly different olfactory (53) upon smelling an odor What is perceived in combination is (54) used by the brain to get a precise (55) of what the odor is The slight difference (56) the olfactory images seems to occur (57) the air flows at a

different rate through each nostril, one of (58) has a low flow-rate and the other a high one Odors that dissolve slowly have their maximum effect in the (59) that has a slow movement of air Conversely, those that dissolve quickly have their (60) effect when the air stream is moving rapidly Thus, air drawn into the nose will give different responses in each nostril Not yet well understood is how the brain processes the disparate olfactory images as a single recognizable aroma Future studies will be needed to completely explain this phenomenon

51 A incorrect B reported C accurate D similar

55 A meaning B measurement C location D sense

60 A personal B strongest C negative D slowest

V READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS): Read the texts below and choose the best answer

to each question

Passage A

Recently, researchers conducted a survey to investigate what motivates young adults to exercise The study might shed light on why so few college students exercise and why many stop their exercise workouts after they graduate Researchers analyzed responses from 937 randomly selected college students at a leading U.S university What the research team found was that 39% of the male students and 26% of the female students exercised at least three days a week for 20 minutes at a time These exercise patterns were fairly similar to those in surveys at other universities The survey also revealed some critical factors which motivate college students to exercise

Men who exercised regularly reported that their friends provided considerable support for them to do so Those who exercised only occasionally had moderate support from their friends, while those who did not exercise at all had little or no support from friends For women, however, the crucial motivating factor seemed to come from family members rather than from friends Women who exercised regularly had a great deal of positive support to do so from their families However, women who exercised only occasionally received moderate levels of encouragement from their families, while those who did not work out at all received little or no support from their families Since college students often live far from home, women students are likely to have a weaker support system than do their male counterparts

A medical professor, upon seeing the results of the study, remarked that generally there is not so much emphasis on body performance among girls and young women “It’s a macho thing to be able to run faster

or lift weights,” he said “However,” he continued, “for the younger generation, this gender gap appears to

be getting smaller.”

61 What is the main purpose of the study presented in this passage?

A to investigate college students’ attitudes towards good health and exercise

B to find out why young women don’t like to exercise

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C to learn what makes college students exercise

D to find the best type of exercise workout for college students

62 What research method was used in this study?

A College students reported on their friends’ exercise workouts

B College students reported on their families’ exercise patterns

C College professors answered questions about their students

D College students answered questions about themselves

63 What similarity between men and women did the study find?

A The more friends they have, the more they exercise

B The more support they have to exercise, the more they exercise

C The closer they live to their families, the more they exercise

D The more health-conscious they are, the more they exercise

64 In comparison to the general college population, students at this university exercise

A less often than average

B about the same amount as average

C more often than average

D for longer at a time than average

65 Why does the passage mention that some college students live far from home?

A to emphasize that they do not see their families every day

B to criticize their life styles

C to show how independent they are

D to explain why they depend on their friends so much

These findings must be interpreted with caution First, the results were based on averages Second, birth weight is only one of numerous factors influencing cognitive function Parental interest in education - such

as volunteering at school or helping with homework - may offset the effect of birth weight Furthermore, poor environmental conditions, such as living in an overcrowded home, breathing polluted air, or being caught in a bitter divorce can diminish the early advantages enjoyed by heavier babies

Although no one knows exactly what makes a newborn baby heavy, it is known that healthy, well-nourished mothers tend to have heavier babies, while those who eat poorly, smoke, and are heavy drinkers tend to produce smaller ones There are probably several other variables that affect birth weight, but if and how those are connected to intelligence is not known

66 In this study, the researchers examined the relationship between _

A maternal nutrition and birth weight

B home environment and intelligence

C age and intelligence

D intelligence and birth weight

67 What did the researchers find out about the relationship they were studying?

A It increased up to age 26, then decreased

B It remained steady until age 26, then decreased

C It decreased as the subjects grew older

D It remained steady throughout the study

68 Which children have an advantage at school?

A Those who were full-term, lighter weight babies

B Those who were premature but normal weight babies

C Those who were full-term, heavier babies

D Those who were premature babies who gained weight quickly

69 According to the passage, what is one possible reason to question the conclusions of the study?

A The study did not consider some environmental factors

B The study was done too long ago

C The study was done on premature babies, not full term ones

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D The study tested different children at different ages

70 What is the main idea of the passage?

A Premature babies are disadvantaged throughout their lives

B Parents’ educational level affects intelligence

C No one knows the exact relationship between test scores and intelligence

D Bigger babies may be more intelligent than smaller ones

Passage C

Diving deep into the ocean is difficult for humans, although whales do it easily The deepest a human has dived into the ocean without scuba gear is to 450 feet below the surface, which required him to hold his breath for about two minutes Humans are unable to go much deeper because at a certain point the external pressure becomes so great it crushes the ribcage and lungs Furthermore, lack of oxygen also prevents humans from staying under water for long periods It is amazing, then, that whales can dive to depths of up to 10,000 feet and remain there for as long as two hours Several adaptations enable the whale to do this, among them the construction of its ribcage Unlike humans, whales have fewer “true” ribs, ribs joined directly to the breastbone, and more “floating” ribs, which are attached only to the preceding rib by cartilage This flexible design allows the whale’s ribcage to fold under pressure instead of breaking, and for its lungs to collapse without rupturing capillaries Also, during a dive, the whale’s heart slows to as low as 3 to 5 beats a minute Arteries constrict, reducing blood flow to many of the whale’s less vital organs, thus conserving oxygen and maintaining blood pressure in the brain and heart Humans emerging too suddenly from dives can suffer from “the bends,” when small bubbles of nitrogen gas form in body fluids and obstruct blood flow, leading to death Because whales collapse their lungs, air is pushed from the lungs into the windpipe, which is lined with thick membranes, making

it difficult for nitrogen bubbles to pass into the bloodstream or other tissues Together, these and other adaptations enable whales to dive to such depths

71 What are “floating” ribs?

A Ribs that are not attached to other ribs

B Ribs that are not attached to the breastbone

C Ribs that are made of cartilage

D Ribs that are not able to fold under pressure

72 What is the main purpose of this passage?

A to explain why whales can do something that humans cannot

B to explain how humans and whales adapted

C to explain what happens at great depths

D to explain how the human respiratory system works

73 When a whale dives, what contributes to the conservation of oxygen?

A Blood pressure increases

B Blood flow decreases

C The lungs collapse

D The ribcage folds

74 Compared to whales, humans have

A weaker capillaries

B thicker membranes in the windpipe

C fewer floating ribs

D slower heartbeats

75 How does the whale’s ribcage differ from that of a human?

A The whale’s ribcage contains fewer vital organs

B The whale’s ribcage can bend without breaking

C Whales have fewer ribs than humans

D The whale’s ribs are not attached to the breastbone

Passage D

Scientists have not been able to determine the exact age of the Earth directly from its rocks Geologists have yet to find any of Earth’s original rocks that have not been recycled and destroyed through the process of plate tectonics However, scientists have been able to determine the probable age of our solar system and

to calculate an age for the Earth by looking elsewhere - to outer space In doing so, they had to assume that the Earth and the rest of the solid bodies in our solar system formed at the same time and are the same age

Asteroids in outer space have not been subjected to the crushing forces of plate tectonics Meteorites, which are fragments of asteroids that fall to Earth, contain clues about planetary formation Being primordial rocks still in their original state, they can be dated fairly accurately by measuring the radioactive elements remaining in them since the formation of the solar system One group of scientists from Germany and

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another from France analyzed meteorites and reached the same conclusion: The final phase of Earth’s formation, the separation of its metallic core from its silicate-based mantle, occurred about 30 million years earlier than previously thought

The ages of more than seventy meteorites have been measured using radiometric dating techniques The results show that meteorites, and therefore presumably Earth, formed about 4.5 billion years ago These findings also push back the origin of Earth’s moon because most scientists believe that the Moon formed from material ejected when a Mars-sized planet collided with Earth The fact that these conclusions about the age of the Earth were reached by two independent groups of scientists increases the weight of the findings

76 What strengthens the claim made in this passage about Earth’s age?

A Earth and meteorites are the same age

B Two separate research studies had the same results

C Geologists have found Earth’s original rocks

D The moon is older than previously thought

77 What conclusion did the French and German scientists reach?

A Meteorites have radioactive elements

B Plate tectonics does not occur on asteroids

C The Earth is older than was believed in the past

D The Moon is older than the Earth

78 According to the passage, what is involved in “radiometric dating techniques”?

A using radioactivity to restore an object to its original state

B measuring the radioactive elements in an object

C calculating how many times Earth’s rocks were recycled

D subjecting an object to crushing forces

79 How did scientists date the Earth?

A directly, by analyzing plate tectonics

B directly, by measuring Earth’s metallic core

C indirectly, by dating the Earth’s Moon

D indirectly, by dating meteorites

80 What indicated the last stage in the Earth’s formation?

A a reduction in the crushing force of plate tectonics

B the separation of Earth’s core from its mantle

C a shower of seventy meteorites falling to Earth

D the collision of a Mars-sized planet with Earth

proposed covering the building in gold leaf in (8) to imitate the color of dying plants, and thereby connect the house to the (9) of seasons and the passage of time Furthermore, he added a (10) of outdoor terraces where people could enjoy the cool air of the wooded valley

Today, Fallingwater is open to the public with its original setting, furnishings, and artwork

previous simulations and suggests that (13) increases due to global warming will make it increasingly difficult to feed the Earth’s growing population Average (14) temperatures, which increased 0.35 degrees Celsius over the (15) of the study, have little effect on rice production However, a strong correlation exists between warmer nighttime temperatures, which have risen an average

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of 1.1 degrees, (16) decreasing rice yields Although the underlying (17) of this relationship

is unknown, researchers speculate that plants work harder to maintain themselves in (18) to the warmer nights and consequently divert energy from growth Thus, an average (19) of just one degree Celsius can (20) in a ten percent reduction in yields Similar findings have been reported for corn and soybean yields in the United States

II WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)

PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses

1 They were in search of archaeological remains (DATE)

2 He always gets aggressive when he’s drunk (RESTRAIN)

3 The drop in share prices in March was a of the financial crash that followed in June (RUN)

4 She sang the first three verses with a piano and the last verse (COMPANY)

5 I really didn't mean to offend her - I just said it (THINK)

6 They were accused of in their treatment of the hostages (HUMAN)

7 Alcohol is a factor in 10% of all road accidents (CONTRIBUTE)

8 He had to face up to his own as a father (ADEQUATE)

9 It was a step in the right direction (QUESTION)

10 Hospital beds were scarce and medicines were practically (EXIST)

PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box

POISONOUS SEALIFE One of the most lethal poisons on Earth, ten thousand times more deadly than cyanide, is tetrodotoxin, more concisely known as TTX Its potency is well known in East Asia, where it regularly kills (11) who have braved the capricious (12) known as puffer fish This toxin has a (13) method of operation: twenty-five minutes after (14) , it begins to paralyse its victims, leaving the victim fully aware of what is happening Death usually results, within hours, from suffocation or heart failure There is

no known antidote If lucky patients can (15) the symptoms for twenty-four hours, they usually recover without further (16) It is no ordinary poison What is strange about its (17) is that it

is found in such a wide range of creatures, from algae to angelfish spanning entire kingdoms of life It is rather unlikely that such an unusual toxin evolved (18) in so many unrelated animals Marine biologists have discovered that the poison is produced by bacteria living in the gut of its host The best explanation is that a symbiotic relationship exists between host and the not (19) guest, where microbes exchange poison for nutrients, providing a valuable (20) weapon for its host

III ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS) The following passage contains 10 errors Identify

and correct them

BEWARE OF VITAMINS!

1 Vitamins are good for our health, aren't they? Perhaps not New research suggests that rather

than ward off disease, high doses of certain vitamins may make more harm than good and

could even put you in an early grave Some recent studies suggest that far from improving

health, these vitamins, when taken at very high doses, may actually increase the risks of

5 cancer and a range of debilitating diseases, a discovery that has sent the medicinal world into

a spin Scientists are unsure as to when vitamins, so essential to health, can be toxic in high doses The most likely explanation is that the body is only equipped to deal with the levels

found naturally in the environment If the intake is too far for the normal range, then the

body's internal chemistry must be shunted out of alignment What this means is that the

10 commercially sold vitamins and those provided by nature is not always compatible The

commercial forms may interfere with the body's internal chemistry by “crowding out” the most natural and beneficial forms of the nutrients The vitamins obtained in food are also

allied with a host of other substances which may moderate or augment its activity in the body The latest advice is to eat a balance diet to ensure you get all the nutrients you need,

15 and if you must take supplements make sure you take the lowest recommended dose and

follow the instructions on the bottle

IV SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS) Rewrite the following sentences using the words given

1 People know more about my novels than the plays I write

(BETTER) I'm _

2 The staff hated his new policies intensely and so went on strike (HATRED) So

intense

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3 Your attitude to life would be greatly improved by regular exercise

(WONDERS) Regular exercise would

4 There is someone in the office twenty-four hours a day (STAFFED)

The office

5 Do you think her grandmother was offended by what I said? (EXCEPTION) Do

you think ?

6 His behavior at the conference gave him the bad reputation he now has

(CONDUCTED) The way _

7 Unless we can obtain more information, we can't process your claim

(FORTHCOMING) Unless further _

8 Our teacher thinks it would be better to get on as quickly as possible

(MUCH) Our teacher would prefer us

9 I had to wait for the manager for almost an hour before he would see me

(BEST) The manager kept _

10 They remain close friends despite having had many arguments (FALL)

Frequently as

END OF TEST – BEST OF LUCK

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SỞ GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30/4

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN Môn thi: Anh văn - Khối: 11

Thời gian làm bài : 180 phút

1 He has done things he ought not to have done and undone things he ought to have done

2 The team be the same without him

3 Suppose she that outrageous story circulating around the office, she'd be furious!

4 I'd rather you a noise last night; I couldn't get to sleep

A wouldn't make B didn't make C hadn't made D haven't made

5 The teacher has gone home, so you her at the library

A can’t have seen B mustn't have seen C weren't able to see D couldn’t see

6 I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night Otherwise, I your call

A returned B had returned C would return D would have returned

7 –“Did the kids enjoy the circus?”

–“Absolutely! The clown got them all the time.”

A laugh B to be laughing C to laugh D laughing

8 –“Have you heard, Samuel has just been awarded his PhD?"

–“Yes, but intelligent he is, he has no basic common sense."

9 My sister is left-handed, no one else in our family is

10 they couldn’t have told us all that we were likely to lose our jobs because the business was failing is beyond me

II PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

11 I was prepared to back her story because I knew it was the truth

12 My brother has a flair languages and can speak more than six

13 A local hotel has been found guilty of incidents of food poisoning

A holing up B shutting off C covering up D tucking away

14 How would you set teaching a dog to perform tricks?

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17 The meeting didn’t until late

A end up B break up C come about D fall through

18 Would you like to try this new electric cooker?

19 Although they tried, they couldn't hold their laughter

20 The student was eligible a full grant to study at university

III VOCABULARY (10 PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

21 Having a broken ankle her movements considerably

22 When I came in, I found a great surprise me

A expecting B celebrating C awaiting D disregarding

23 You were really when you paid $100 for those shoes They're not even leather!

24 To be well-prepared for studies at a university, you should take courses in school

25 The government is making little in its fight to beat inflation

26 We don’t know him very well He’s just a casual of ours

A relative B fraternity C acquaintance D occupant

27 Greg has, to all intents and , finished his degree course, with the exception of his final dissertation

28 They disagreed at first, but after some discussion, they reached

A a consensus B a majority C an acquiescence D a persuasion

29 We were all on a -edge until the very end of the Hitchcock film

30 The thought of going to the dentist gives me nightmares

31 We giggled at the sight of Mrs Brown down the road in her six-inch stiletto heels

A staggering B tottering C reeling D stumbling

32 Peter had a difficult time his car into the small parking spot

A mobilizing B maneuvering C manipulating D motoring

33 Jane about the surprise party for Sheila and now the whole idea is ruined

34 He the papers in a neat pile

35 Thousands of refugees are camping at the between the two countries, hoping to find asylum

36 Joe’s health has gotten worse over the last few months

A chronologically B consecutively C serially D progressively

37 Jenny was so unhappy as she was under the of her husband

38 The team had to of the competition because of injuries

39 We had a of a time at Jason's party yesterday

40 Investors were caught by the sharp drop in share prices

A undecided B unawares C unsuspecting D unconscious

IV GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS): Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits

each space

Passage A:

The BBC, in the form of the language-teaching arm of the World Service, and Harper Collins have (41) forces to publish the BBC English Dictionary, "A Dictionary for the World" It is (42) at the

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120 million listeners to the World Service who cannot find the expressions in (43) dictionaries (44) on 70 million words broadcast at least ten times a year on the World Service, the compilers, (45) by Prof John Sinclair, have included (46) expressions and word usage, without judging whether they are being used (47) Elizabeth Smith, the BBC's Controller of English Services, said:

“Our language is (48) on statements by real people, like politicians and (49) which the BBC has accurately recorded As broadcasters, we try to use a few idioms and metaphors but only to show that

we (50) in the real world.”

43 A functional B traditional C conventional D partial

47 A correctly B truly C sincerely D finely

Passage B:

Researchers have been perplexed by the increasing prevalence of allergies in children While many (51) appear to contribute to the (52) of allergies, sensitization to common allergens has been shown to reduce the risk of allergies persisting from childhood into adulthood For example, one recent study shows that exposure early in life to cats and dogs may protect children against allergies (53) pets, dust mites, ragweed, and grass, among other things Some allergists had (54) thought that repeated exposure to pets in infancy would (55) the likelihood of developing pet allergies (56) , it is now believed that endotoxins, substances (57) in the mouths of cats and dogs, may (58) help to prevent allergies When a pet licks a child during play, endotoxins are transferred from the animal’s tongue to the child Endotoxins are (59) to help the human immune system (60) resistance towards some allergens in the environment The bottom line is that living too clean a life may contribute to the increasing number of children with allergies

52 A development B sickness C resistance D evolution

54 A previously B already C usually D later

56 A However B Furthermore C Moreover D Nevertheless

57 A placed B developed C introduced D found

59 A determined B analyzed C assumed D thought

V READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS): Read the texts below and choose the best answer

to each question

Passage A

It is well known that adequate sleep is important in the formation of memories Two recent studies indicate that performance of motor skills tasks was greatly enhanced if subjects were allowed to sleep immediately following training In one study students were taught a series of finger-tapping sequences and then tested for their memory of the tasks Performances were 34% faster for the first group of students, who slept for eight hours immediately after learning the sequences, as compared to the second group, who were kept awake during that time Furthermore, error rates were 30% lower for the group that slept after learning Performance on the tasks was shown to be unaffected by sleep deprivation prior to the training Differences

in performance persisted two days later, after the second group of students had also had a full night’s sleep This indicates that a window of opportunity exists for sleep to be effective in aiding the memory of motor skills

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In the other study, a group of people who were taught keyboarding sequences in the morning, and then tested 12 hours later without a period of sleep, improved their typing ability by 2% Another group, who were taught the sequences in the evening, and then tested 12 hours later after a night’s sleep, improved their typing ability by 20% This study found that performance improvement is linked to Stage 2 sleep, or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, typically experienced late at night or in the early morning hours According to this study, those who get up earlier than usual, thus interrupting their Stage 2 sleep, may have difficulty remembering motor skills tasks they had learned the day before

61 According to the studies, what improves motor skills performance?

A Waiting two days before continuing instruction

B Learning tasks in the correct sequence

C Learning a skill and then sleeping

D Getting a good night’s sleep before learning a skill

62 The findings of the first study indicate that

A sleep deprivation before learning a task has a negative effect on performance

B sleeping immediately after learning a task has a positive effect on performance

C sleep deprivation immediately after learning a task has no effect on performance

D sleeping immediately before learning a task has a positive effect on performance

63 The results of the second study

A are unrelated to the first study

B contradict the results of the first study

C confirm the results of the first study

D explain the results of the first study

64 According to the passage, what is the importance of NREM sleep?

A A decrease in NREM improves the formation of memories

B Too much NREM slows down the formation of memories

C There is no relationship between NREM and the formation of memories

D Lack of NREM inhibits the formation of memories

65 According to the studies, which strategy would be best for learning to play the piano?

A Learning in the evening, and then getting a good night’s sleep

B Learning immediately after getting up very early

C Learning in the morning, and then doing something else

D Learning late in the evening and then taking a short nap

Passage B

Scientists at a Texas university have successfully cloned a cat for the first time DNA obtained from a female donor cat named Rainbow was transplanted into an egg cell whose nucleus and chromosomes had been previously removed The egg cell was then implanted into a surrogate mother, Allie Sixty-six days later, a kitten, later named Copy Cat, was born The breakthrough in cloning a household pet was greeted with excitement by pet lovers, many of whom have already “banked” their pets’ DNA and even made financial contributions to the university in the hope of one day obtaining a clone The news was also welcomed by scientists interested in the preservation of endangered species

Although scientists now have the technology to clone animals, Copy Cat’s birth came only after several unsuccessful attempts at cloning a cat Researchers first tried using skin cells from a donor cat to create a clone, but only one pregnancy resulted out of 188 embryos, and this ended in a miscarriage Scientists then tried using cells from cats’ ovarian tissue Out of 87 such embryos, only Copy Cat survived Although comparable to the success rate in sheep, cows, goats and pigs, these odds must be reduced to make pet cloning feasible

Animal rights activists claim that pet cloning is dangerous for the animals involved, and that it could needlessly increase the pet population of the country Also, activists say that believing cloning will bring the same animal back is a fallacy

Although Copy Cat’s coat color is similar to Rainbow’s and a genetic match confirms that she is indeed a clone, her behavior and personality are very different Rainbow is reserved, while Copy Cat is playful and curious In reality, social environment and upbringing are more likely to determine the personality of an animal than genetic material and blood type

66 The main purpose of this passage is to

A advocate further research into pet cloning

B encourage pet lovers to bank their pets’ DNA

C generate funds for the university’s pet cloning project

D present the pros and cons associated with cloning pets

OTTO CHANNEL – YOUR FRIENDS IN STUDYING ENGLISH

67 What is Allie’s relationship to Copy Cat?

A She gave birth to Copy Cat

B She was cloned from Copy Cat’s DNA

C She has the same personality as Copy Cat

D She provided the donor cells used to create Copy Cat

68 According to the passage, what important fact should pet lovers keep in mind before cloning their pet?

A Banking a pet’s DNA is expensive

B Cloning will bring back the same animal

C The clone could be different from the original animal

D Cloning sheep, cows and pigs is easier than cloning a cat

69 What beneficial effect might cloning have in the future?

A It could be used to prevent miscarriages

B It could be used to prevent the extinction of rare animals

C It could reduce the number of unwanted pets in the country

D It could reduce the impact of upbringing on a pet’s behavior

70 According to the passage, which factor is most important in determining a pet’s behavior?

nest, the cuckoo will toss them out, using a scooplike depression in its back The host parents are then

left to raise the young cuckoo

Brown-headed cowbirds are another brood parasitic species They have been known to parasitize over 200 other species of birds Their eggs do not closely mimic host eggs, and they do not oust host eggs and young from their nests Instead, cowbirds tend to hatch earlier than hosts and grow faster, thus crowding out and reducing the food intake of the host’s young

Some host species have learned, however, to reject invader eggs Scientists do not fully understand how these rejector species have developed, or why some species still accept invader eggs even when the eggs look different Some scientists believe that acceptors are birds that do not want to risk damaging or accidentally removing one of their own eggs when trying to eject an invader Others believe that beak size influences rejection, allowing birds with large beaks to eject invader eggs more easily Still other scientists claim that chance plays a big role in deciding which birds will be acceptors and which will be rejectors

71 What do European Cuckoos and brown-headed cowbirds have in common?

A They are both rejector species

B Their eggs do not closely mimic host eggs

C They lay their eggs in the nests of other birds

D They have been known to parasitize over 200 other species

72 What is the “scooplike depression” mentioned at the end of paragraph one used for?

A to remove host birds’ young

B to remove host birds’ eggs

C to remove a parasite’s young

D to remove a parasite’s egg

73 What is one difference between European Cuckoos and brown-headed cowbirds?

A Cuckoos raise their own young

B The baby cuckoo eats the host birds’ eggs

C The baby cuckoo crowds out host bird babies

D The baby cuckoo ejects host birds’ young from nests

74 What advantage do young cowbirds have in another bird’s nest?

A They toss out the host birds’ young

B They develop faster than the host birds’ young

C They are very similar to the host birds’ young

D The mother cowbird removes one of the host birds’ eggs

OTTO CHANNEL – YOUR FRIENDS IN STUDYING ENGLISH

75 According to the passage, birds with large beaks

A tend to accept invader eggs

B are able to remove invader eggs

C tend to damage their own eggs

D are rejected by birds with small beaks

Passage D

There are more than 500 carnivorous plant species growing naturally in the world, ranging in size from a fraction of an inch to vines that are over 60 feet tall While often biologically quite different from each other, these plants all share a common trait, carnivorousness This is the ability to capture animals and digest them Why have some plant species developed this extraordinary property? Most carnivorous plants grow in acid soils or water that is poor in mineral salts In order to survive, these plants have devised ingenious traps over several thousands of years of evolution Some use pools of water to drown unlucky visitors, others have sticky surfaces that work like flypaper, and some have “snap traps” that clamp down on insects

in a matter of milliseconds The prey captured by these traps supply the vitamins and minerals that other plants would normally absorb through their roots

Even though these plants may have diverse appearances and grow in different environments, they are often closely related to each other In the 19th Century, Charles Darwin believed that landbased Venus flytraps, found in North and South Carolina, and aquatic waterwheels, which grow in Europe, Asia and Australia, were closely related because they both depend on snap traps to catch their prey A century later, British researchers looking more closely at the form and structure of the waterwheel, decided that its closest kin was not the Venus flytrap but the terrestrial sundew The sundew consumes insects caught with its flypaper trap

However, it has recently been proved that Darwin’s hunch was right after all Scientists at the New York Botanical Garden studied the DNA of about a dozen carnivorous plants They concluded that the world’s only two snap-trapping plants really are sibling species, whereas the sundew is no closer than a cousin, sharing a more distant common ancestor

76 How does a snap trap work?

A It drowns an insect

B It encloses an insect

C It traps an insect on its sticky surface

D It digests an insect through its roots

77 Why did Darwin think the Venus flytrap and the waterwheel were related?

A They live in similar environments

B They have similar DNA

C Both are siblings of the sundew

D Both have snap traps

78 British researchers decided that the two species most closely related to each other are

A waterwheels and sundews

B flytraps and snap traps

C Venus flytraps and sundews

D Venus flytraps and waterwheels

79 How are non-carnivorous plants different from carnivorous plants?

A Non-carnivorous plants get nutrients through their roots

B Non-carnivorous plants can live in acid soils

C Non-carnivorous plants are less biologically diverse than carnivorous plants

D Non-carnivorous plants evolved more slowly than carnivorous plants

80 What are the two snap-trapping plants mentioned in the last sentence?

A The aquatic waterwheel and the terrestrial sundew

B The Venus flytraps from North and South Carolina

C Venus flytraps and the aquatic waterwheel

D Venus flytraps and the terrestrial sundew

B WRITTEN TEST

I CLOZE TEST (20 PTS): Read the texts below and complete each space with ONE

suitable word

OTTO CHANNEL – YOUR FRIENDS IN STUDYING ENGLISH

Passage B

Over one hundred brightly colored and diverse frog species have recently been identified on the tropical island of Sri Lanka The new species were identified by noticeable (11) in physical features, habitat, development, and genetic make-up Some are tiny and dwell on the ground, whereas (12) are large and inhabit trees Five of the new (13) lay eggs in homespun baskets suspended above water, so that when the eggs (14) the tadpoles have no difficulty taking their first (15) The remaining new frog species give birth to their young by producing eggs on the forest floor These frogs (16) the tadpole stage and emerge as miniature (17) of their parents

Frogs and other amphibians are important indicators of ecological balance; therefore a decline in their numbers would be considered a warning that (18) of the natural environment for a particular area is needed (19) that Sri Lanka has already lost 95% of its forests, measures to protect the remaining forest fragments are crucial Since many frogs produce chemicals that could have practical applications in health care and medical treatment, they are a potential source of new drugs Thus, ensuring that frogs are protected by preserving and restoring their (20) is very important

II WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)

PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses

1 Another nuclear accident in the same place is virtually (CONCEIVE)

2 Though she had spent hours fixing the computer, he her efforts (LITTLE)

3 Smoking has caused damage to his lungs (REVERSE)

4 –“Was it a good read?" –“Oh, totally ! I finished it in two days." (PUT)

5 The police file was because of new evidence (ACT)

6 The war has nearly two-thirds of the country's population (ROOT)

7 Premature disclosure of the test sites might lead to of the experiment (VALID)

8 Their ten-point lead puts the team in an almost position (ASSAIL)

9 The poet fell in love with her and her in his verse (MORTAL)

10 He was able to pass through several military checkpoints (HINDER)

PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box

SILENT ACTING Mime and pantomime was a Greek and Roman dramatic entertainment representing scenes from life, often

in a (11) manner Currently, the art has evolved into the (12) of a character or the narration

of a story solely by means of body movement The Greco-Roman mime was a farce that stressed (13) action but which included song and spoken dialogue In Roman pantomime, unlike the mime actor, the players wore (14) masks, which identified their characters but deprived them of speech and of the use of (15) gestures Thus hand movements were particularly expressive and important Pantomimus, dressed like a tragic actor in a cloak and long tunic, usually performed solo, (16) by an orchestra In the theatre of China and Japan, mime acquired a role unknown in the West, becoming a(n) (17) part of the major dramatic genres In Chinese drama the conventions of gesticulation, as well

as the (18) of the stage properties, are immense in scope and (19) to those unfamiliar with the traditional forms The high art of modern mime was (20) philosophically by such artists as Marcel Marceau, who defined mime as lithe art of expressing feelings by attitudes and not a means of expressing words through gestures

OTTO CHANNEL – YOUR FRIENDS IN STUDYING ENGLISH

III ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS) The following passage contains 10 errors Identify

and correct them

A SPORTING GOAL FOR WOMEN

1 Football is traditionally, a man's sport, but now the women are muscling in on their act, or so

it seems Because many top male footballers have been transferred for astronomical sums of money that the game has become more a highly-powered business than a sport This is where the women come in, more motivated, more interested in the game more than in

5 promoting themselves and generally better behaved both on and in the pitch, making a strong

contrast to their male counterparts' greed and cynicism Indeed, as to FIFA, the world football governing body, the future of football belongs to women, and the organization has put out to actively promote women's football Perhaps, in view of the fact that women are half the

world's population, this is how it should be In the USA, many members of national women's

10 football teams are well known than male footballers, and some professional female players in

both North America and Europe have attracted lucrative sponsor deals Generally, two problems beset women's football: the need to be taken more serious and for more funding to

be made available Once these have already achieved along with the blessing of FIFA, we should see footballers who are accessible, cooperative, decent and sporting in place of the

15 spoiled mercenary star boys of sport

IV SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS) Rewrite the following sentences using the words given

1 He realised how much he cared for her only when she had been away for a long time

(HOME) Her prolonged

2 So that she would be able to leave the room quickly, Kathy stood by the door (POSITIONED)

Kathy

3 This essay shows a slight improvement on the last

(MARGINALLY) This essay is

4 If they discover your role in the incident, you will go to prison (LIGHT) If

your role in the incident _

5 No one could stand in for Bob when the proposal was drafted (INSTRUMENTAL)

Bob _

6 My boss says I can use his car whenever I want to, so long as I'm careful

(DISPOSAL) My boss says his car _

7 If she hadn’t interfered, there would have been no problems (SMOOTHLY)

Without her

8 She didn't understand the situation and so made a terrible mistake

(STICK) She got

9 I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise (POWER) I

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TP LONG XUYÊN , TỈNH AN GIANG

TRƯỜNG : THPT CHUYÊN THOẠI NGỌC HẦU

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ _

A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Câu hỏi 1: ( 5 điểm)

I WORD CHOICE

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1 The criminal performed 100 hours of community service work to atone for his crime

A make out B compensate C give up D scarifice

2 As a child, Mozart was considered to be an infant _

3 Marie was nettled by her sister’s constant jocularity and preferred a _

A miserable B indignant C sycophantic D staid

4 If the student had been less _, he would not have been expelled from his grade school

A indefatigable B perseverant C refractory D indigent

5 Despite his intense _, he failed to secure the prestigious university’s coveted diploma

A imbibition B lugubriousness C lucubration D magnanimity

6 It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be _

A predictable B unexpected C explicit D confusing

7 As my eyesight began to _ , I spent a lot of time writing about it – both poems and ‘eye journals’ – describing what I saw as I looked out through damaged eyes

A deteriorate B sharpen C recover D adjust

8 Her _ should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need

A stinginess B thrift C illiberality D intolerance

9 Modern agricultural practices have been extremely successful in increasing the productivity of major food crops, yet despite heavy use of pesticides, _ losses to diseases and insects pests are sustained each year

A reasonable B equitable C considerable D incongruous

10 A recent study suggests that vitamin E supplements, despite widespread belief in their _, are no better than sugar pills for delaying the onset of the degenerative disease

A potential B misuse C popularity D efficacy

_

Câu hỏi 2: ( 5 điểm)

II VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1 Natural selection is defined as the process _the course of evolution by preserving those traits best adapted for an organism's survival

A to which directs B of which directs it C directs it D that directs

2 Manufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, 17 percent of the workforce

A engages B and to engage C that it engage D engaging

3 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State, the Eric Canal helped link the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes

A The extension of B The extension C Extending D Extends

4 that life began billions of years ago in the water

A It is believed B In the belief C The belief D Believing

5 In geometry, an ellipse may be defined as the locus of all points _ distances from two fixed points is constant

A which as the sum of B of the sum which

C the sum of whose D whose sum that the

6 _ no two people think exactly alike, there will always be disagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively

7 Social scientists believe that _ from sounds such as grunts and barks made by early ancestors of human beings

A the very slow development of language B language developed very slowly

C language which,, was very slow to develop D language, very slowly developing

8 _ technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions

A Not only is Barbara Astman's artwork B Not only Barbara Asiman's artwork

C Barbara Astman’s artwork, which is not only D Barbara Astman's artwork not only

9 Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur _ stressed because of drought or other environmental factors

A as forests that become B in forests become

C that become forests D when forests become

10 _ the evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that at least some seals have an echolocation

system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews

Đáp án câu hỏi 2:

Câu hỏi 3: ( 5 điểm)

PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1 I’ve been _ at this report for hours I’m really fed up with it

A slogging away B stowing away C whittling away D surfing away

2 The anaesthetic is _ and my mouth is beginning to feel quite sore now

A dozed off B wearing off C tipping off D rocketing off

3 There have been many complaints that universities are _ their degree courses in order to attract more students

A pelting down B playing down C dumbing down D coming down

4 When parents are stressed at work, they sometimes _their children

A take it out on B miss it out on C have it in for D make it out of

5 Being spoken to like that really took me _

6 Therefore, _ accordance with our regulations, you will be issued with a formal written warning

10 We solved the problem ……… a new device developed by our engineers

A by means of B by means C by means to D by mean of

Đáp án câu hỏi 3:

Câu hỏi 4: (5 điểm)

COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1 Today, while the vast majority of people are _ opposed to the use of drugs in sport, detection remains a real problem for the governing bodies

A staunchly B securely C steadily D vaguely

2 Maps are made with the help of photography

A air B aeronautics C aerial D aeroplane

3 It’s hard to believe Brian and Stephen are brothers, isn’t it? They’re as different as _

A Mars from Jupiter B milk from honey C chalk from cheese D margarine from butter

4 It’s a shame that so little is done nowadays to help the homeless in our large cities

A sweeping B crying C dying D pitying

5 Our dog looks very ferocious, but don’t worry, Liz It’s gentle like

A a pony B a lamb C snowflakes D a stone

6 I like my new job; the only fly in the is the fact that I have to work every other weekend

7 + “I like that painting you bought Did it cost much?” + “ No, the artist sold it to me for .”

A close to nothing B next to anything C next to nothing D anything next

8 True learning does not _ in gathering facts from the teachers; it requires active assimilation

of knowledge

9 The saying that “Misfortunes don’t come ,” means that Bad things can happen at the same time

10 He knows the interviewer already and that will give him an advantage over me

A ardent B significant C unfair D considerable

Đáp án câu hỏi 4:

Symbiosis is a close, long-lasting physical relationship between two different species In other words, the

two species are usually in physical contact and at least one of them derives some sort of benefit from this

contact There are three different categories of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism

Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism, known as the parasite, lives in or on another organism,

known as the host, from which it derives nourishment Generally, the parasite is much smaller than the host

Although the host is harmed by the interaction, it is generally not killed immediately by the parasite, and some

host individuals may live a long time and be relatively little affected by their parasites Some parasites are much

more destructive than other, however Newly established parasite/host relationships are likely to be more destructive than those that have a long evolutionary history With a longstanding interaction between the parasite and the host, the two species generally evolve in such a way that they can accommodate one another It

is not in the parasite’s best interest to kill its host If it does, it must find another Likewise, the host evolves defenses against the parasite, often reducing the harm done by the parasite to a level the host can tolerate

Parasite that live on the surface of their hosts are known as ectoparasites Fleas, lice, and some molds and

mildews are examples of ectoparasites Many other parasites, like tapeworms, malaria parasites, many kinds of

bacteria, and some fungi, are called endoparasites because they live inside the bodies of their hosts A

tapeworm lives in the intestines of its host where it is able to resist being digested and makes use of the nutrients

in the intestine

Even plants can be parasites Mistletoe is a flowering plant that is parasitic on trees It establishes itself on the surface of a tree when a bird transfers the seed to the tree It then grows down into the water-conducting tissues

of the tree and uses the water and minerals it obtains from these tissues to support its own growth

If the relationship between organisms is one in which one organism benefits while the other is not affected, it is

called commensalism It is possible to visualize a parasitic relationship evolving into a commensal one Since

parasites generally evolve to do as little harm to their host as possible and the host is combating the negative effects of the parasite, they might eventually evolve to the point where the host is not harmed at all There are many examples of commensal relationships Orchids often use trees as a surface upon which to grow The tree is not harmed or helped, but the orchid needs a surface upon which to establish itself and also benefits by being close to the top of the tree, where it can get more sunlight and rain Some, mosses, ferns, and many vines also make use of the surfaces of trees in this way

In the ocean, many sharks have a smaller fish known as a remora attached to them Remoras have a sucker on the top of their heads that they can use to attach to the shark In this way, they can hitchhike a ride as the shark swims along When the shark feeds, the remora frees itself and obtain small bits of food that the shark misses Then, the remora reattaches The shark does not appear to be positively or negatively affected by remoras

Mutualism is another kind of symbiotic relationship and is actually beneficial to both species involved In

many mutualistic relationships, the relationship is obligatory; the species cannot live without each other In others, the species can exist separately but are more successful when they are involved in a mutualistic relationship Some species of Acacia, a thorny tree, provide food in the form of sugar solutions in little

_

structures on their steams Certain species of ants feed on the solutions and live in the tree, which they will protect from other animals by attacking any animal that begins to feed on the tree Both organisms benefit; the ants receive food and a place to live, and the tree is protected from animals that would use it as food

One soil nutrient that is usually a limiting factor for plant growth is nitrogen Many kinds of plants, such as

beans, clover, and alder trees, have bacteria that live in their roots in little nodules The roots form these nodules

when they are infected with certain kinds of bacteria The bacteria do not cause disease but provide the plants with nitrogen-containing molecules that the plants can use for growth The nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the living site and nutrients that the plants provide, and the plants benefit from the nitrogen they receive

1 The word it in the passsage refers to

A host B organism C parasite D relationship

2 The word relatively in the passage is closest in the meaning to

A comparatively B routinely C adversely D frequently

3 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? (The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.)

A A parasite is less likely to destroy the host when it attaches itself at first

B Parasite that have lived on a host for a long time have probably done a lot damage

C The most destructive phase for a host is when the parasite first invades it

D The relationship between a parasite and a host will evolve over time

4 The word tolerate in the passage is closest in meaning to

5 According to paragraph 3, how do ectoparasites survive?

A They live in mold and mildew on their hosts

B They digest food in the intestines of their hosts

C They live on the nutrients in their bacterial hosts

D They inhabit the outside parts of their hosts

6 Which of the following is mentioned as an example of a commensal relationship?

7 The word actually in the passage is closest in meaning to

A frequently B initially C really D usually

8 In paragraph 7, why does the author use the example of the Acacia tree?

A To demonstrate how ants survive by living in trees

B To explain how two species can benefit from contact

C To show the relationship between plants and animals

D To present a problem that occurs often in nature

9 According to paragraph 8, how does bacteria affect beans and clover?

A It causes many of the plants to die B It limits the growth of young plants

C It supplies nitrogen to the crops D It infects the roots with harmful nodules

10 In which of the following chapters would this passage most probably appear?

A Environment and Organisms B Pollution and Policies

C Human Influences on Ecosystems D Energy Resources

Đáp án câu hỏi 1:

_

Passage B

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Advantages of Group Decision Making

Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way

Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction People tend to accept

a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than

to a decision made for them As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully

Disadvantages of Group Decision Making

While groups have-many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be considerable Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made

just as effectively by an individual working alone Consequently, group decisions should be avoided when

speed and efficiency are the primary considerations

A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked- All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or

expected patterns of behavior Especially when they are dealing with important and controversial issues,

interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink

Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways

to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution

might be found than the one proposed by the leader or other influential group members These conditions foster

the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders They also encourage the development of self-appointed “mind guards” who bring pressure on dissenters In such situations, decisions—

1 In paragraph 1, the author states that groups frequently _

A generate more options than individuals

B agree on the way that the problem should be approached

C make recommendations instead of decisions

D are chosen to participate because of their experience

2 According to paragraph 2, why do group decisions tend to be more successful?

A When more people are involved, there are more ideas from which to choose

B People are more accepting of decisions when they have been involved in them

C Implementing ideas is easier with a large number of people to help

D people like to be participants in decisions that are successful

3 The word Consequently in the passage is closest in meaning to _

A About now B Without doubt C Before long D As a result

4 According to paragraph 3, group discussion can be problematic because _

A individual decisions are always more effective B it takes more time for a group to arrive at a decision

C it costs more to pay all of the group members D interaction among group members can be a problem

5 What can be inferred about a group leader?

A A good leader will provide goals for the group to consider and vote on

B The purpose of the leader is to facilitate the participation of all of the members

C A group leader should be the dominant member of the group

D Expectations for group behavior must be presented by the group leader

6 The word controversial in the passage is closest in meaning to _

7 According to paragraph 5, how does the author explain compromise in a group?

A The group may try to make a better decision by compromising

B A compromise may be the best way to encourage groupthink

C Compromising may allow the group members to remain friends

D To compromise can help one member to reach a personal goal

8 The phrase the one in the passage refers to _

A solution B information C hope D leader

9 What does the term “mind guards” refer to _?

A People who conform to the group opinion without thinking

B Group members who try to force others to agree with the group

C Members of the group who are the most ethical and influential

D Those people who disagree without offering an alternative view

10 According to paragraph 6, why are alternative solutions often rejected in groupthink?

A Dissenters exert pressure on the group B Group leaders are not very creative

C Information is not made available D The group is usually right

Đáp án câu hỏi 2:

_

Câu 6: Cloze test

Passage A

* Choose the best option to complete the reading text

Claridge's has taken luxury to a new (1) _ by offering its guests more than 30 (2) _ of water - with prices stretching to as much as £50 a litre The opulent hotel, in the heart of London, has (3) _ an extensive menu with water from countries as far flung as Norway, Patagonia, New Zealand and Hawaii Customers are given advice on which water is best (4) _ to what occasion For those suffering from exhaustion or trying to get over jet lag, OGO spring water from Tilburg in the Netherlands contains 35 times more oxygen than (5) _ water (6) _ the drinker The most expensive on the menu is 420 Volcanic, spring water from Tai Tapu in New Zealand, which can be bought for £21 for 42 cl - the equivalent of £50 per litre Its low mineral content and "smooth sensation on the palate" comes from its journey from the (7) _ at the bottom of an extinct volcano through 200 metres of volcanic rock Fiuggi from Italy has (8) _ been admired since Michelangelo wrote about its restorative effects in 1554 and it is said to be very popular with the Vatican (9) _ included on the list is Mahalo Deep Sea Water, from Kailua-Kona in Hawaii, which is £21 for 75cl Originally a fresh water iceberg, the water melted thousands of years ago and sank to the bottom of the ocean floor because of its different temperature and salinity It is now (10) _ to the surface through a 3,000

ft pipeline But among all the grandeur there is one option which is free of charge - a glass of "old fashioned London tap water"

2 A varieties B differences C variations D options

3 A revised B advised C comprised D devised

4 A appropriate B suited C suitable D linked

5 A common B typical C ordinary D natural

6 A revitalizing B revitalized C is revitalized D to revitalize

7 A source B foundation C basis D beginning

9 A Furthermore, B Also C Plus, D Moreover

Đáp án câu hỏi 1:

_

Passage B

* Choose the best option to complete the reading text

“HOMEWORK AT ROOT OF MANY FAMILY ARGUMENTS”

Homework can cause friction between parents and children, especially in middle-class families where concerns about a child’s future can lead to a (1) _ of pressure to succeed, according to a recent report Homework can also create anxiety, boredom, fatigue and emotional exhaustion in children, who resent the encroachment on their free time, (2) _ they think homework helps them do well at school The resulting (3) _ to the parent-child relationship may (4) _ any educational advantage homework may (5) _ , the Institute claimed The report found that problems can (6) _ when parents try to help with homework, especially when they feel they (7) _ the knowledge or the time Parents may inhibit their children’s effectiveness in doing homework by trying to control the homework environment – telling children when and where to do homework or trying to eliminate distractions – instead of helping them (8) _ it to suit their learning styles, the body said On the plus side, parental (9) _ in homework has been shown (10) _ the strongest predictor of better grades, the report said Report author Dr Susan Hallam said: “Parents have the most positive influence when they offer moral support, make appropriate resources available and discuss general issues They should only actually help with homework when their children specifically ask them to.”

1 A atmosphere B mood C attitude D climate

2 A while B even though C supposing D if

3 A damage B injury C destruction D hurt

4 A exceed B overbalance C outweigh D compensate for

7 A go without B miss C lack D are deprived of

9 A involvement B contribution C collaboration D connection

10 A being B having been C as being D to be

Đáp án câu hỏi 2:

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II PHẦN TỰ LUẬN bao gồm:

Câu hỏi 1: OPEN CLOZE TEST: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only ONE WORD for each space

CLOZE TEST 1 (10 điểm)

Exercise is one of the best ways of keeping depression away It improves your body and your mind and (1) ……… you to perform better in the work place and at home Proper breathing is essential (2)

……… you want to get the most from exercise and you should also take into (3) ……… your heart rate It can be (4) ……… to do too much, (5) ……… is why all fitness (6) ……… emphasize the importance of "listening to your body" When you first start, you should use good (7) ……… because it's easy to make the mistake of using equipment (8) ……… or doing too much at one time Start slowly and build up gradually Exercise should not be seen as a demanding task, it can be as easy as a quick walk To increase your fitness (9)

………, exercise for twenty minutes a day, four to six times a week and you will notice a difference (10) ………your body and your mind in a few weeks

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CLOZE TEST 2 (10 điểm)

A lot of people are familiar with the story of Brace Gelert, the dog that faithfully defended the prince's

baby son, but which was then killed while it was fast asleep through a terrible misunderstanding (1)

……… , only a few people know that the story is really a pack of lies Let me explain

About a hundred or so years ago, there was a hotel owner in Wales who was (2) ……… up with business being so bad His hotel was stuck in the middle of nowhere and hardly (3) ……… came

to stay Then, one day, he had an idea A famous prince called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been (4) ……… of dogs This is hardly surprising as hunting was extremely popular at that time So what he did was to (5) ……… the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ungrateful master

Of course, people would be far more (6) ……… to believe the story if there was something they could see Therefore, one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and (7) ……… a sort

of monument from the stones he found (8) ……… around A friend of his, who was, incidentally, an accountant, helped him to construct it The 'legend' soon caught (9) ……… and developed a life of its own Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the hound was buried (10)

……… to say, business became very good for the hotel owner!

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Câu hỏi 2: WORD FORM (20 điểm):

PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses

1 He is the most ……… person I know (IDIOCY)

2 She found the idea deeply ……… (REPEL)

3 The two pairs of twins make a pleasant ……… during the game of golf

7 He was very ……… towards his father (OBEY)

8 The meeting ended and some questions remained ……… (ASK)

9 During the day I work in a ……… agency as a telephonist

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PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box

ILLUSION - SURVIVE – AUTHORISE – IDENTIFY - HEART -MITATE - FACE –

ENDURANCE – PROBLEM - PERCEIVE

In 1997 I went back to Beijing for the first time since the disastrous events of 1989 The Chinese (1)…… … had been reluctant to re-admit foreign journalists who had witnessed the Tiananmen Square student protests

Every eight years later, it was still (2) …… … to get into the Square with a television camera, but we

managed it I looked for the bullet holes on the steps of the central monument, but they had all been expertly filled in; a faint discoloration perhaps, but almost (3) …… … The most critical moment in Chinese history after Mao Zedong's death seemed to have been entirely forgotten My time in China had given me an(4)

…… … interest in Chinese art, so I decided to go to Liu Li Chang, where for centuries there has been an

antiquities market Unfortunately, many things for sale there nowadays are modern (5) …… … empty-handed

and I somewhat (6) …… …., I went into a tea house and sat through the usual ceremony, but there were (7)

…… … differences here too: it seemed quicker and the tea lacked that extraordinary lingering scent Thoroughly (8) …… …., I returned to my hotel, one of the enormous, (9) …… … places which have sprung

up everywhere Yet here, in a dark shop tucked away off the lobby, my melancholy mood disappeared, for I met

a (10) …… … from 1989, who remembered me instantly Not everything had been entirely forgotten

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Câu hỏi 3: ( 10 điểm)

ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 điểm)

The following passage contains 10 errors Identify and correct them

The word processor and calculator are without doubt here to stay, and in many respects of our lives are much richer for them But teachers and other academics are claiming that we are now starting to feel the first significant wave of their effects on a generation for users It seems nobody under the age of 20 can spell nor add

up any more Even several professors at leading universities have commented about the detrimental effect the digital revolution has had at the most intelligent young minds in the country The problem, evidently, lies with the automatically spell-check now widely available on word processing software Professor John Silver of the Sydney University, Australia, said, “Why should we bother to learn how to spell correctly or to learn even if the most basic of mathematical sums, when at the press of a button we have our problem answering for us? The implications are enormous Will adults of the future look on the computer to make decisions for them, to tell them who to marry or what house to buy? Are we heading for a future individually incapable of independent human thought?"

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Câu 4 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 điểm)

A Complete the sentences in such a way that each of the sentences means almost the same as the sentence printed before it

1 There is not a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, madam!

1 We are completely out of thermal socks, madam!

2 You won’t be able to buy a house in that district less than / under 1 billion VN Dong

3 Alan’s illness was the result of his working too hard at the office

caused by his working too hard at the office

brought on / about by his working too hard at the office

due to his working too hard at the office

4 Never had she expected that she was successful

5 Nobody is blamed for the meeting’s cancellation

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B Use the word(s) given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence Do not change the form of the given word(s)

1 His arrival was completely unexpected (TOOK)

1 His arrival took us completely by surprise

2 It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test

3 The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to Walter Raleigh

4 There is no question of super being ready by 8 o’clock

5 I had no regrets about/ on / over leaving / having left the club in the end

1

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BÌNH THUẬN

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30-4 LẦN THỨ XXIV

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH ; KHỐI 10

NĂM HỌC: 2017-2018

A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (40 points)

I 1-10 WORD CHOICE

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentences

1 These days the castle is swamped with of tourists

2 By being rude to his superiors he is considered to have the mark

A transcended B outrun C surpassed D overstepped

3 I have been back to the doctor three times and he still hasn't the reason for all the pain I have been suffering from recently

A indicated B highlighted C pinpointed D looked up

4 If you continue to debts at this rate, you will have to declare bankruptcy eventually

5 He _ a yawn as the actor began yet another long speech

A squashed B suffocated C submerged D stifled

6 I have tried every product on the market and still I can't rid these curtains of the

_ of cigarette smoke

7 Granddad would spend hours talking to us youngsters around the dinner table

_ about his happy younger days back east on the farm

A recalling B reminiscing C reminding D memorising

8 The winning team were roundly criticised by the local media for the way in which they had _ over the losing team It was considered very unsporting

A gloated B relished C showed up D dominated

9 I retired three years ago and didn't know what to do with myself Getting this dog has

given me a new _ of life

10 As soon as the bomb was discovered by one of the cleaning staff, the police had the area _ off and no-one was allowed within two blocks of the cafe

A fenced B cordoned C walled D isolated

KEY

1 A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B

II 11-20 GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

11 To be honest, Harry has _ than you have

A been more helpful considerably B been considerably more helpful

C been more considerably helpful D considerably been more helpful

12 There are words in English having more than one meaning Pay close attention

to this fact

Số phách

2

13 The doctor insisted that his patient

A he did not work too hard for three months

B take it easy for three months

C take it easy inside of three months

D could take some vacations for three months

14 On being told about her sack, _

A her boss felt sorry for Mary B Mary was shocked

C Mary’s face turned pale D all are correct

15 In no way _ that people will be prevented from organising peaceful protests

C does this law mean D this law does mean

16 You can’t just demand _, you have to earn it

17 ‘Which of these two men is Japanese?’ ‘ _ is.’

18 I have never seen _ before

19 Since they aren’t answering the phone, they _

20 _ to his brother’s graduation party, George wouldn’t have met Mary

C If he has not gone D If he shouldn’t have gone

KEY

11 B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.C 20.A

III 21-30 PREPOSITIONS - PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

21 The service was slow and the bill was incorrect I put it _ poor management

22 If you were giving a talk, would you want your colleagues in the audience rooting you?

23 A couple of boys were _ in the pool

A impinging on B larking about C ploughing ahead D floating out

24 We were the task of writing a report of the college´s games

25 He didn´t use his position on the council to lord it people

26 Anti-terrorist squad officers _ the area to search for possible bombs

A sealed off B set off C come through D split up

27 Two men who had _ in the container were arrested when the police opened it

A stowed away B seen to C broken off D sat around

28 As we were in an urgent need of syringes and other medical equipment, the aid organization promised to deliver them the double

3

29 The secretary dashed _ the weekly report to his director

30 I an important deal yesterday and she was so thrilled!

A came across B mucked up C shot down D gunned for KEY

21.D 22 C 23 B 24 D 25 A 26 A 27 A 28 C 29 B 30 B

IV 31-40 COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

31 There’s been a slight improvement in his heallth, but he’s not out of the _ yet

32 He’s unreliable at the best of times, but forgetting my birthday was the last _

33 The government has been forced into a after the revelation of a cover-up

A climbdown B getaway C outbreak D breakout

34 The workforce has been pared to the _

35 I don’t know if Ash would be right for the job; he’s a bit of an unknown

A quality B qualification C quantity D identity

36 She now says she didn’t really want the job that she failed to get, but I think it’s just

A a cup of tea B an act C full of beans D sour grapes

37 Be realistic! You can’t go through life looking at the world through _

A rosed-coloured spectacles B bright sights

C magnificent spectacles D green fingers

38 Those were the ethnic _ we put people in then

A dogholes B pigeonholes C boltholes D foxholes

39 I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly _ this morning

A slow-witted B far-reaching C off-hand D top-heavy

40 Searching for one man in this city is like looking for a _

A salt of the earth B sand in the desert

C needle in a haystack D drop in the ocean

Read the following passage and choose the best option for each questions below

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to New England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks

Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the

edge of the North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of the Labrador Current As the currents brush each other, they stir up minerals from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating

in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth

4

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of northwestern Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy was based on Europeans arriving, catching fish for a few months in the summer, and then taking fish back to European markets Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight

in the fishing villages dotting the coast Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St.John’s They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out

of more than 600 villages around the long coastline In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and

thought that overfishing was impossible However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed The slump lasted for the next few decades Then, when an international agreement in 1977 established the 200-mile offshore fishing limit, the Canadian government decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish-processing plant workers

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off In 1922 the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of teeming fish By 2008, cod stocks were still a historically low levels and showed

no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing Some fishermen blamed the disminished stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame There have been occasional signs of hope For example, studies on fish populations show that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had simply migrated to a different region Still, in the early twenty-first century, it remains uncertain whether or when the cod will return to Grand Banks or the moratorium will end

41 The word shoals in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A shallow

B currents

C mountains

D islands

42 What physical process occurs in the region of the Grand Banks?

A Underwater hot springs heat the water

B Warm and cold currents come together

C Nutrient-rich water flows in from rivers

D Tides transport plankton and small fish

5

43 Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence

in paragraph 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

A Millions of cod come to the Grand Banks every year to feed on the abundant supplies

of herring and other small fish

B The Grand Banks used to have the world’s largest concentration of cod because of favorable natural conditions

C The Grand Banks is the only place on Earth where cod are known to come together in extremely large groups

D The environmental resources of the Grand Banks have made many people wealthy from cod fishing

44 The squares {◼} indicate A, B, C, D, respectively in paragraph 5 Where could the following sentence could be added to the paragraph ?

They suspected this was because the offshore draggers were taking so many cod that the fish did not have a chance to migrate inshore to reproduce

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off ◼ In 1922 the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing ◼ Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover ◼ The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish ◼ Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work

45 Why does the author mention Newfoundland’s national dish in paragraph 2?

A To encourage the development of tourism in Newfoundland

B To describe the daily life of people in Newfoundland

C To stress the economic and cultural significance of cod

D To show that Newfoundland used to be a separate country

46 All of the following statements characterized Newfoundland’s cod fishery in the past EXCEPT:

A Fishers were dependent on merchants in the capital

B Cod were the foundation of the island’s economy

C Fishers competed with farmers for natural resources

D Cod were placed on wooden “flakes” for drying

47 The word replenish in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A defend

B repair

C reproduce

D improve

48 What event first signaled the overfishing of the Atlantic cod?

A The failure of cod to support thousands of fishers in the 1930s

B The merging of seafood companies into one huge conglomerate

C An increase in the number of fishers and fish-processing plants

D The government moratorium on cod fishing during the 1990s

49 Why did the Canadian government decide to build up the Grand Banks fishing fleet?

A The 200-mile limit was seen as an economic opportunity

B There had not been enough boats to handle all the fish

C The shipbuilding sector of the economy was in a slump

D Canada faced stiff competition from other fishing nations

50 It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that the author most likely believes which of the following about the future of the Atlantic cod fishery?

A The fishery will improve if the government lifts the fishing ban

6

B It may be a long time before cod stocks recover from overfishing

C The center of the Atlantic cod fishery will shift to Norway

D The cod will return to the Grand Banks if seal hunting is allowed

41 A 42 B 43 B 44.A 45 C 46 C 47 C 48 A 49 A 50 B

51-60 READING 2

Read the following passage and choose the best answers

Monarch Migration

The Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), which inhabits regions from the northern area

of South America through The United States to southern Canada in North America, is a

well-known garden butterfly It is easily spotted because of its bright orange and black coloring

and large size; its popular name means “king,” in fact Adult Monarch butterflies lay eggs on

the milkweed plant, which provides food for the newly hatched caterpillars when they

emerge

The Monarch is perhaps best known for its unusual life cycle and dramatic migration habits Not only do Monarchs go through the four stages of life typical for a butterfly – the egg; the larva, or caterpillar; the pupa, or chrysalis; and the adult butterfly – but the also go through four generations in one year

The first generation of Monarchs hatches from eggs in March and April The caterpillars eat the milkweek plant and do little else; in about two weeks , the caterpillars are ready to create a chrysalis Once inside the chrysalis, the former caterpillar transforms into the adult butterfly, a process that takes about ten days After the adult buterflies have emerged from the chrysalis, they lay eggs for the next generation An adult Monarch butterfly lives for only two

Great clouds of fourth-generation Monarchs migrate from the cold regions in the north and east to warmer regions in the south and west Although they are not the only butterflies to

do so, migration is more commonly associated with birds In fact, most other adult butterflies

in North America die in the winter, leaving their chrysalises to winter over This fourth generation of Monarchs, though, lives not for a few weeks but for six to eight months, long enough to lay the eggs for the new first generation

Monarchs actually have two reasons for migrating: one is because they could not survive the cold winter temperatures, and the second is because milkweed plants also die in winter While Monarchs are the only butterfly to migrate both south in the fall and back north in the spring, the generation that moves north is not the same one that flew south, but rather the first generation of the next year No one is sure how the new generation of Monarchs knows the way back north – current theories include the notion that flight patterns are inherited from previous generations, and also that the insects are guided by the sun or by magnetic fields from the Earth’s surface – but they do, and the next cycle of four generations begins again The migration path of the Monarchs can stretch for 2,500 miles (4,023 kilometers) Monarchs in the United States that live to the west of Rocky Mountains migrate to southern California, while those that live to the east winter in Mexico Interestingly, the Monarchs settle in the same trees in their winter spots every year – even though it is different butterflies that make the trip each year How this happens is not yet fully understood However, a major

threat to Monarch butterflies is the removal of these perennial nesting trees for reads,

housing, and the other development projects