THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD GRAMMARTRANSLATIONMETHOD

The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method● To be able to read literature written in the target language ● To develop students' minds The Principles... Some characteris

_ GROUP 1 _

THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION

METHOD

_ GROUP 1 _

• Pham Thao Quynh Anh

• Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep

• Doan Thi Minh Huyen

• Phan Le Yen Nhi

• Nguyen Lam Kieu Oanh

01 Introduction

GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

• Derived from the traditional method of teaching Greek and Latin

• Called the Classical Method (Chastain 1988)

• Purpose: helping students read and appreciate foreign language literature

• Carried out through the means of translating both into and from the mother tongue

• Based on the written word and texts

Sample Demonstration

02

Unit 7 Endangered species

NEW WORDS

• /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl.i/

• (Adv)

• Trầm trọng

• /ˌoʊvɚˈfɪʃ/

• (Verb)

• Đánh bắt quá mức

• /fens/-/ɒf/

• (Phr)

• Rào lại

• /ˈpred.ə.tər/

• (Noun)

• Động vật ăn thịt

Sea turtles

Sea turtles have lived in the world’s oceans for more than 100 million years However, they have become endangered or critically endangered largely because of overfishing, loss of nesting habitat and climate change Living in warm water, sea turtles migrate hundreds of miles between their feeding grounds and the beaches where they nest and lay eggs Aware of sea turtles’s behaviour, Malaysian local authorities have made efforts to restore their population Many sea turtle natural reserves have been set up in Teregganu, Pahang, Sabah and other places

to carry out different projects to save the species The turtles centres are designated as protected areas, and no visitors are allowed on the beaches at certain times of the year This helps to ensure a safe breeding ground for turtles when they come to land to lay eggs Turtles enclosures near the beach are fenced-off not only to stop human poachers from stealing the eggs, but also

to save baby turtles from natural predators like birds, crabs and lizards Programmes to raise public awareness are also conducted by the turtle centre to educate visitors on the critical need

to protect sea turtles, their eggs, baby turtle and their habitat These efforts are made in the hope

of preserving the species and maintaining the ecological balance.

Sea turtles

(1)Sea turtles have lived in the world’s oceans for more than 100 million years (2)However, they have become endangered or critically endangered largely because of overfishing, loss of nesting habitat and climate change (3)Living in warm water, sea turtles migrate hundreds of miles between their feeding grounds and the beaches where they nest and lay eggs (4)Aware of sea turtles’s behaviour, Malaysian local authorities have made efforts to restore their population (5)Many sea turtle natural reserves have been set up in Teregganu, Pahang, Sabah and other places to carry out different projects to save the species (6)The turtles centres are designated as protected areas, and no visitors are allowed on the beaches at certain times of the year (7)This helps to ensure a safe breeding ground for turtles when they come to land to lay eggs (8)Turtles enclosures near the beach are fenced-off not only to stop human poachers from stealing the eggs, but also to save baby turtles from natural predators like birds, crabs and lizards (9)Programmes to raise public awareness are also conducted by the turtle centre to educate visitors on the critical need to protect sea turtles, their eggs, baby turtle and their habitat (10)These efforts are made in the hope of preserving the species and maintaining the ecological balance.

1 What are the causes of the endangered sea turtles?

2 What local government efforts have been made to restore sea turtle populations?

3 The sea turtle sanctuaries has been fenced off for what purpose?

QUESTIONS

1 What are the causes of the endangered sea turtles? QUESTION

ANSWER

 Overfishing, loss of nesting habitat and climate

change

2 What local government efforts have been made to restore sea turtle populations?

QUESTION

ANSWER

 Many sea turtle natural reserves have been set up.

 Turtles enclosures near the beach are fenced-off.

3 The sea turtle sanctuaries has been fenced off for what purpose?

Critically Trầm trọng Overfish Đánh bắt quá mức Fence-off Rào lại

Predator Động vật ăn thịt

The Principles

03

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

● To be able to read literature written in the target language

● To develop students' minds

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

● The authority in the classroom

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

● Do as the teacher says

● Leaners interact with the teacher, not with each other

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

4 Some characteristics of the teaching/learning process

● Use the students' native language

● Translate from one language to another

● Students study grammar deductively

● Students memorize vocabulary and grammar rules

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

4 Some characteristics of the teaching/learning process

5 The nature of student-teacher interaction and student student interaction

● Most of the interaction in the classroom is from the teacher to the students.

● Little student-student interaction

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

4 Some characteristics of the teaching/learning process

5 The nature of student-teacher interaction and student student interaction

6 Emphasized areas of language and language skills

● Areas of language which are developed are Vocabulary and grammar

● Language skills which are emphasized are Reading and writing

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

4 Some characteristics of the teaching/learning process

5 The nature of student-teacher interaction and student student interaction

6 Emphasized areas of language and language skills

7 The role of the students' native language

● The meaning of the target language is made clear by translating it into the

students' native language

The Principles

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

4 Some characteristics of the teaching/learning process

5 The nature of student-teacher interaction and student student interaction

6 Emphasized areas of language and language skills

7 The role of the students' native language

8 Evaluation

● Students are asked to translate from their native language to the target language

● Questions relate to the target culture or questions that ask students to apply

grammar rules

1 The goals of teachers who use the grammar translation method

2 The role of the teachers

3 The role of the learners

4 Some characteristics of the teaching/learning process

5 The nature of student-teacher interaction and student student interaction

6 Emphasized areas of language and language skills

7 The role of the students' native language

8 Evaluation

9 Teacher respond to student error

● If a student's answer to a question is incorrect, the teacher selects a different

student to give the correct answer or he/she replies himself/herself

The Principles

The Techniques

04

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

• Translate a reading passage from the target language into their mother tongue

• The passage may be excerpted from some work from the target language

literature or it can be written carefully and designed to include particular grammar rules and vocabulary by teachers

• Provides the focus for several classes: vocabulary and grammatical structures

• The translation could be written or spoken or both

NOTE: Shouldn’t translate idioms and the like literally

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

• Students answer the questions in the target language based on their

understanding of the reading passage

• The questions are often sequenced

o Factual specific or closed questions

o Students have to answer the questions even though the answers are not

contained in the passage itself

o The third group of questions requires students to relate the passage to their

own experience

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

3 Antonyms/ Synonyms

• Student are asked to find either antonyms or synonyms for a particular set of

words in the reading passage

• Students may be asked to define a set of words based on their understanding of

them as they occur in the reading passage

• Students may be asked to work with the vocabulary of the passage

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

3 Antonyms/ Synonyms

4 Cognates

• Students are taught to recognize cognates by learning the spelling or sound patterns

that correspond between the languages

• Students are also asked to memorize words that look like cognates but have meanings

in the target language that are different from those in the native language

The Techniques

4 Cognates

Examples for false cognates (similar sound, similar pronunciation but don’t mean the same)

The Techniques

4 Cognates

Examples for cognates (similar sound, similar pronunciation and have the same meaning)

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

3 Antonyms/ Synonyms

4 Cognates

5 Deductive application of rule

• Teachers: Grammar rules are presented with examples

• Students: apply some different examples when understand rule

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

3 Antonyms/ Synonyms

4 Cognates

5 Deductive application of rule

6 Fill-in-the-blanks

• Giving students a series of sentences with words missing

• Asking students fill in the blanks

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

8 Use words in sentences

• Teachers: Teaching new words and teaches how to make up a sentences

• Students: Making up sentences by using the new words

The Techniques

1 Translation of a literary passage

2 Reading comprehension questions

• Teachers give students a topic which is based on some aspect of the reading

passage of the lesson to write about in the target language

• Students are asked to prepare a summary of the reading passage instead of writing

a composition

The Techniques

05

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

- Require few specialized skills on

the part of teachers.

- Tests of grammar rules and of

translation are easy to construct

and can be objectively scored.

- Be successful in leading a student

towards reading knowledge in L2.

- Reduce stress for students

- Develop reading and writing skill

- Communication between the

teacher and the learners does not

cause linguistic problems.

- Nothing to enhance a student‘s communicative ability in L2.

- Foreign language learning is a tedious experience

- The method has no advocates.

- Little stress is paid on accurate pronunciation.

- Students work hard without much progress

• Requires pedagogical method  use in different manners.

• Not allow students apply in communication in a flexible and appropriate manner.

• Teacher should be aware of the suitable method.

Conclusion

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