CÂU GIÁN TIẾP REPORTED SPEECH I KHÁI NIỆM Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp • Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là nói chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (còn gọi là trích dẫn) Lời của ngư[.]
Trang 1CÂU GIÁN TIẾP REPORTED SPEECH
I KHÁI NIỆM
Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp
• Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech): là nói chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (còn gọi
là trích dẫn) Lời của người nói sẽ được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép
Ví dụ: She said ,” The exam is difficult” "The exam is difficult" là lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp
• Lời nói gián tiếp – câu tường thuật (indirect speech): Là thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép
Ví dụ: Hoa said,”I want to go home” -> Hoa said she wanted to go home là câu gián tiếp (indirect speech)
II CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá đơn giản, chúng ta chỉ
cần ghép nội dung tường thuật ở phía sau câu nói và hạ động từ của nó xuống một cấp quá khứ, đại từ được chuyển đổi cho phù hợp Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý một số vấn
đề sau:
+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì (tense) của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp
Ví dụ:
- He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”
⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week
Trang 2+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tắc sau:
• Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp
Present simple
Present perfect
Past simple
will
can
must/ have to
may
Trang 3Chủ ngữ
Tân ngữ
Đại từ sở hữu
Đại từ sở hữu
Đại từ chỉ định
• Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:
Trang 4NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy động từ gần chủ
ngữ nhất giảm xuống 1 cột tức là:
• Động từ ở cột 1 thì giảm xuống cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi không phải là đông
từ bất quy tắc)
• Động từ cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3
• Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước
Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý một số trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì động từ:
• Nói về chân lý, sự thật
• Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
• Trong câu có năm xác định
Trang 5• Các câu có cấu trúc sau: if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high time, IF loại 2, 3
III CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
1 Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V
• says/say to + O -> tells/tell + O
• said to + O ->told+O
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his work
2 Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
a.Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry
b.Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V
* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O
* said to + O -> asked + O
Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher -> The teacher asked us what
we were talking about
Trang 63 Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh
*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-infinitive
Ex: ”Please wait for me here, Mary
”Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there
*Phủ định: : S + told + O + not to-infinitive
Ex: ”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us –>The teacher told us not to talk in class
* Một số dạng câu tường thuật đặc biệt
-> SHALL/ WOULD dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:
Tom asked: 'Shall I bring you some tea?'
-> Tom offered to bring me some tea
Tom asked: 'Shall we meet at the theatre?'
-> Tom suggested meeting at the theatre
-> WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:
Tom asked: 'Will you help me, please?'
-> Tom asked me to help him
Jane asked Tom: 'Can you open the door for me, Tom?'
-> Jane asked Tom to open the door for her
IV BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked
She asked
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us
Martin asked us
3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
He asked
Trang 74. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend
She asked her boyfriend
6. "What are they doing?" she asked
She wanted to know
7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me
He wanted to know
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to know
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me
She asked me
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me
My friend asked me
11. "What's the time?" he asked
→ He wanted to know
12. "When will we meet again?" she asked me
→ She asked me
13. "Are you crazy?" she asked him
→ She asked him
14. "Where did they live?" he asked
→ He wanted to know
15. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her
→ He asked her
16. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me
→ She asked me
17. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked
→ The teacher wanted to know
18. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him
→ She wanted to know
19. "Did you see that car?" he asked me
→ He asked me
20. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins
→ The mother asked the twins
21. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said
→ The teacher told Joe
22. "Be patient," she said to him
→ She told him
23. "Go to your room," her father said to her
→ Her father told her
Trang 824. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us
25. "Give me the key," he told her
→ He asked her
26. "Play it again, Sam," she said
→ She asked Sam
27. "Sit down, Caron" he said
→ He asked Caron
28. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said
→ The receptionist asked the guest
29. "Take off your shoes," she told us
→ She told us
30. "Mind your own business," she told him
31. "Don't touch it," she said to him
→ She told him
32. "Don't do that again," he said to me
→ He told me
33. "Don't talk to me like that," he said
→ He told her
34. "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him
→ She warned him
35. "Don't let him in," she said
→ She told me
36. "Don't go out without me," he begged her
→ He begged her
37. "Don't forget your bag," she told me
→ She told me
38. "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said
→ The chemistry teacher told his students
39. "Don't give yourself up," he advised her
→ He advised her
40. "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said
→ She told the boys
Bài 2: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive
1. She said, "Go upstairs."
→ She told me
Trang 92. "Close the door behind you," he told me.
→ He told me
3. "Don't be late," he advised us
→ He advised us
4. "Stop staring at me," she said
→ She told him
5. "Don't be angry with me," he said
→ He asked her
6. "Leave me alone," she said
→ She told me
7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us
→ She warned us
8. "John, stop smoking," she said
→ She told John
9. "Don't worry about us," they said
→ They told her
10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said
→ He asked me
11. He said, "I like this song."
→ He said
12. "Where is your sister?" she asked me
→ She asked me
13. "I don't speak Italian," she said
→ She said
14. "Say hello to Jim," they said
→ They asked me
15. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said
→ He said
16. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said
→ She told the boys
17. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him
→ She asked him
18. "I never make mistakes," he said
→ He said
19. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know
→ He wanted to know
20. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience
→ The stuntman advised the audience
21. "I was very tired," she said
→ She said
Trang 1022. "Be careful, Ben," she said.
→ She told Ben
23. "I will get myself a drink," she says
→ She says
24. "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me
→ He wondered
25. "I cannot drive them home," he said
→ He said
26. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says
→ She asks Peter
27. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me
→ She asked me
28. He said, "Don't go too far."
→ He advised her
29. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us
→ He wanted to know
30. "Don't make so much noise," he says
→ He asks us
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked
She asked
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us
Martin asked us
3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
He asked
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter
The mother asked her daughter
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend
She asked her boyfriend
6. "What are they doing?" she asked
She wanted to know
7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me
He wanted to know
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to know
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me
She asked me
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me
My friend asked me
11. "What's the time?" he asked
→ He wanted to know
Trang 1112. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.
→ She asked me
13. "Are you crazy?" she asked him
→ She asked him
14. "Where did they live?" he asked
→ He wanted to know
15. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her
→ He asked her
16. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me
→ She asked me
17. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked
→ The teacher wanted to know
18. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him
→ She wanted to know
19. "Did you see that car?" he asked me
→ He asked me
20. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins
→ The mother asked the twins
21. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said
→ The teacher told Joe
22. "Be patient," she said to him
→ She told him
23. "Go to your room," her father said to her
→ Her father told her
24. "Hurry up," she said to us
→ She told us
25. "Give me the key," he told her
→ He asked her
26. "Play it again, Sam," she said
→ She asked Sam
27. "Sit down, Caron" he said
→ He asked Caron
28. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said
→ The receptionist asked the guest
29. "Take off your shoes," she told us
→ She told us
30. "Mind your own business," she told him
31. "Don't touch it," she said to him
→ She told him
Trang 1232. "Don't do that again," he said to me.
→ He told me
33. "Don't talk to me like that," he said
→ He told her
34. "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him
→ She warned him
35. "Don't let him in," she said
→ She told me
36. "Don't go out without me," he begged her
→ He begged her
37. "Don't forget your bag," she told me
→ She told me
38. "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said
→ The chemistry teacher told his students
39. "Don't give yourself up," he advised her
→ He advised her
40. "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said
→ She told the boys
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.
1 “Open the door,” he said to them
- He told them
2 “Where are you going?” he asked her
- He asked her where
3 “Which way did they go?” he asked
- He asked
4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her
- I told
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us
- She told
6 “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her
- I asked her
7 “He’s not at home”, she said
- She said that
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked
- The girl wanted to know
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said
- Tom told Ann
Trang 1310 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.
- He asked
11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked
- Thomas asked Jean
12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said
- I told Mary
13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said
She said that
14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said
- She said that
15 “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked
- She asked us
16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack
- He told Jack that
17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked
- Tom asked Jean
18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said
- He said that
19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us
- He told us
20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him
- I asked him how long
21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me
- She wanted to know
22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us
- She asked us
23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me
- She invited me
24 “Don’t do it again,” she said to them
She told them
25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked
- She asked
26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said
- She told
27 “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked
- Mary asked
28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter
- Peter asked if
29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager
- The office manager wondered
Trang 1430 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
- John advised Elizabeth
31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John
- John accused
32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary
- Mary accused
33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley
- The nurse asked Mrs Bingley
34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said
- The doctor advised
35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself
- Tim wondered
36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan
- Paul apologized
37 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked
- Martha asked Peter when
38 “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother
- Anna asked 39 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said
- William’s mother told
40 “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs Rogers to her son
- Mrs Rogers told
41 “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George
- George said
42 “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car
- Martin apologized
43 “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us
- The landlady asked
44 “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary
- Mary asked
45 “Breakfast will not be served after 9 30” said the notice
- The notice said that
46 “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
- I asked
47 “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me
48 “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys
- The teacher told the boys………
49 “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr Simpson