Reported speech or Indirect speech Lời nói gián tiếp Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.. would + V without to Vo
Trang 1B NỘI DUNG
I Định nghĩa:
1 Direct speech (Lời nói trực tiếp)
Lời nói trực tiếp là sự nhắc lại chính xác những từ của người nói Lời nói trựctiếp thường được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau đông từ chính có dầu phẩy (,) hoặcdấu hai chấm (:)
Examples:
Minh said, “I am a good student.”
“I will go to his party”, she said
2 Reported speech or Indirect speech (Lời nói gián tiếp)
Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói Lời nói gián tiếp không đặt trong trong dấu ngoặc kép
Minh said (that) he was a good student
She said (that) she would go to his party
II Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ lời trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1 Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:
Đại từ nhân xưng Chủ ngữ
Tân ngữ
Trang 22 Thay đổi về thì và các động từ tình thái: (tenses and modal verbs )
1 Present Simple: V1 1 Past Simple: V2/ed
Ex1: Nam said “I am told to be at EX1: Nam said (that) he was told to be atschool before 7 o’clock” school before 7 o’clock
Ex2: He said “ I like beer” Ex2: He said (that) He liked beer
2 Present Progressive: 2 Past Progressive:was/were+Ving
Ex: He said “I’m watching TV”
3 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
3 Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed Ex: He said (that) I had just bought a new
book Ex: He said “ I have just bought a new
Trang 3download by : skknchat@gmail.com
4 Past Simple: V2/ed
Ex: They said “ We came by car ”
5 Past Progressive: was/were +
V-ing Ex: He said “I was sittV-ing in the park
at 8 o’clock”
6 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: She said “ My money had run
Ex: They said (that) they had come by car
5 was/were+V-ing or Past Perfect progressive
Ex:-He said ( that ) he was sitting in the park at 8 o’clock”
- He said ( that )he had been sitting in the park at 8 o’clock”
6 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: She said ( that) her money had run out
7 would + V without to ( Vo)
Ex: Lan said ( that) she would phone me
* Chú ý: Một số trường hợp không đổi thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp:
- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn,
Trang 4Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is
difficult” He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text
is difficult
3
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Trang 5- Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý hoặc một hành động lặp lại thường xuyên, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East
He said, ‘My father always drinks coffee after dinner’ He
said (that) his father always drinks coffee after dinner
- Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:Giữ nguyên thi không thay đổi.
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”
She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed
his exam.”
The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam
Tuy nhiên nếu lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều hiện loại 1 thì được chuyển sang loại 2
ở lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: The advertisement said; “If you answer the questions correctly, you may
win one million dollar”
The advertisement said that I might win one million dollar If I answered
the questions correctly
- Không thay đổi thì của:
Could, would, might, should
Ought, had better, need trong câu nói gián tiếp
Nhưng must -> had to/ must
Eg: She said; “I could do the homework She said the she could do the homework
- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980” he said that he was born in 1980.
3 Thay đổi về các từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn: (Changes in time and place words/ Now and here Words.)
Trang 6Direct speech Reported speech
after / a day later
week after/ a week later
* Lưu ý:
Ngoài những thay đổi về thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian còn có những thay đổi về đại
từ xưng hô (personal pronouns), về dấu câu, …
This đi trước một từ chỉ thời gian như morning, week, month, … thì được đổi
thành that.
He said, “I am going shopping this morning.” (direct speech)
He said that he was going shopping that morning (reported speech)
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Trang 7This, That (determiner) đi trước từ chỉ người và sự vật thì được đổi thành The.
III Các loại câu tường thuật:
1 Tường thuật lại một lời trực tiếp xác định hoặc phủ định : (Statements) a
Công thức chung:
said
S + said to +O + (that) + S + V (lùi thì)
told (O)
b Ví dụ: (Language focus Unit 8/ p.89 – English 10)
“I am going to Ho Chi Minh city soon.” (direct speech)
She said (that) she was going to Ho Chi Minh city soon (reported speech)
“I can’t help you because I have too much to do.” (direct speech)
She said to me (that) she can’t help me because she had too much to do (reported
speech)
Dùng động từ said (that) để tường thuật Nếu có đối tượng tiếp nhận việc tường thuật lại sự việc, ta dùng said to hoặc told để tường thuật.
Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu nếu có
Trang 8 Thay đổi trạng ngữ
d Bài tập tự luyện: Change this direct speech into reported speech:
2 “He works in a bank”
Trang 914 “I visited my parents at the weekend”
2 Tường thuật một câu hỏi
Yes/ No questions: Câu hỏi Yes/No thường bắt đầu bằng các trợ động từ
như: Do, Does, Did, Can, Could, Is, Am, Are, Will, Has, Have, Was, Were
(câu trực tiếp) S + asked / said “ Aux + S + ……… ? ”
(câu gián tiếp) S + ASKED + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V (lùi thì) Ngoài động từ asked (sb), ta có thể dùng một số động từ khác để tường
thuật như: wondered, wanted to know, required, …
b.Ví dụ
- “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me if he had arrived on time
- “Have you been to Paris?”
She asked me if I had been to Paris
- “Are you working tonight?”
She asked me if I was working that night
Trang 10c Các bước thực hiện:
Đảo trợ động từ ra sau chủ ngữ Nếu trợ động từ là do, does hoặc did thì ta bỏ đi nhưng phải nhớ lùi thì cho động từ chính và cuối câu không dùng dấu hỏi.
Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu nếu có
Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, trang ngữ chỉ nơi chốn d Bài
tập tự luyện
2 She asked; “Are you wearing your over coat, Ann?”
3 She asked us; “Are you angry?”
4 She asked; “Do you always go to church on Sundays?”
5 My aunt said; “Is a return ticket cheaper than two singles?”
6 The boss asked; “Are you a student?”
7 She said to me; “Did they tell you when they left?”
8 The teacher told boys; “Are you writing your name on the paper?”
9 My boyfriend asked me; “Can you say your name on the paper?”
10 Mr Green told Lan; “Do you write the report for me?”
11 Ann said to her; “Will you do your homework tonight?”
Wh-questions: Câu hỏi W/h thường bắt đầu bằng các từ như: what, why,
when, who, which, where, whose, how (much/many/often/old…)
(câu trực tiếp) S + asked / said “ Wh – word + Aux + S + ? ”
(câu trực tiếp) S + ASKED + (O) + Wh – Question word + S + V (lùi
thì) 9
Trang 11Ngoài động từ asked (sb), ta có thể dùng một số động từ khác để tường thuật
như: wondered, wanted to know, required, …
“What are you doing now?”, she said
She asked me what I was doing then
“When did you come back home?”
She asked me when I had come back home
Mở đầu nội dung được tường thuật bằng một nghi vấn từ trong câu hỏi trực tiếp
Đảo trợ động từ ra sau chủ ngữ Nếu trợ động từ là do, does, hoặc did thì ta bỏ đi nhưng phải lùi thì cho động từ chính và cuối câu không dùng dấu hỏi nữa.
Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu nếu có
Thực hiện biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
Trang 127 “Where will you live after graduation?”
3 Tường thuật lại một câu cầu khiến ( indirect commands, requests ) a Các
hình thức biểu hiện của câu cầu khiến:
- “Can you wait a moment, please?” he said
- “Could you tell me the way to the post office?” She said
- “Will you help me with my homework?” said Peter
- “Woud you like to join our Drama Group?” she said
- “Please turn on the lights?” said Lan
- “Would you mind cleaning the blackboard?” he said
- “I wonder if you can type this letter for me?” she said
- “Do you think you could help me?” she said
b Công thức chung: S + asked/ told + O + to/ not to – infinitive.
c Ví dụ:
- “Eat your dinner!”
She told me to eat my dinner
- “Don’t make a mess!”
She asked me not to make a mess
d Các bước thực hiện:
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Trang 13 Đưa động từ chính trong câu trực tiếp về hình thức “to-inf” nếu yêu cầu đó mang nghĩa khẳng định hoặc “not to-inf” nếu yêu cầu đó mang nghĩa phủ
định
thì ta bỏ đi
trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Trang 144 Câu gián tiếp với động từ nguyên thể( Reported speech with to infinitive)
Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,… thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật và động từ nguyên mẫu sẽ dùng để truyền tải nội dung đó Cụ thể có các trường hợp như sau:
Động từ tường thuật + tân ngữ+ to V
*Động từ tường thuật: ask, advise, command, invite, order, recommend,
encourage, urge, warn, want, beg, persuade, remind , instruct …
Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out > He invited me to go out for a
( invited sb to V Mời ai … )
She said to me; “How about some > She invited me some coffee
coffee”
“I will look after the house for you if you -> He offered to look after the house
( Offered to V đề nghị ai làm gì…)
Ex: She said, “Can you lend me your > She asked me to lend her my
book?” ( asked sb to V yêu cầu ai làm gì book
? )
Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring > She reminded me to ring her up
me up tomorrow evening” the next eveining ( Nhắc ai làm gì )Ex: “You should study harder,” my > My mother advised me to study
Động từ tường thuật + động từ nguyên mẫu (to V)
* động từ tường thuật :agree, demand, hope, promise, threaten, offer, refuse, decide
Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” -> He agreed to wait for me
he said
Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my -> He refused to lend me his car.
car”
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Trang 153 “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight?” Mike said to Linda Mike
Trang 1610 “Would you like to come with me?” John said to Mary.
Trang 17- Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi … Thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, ta thường dùng động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ theo sau nó để truyền tải nội dung lời nói trên.Cụ thể có các trường hợp sau:
Động từ tường thuật + V-ing * Động từ tường thuật:deny, admit,
suggest, regret
Ex: He said to me; “Let’s -> He suggested going home
go home”
Động từ tường thuật + giới Động từ tường thuật: : dream of, object to,
từ + Ving… insist on, complain about, think of, look
forward to
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics -> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her
exercise,” Peter said to Susan physics exercise
“I’ll drive you to the station I -> Peter insisted on driving Linda to theinsist,” Peter said to Linda station
“I want to pass the exam with flying -> John dreamed of passing the exam
Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + tân ngữ * Động từ tường thuật: thank sb for,
sb for, warn sb against, prevent sb from, stop sb from…
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. -> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Thank you very much,”
Trang 18Tom said to you.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said > Peter apologised for being late.
Ex3: John said, “I heard you received the > John congratulated me on receiving the
scholarship Congratulations!” scholarship
Ex4: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out -> Her mother prevented Jane from going
tonight,” her mother said to Jane out that night
Ex5: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said > I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone
Ex6: “You took some of my money,” he > He accused me of taking some of his
Bài tập tự luyện: Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with Gerund
1 “Why don’t we organize an English competition for our student?” said Ms Lien Ms Lien suggested
Trang 1912 “You stole the jewels,” the inspector said to him.
The inspector accused
Trang 20Choose the best answer
1 He said he……… at the “Ritz” Hotel
A.is staying B has stayed C was staying D will stay
2 He asked me where I………
3 I thought that I ………….my work at that time
A shall finish B will finish C should D will have finish
finish
4 He wondered if she lived……….with her parents
5 They wondered………she would come if it rained
6 He says he………… at school two years ago
working
7 Victor said he………….very busy
8 I asked Hoa if she……… Chinese
9 Tina asked me how long I……… a teacher
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Trang 2110 She asked me……….I liked pop music.
11 The students asked if I was going to teach them physics………
12 I want to know he…………for her birthday
13 She said she………….come to the party on Friday
14 Chris asked me where my car………
15 Mr Jim said that he……….happy with his new assistant
16 He said that John……….up his job
17 She said that she ………to learn to drive
18 I knew that he……….a very clever man
19 They said they……….us if we needed
20 “Go home,” said the teacher to us.
A The teacher told us to go home
C The teacher told us go home
B The teacher said us to go home D
The teacher told to us to go home
21 “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said Granny to Helen A Granny told
Helen not forget to clean her teeth
B Granny told Helen not to forget to clean her teeth
C Granny told Helen to not forget to clean her teeth
D Granny said Helen not to forget to clean her teerh
22 “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress A He asked the
waitress bring him some fish soup
B He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup
Trang 22C He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup.
D He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup
23 “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman A The woman said that
man had spoken to me on the road B The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road C The woman said that man spoke to her on the road
D The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road
24 I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
A I asked Nick where was he going
C I asked Nick where is he going
B I asked Nick where he was going
D I asked Nick where he is going
25 “If I were you, I’d try to get a room on the top of floor,” he said A He
advised me to try to get a room on the top floor
B He advised me to try getting a room on the top floor C
He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor D He
suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor
26 “I’ll wait for you if you like,” she said.
A She offered to wait for me
C She suggested she waited for me
B She said she’d wait for me if I liked
D A&B are correct
27 “Remember to switch off when you’ve finished,” he said A He reminded me
to switch off when I’ve finished
B He reminded me to switch off when I’d finished
C He offered me to switch off when I’d finished D
He suggested me to switch off when I’d finished
28 “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother A My mother
advised me to apologise for being late
B My mother suggested me to apologise for being late
C My mother suggested apologising for being late
D My mother warned me to apologise for being late
29 “Could you check the oil, please?” I asked the mechanic.
A I invited the mechanic to check the oil B I asked the mechanic to check the oil
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