Japanese particle workbook 16

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6,

.Konban wa derarenai (tomo/no), Ashita shiken ga aru (tomo/mono),

| can't go out tonight | have an examination tomorrow, you know

.“Kore karite mo ii (kana/yara).” “li (tomo/mono ka).”

Poa 0D TC 6v9vv (21 PB)oE Move (b+ & Om), !

“| wonder if | can borrow this.” “Sure you can.”

M6 sanji da (wa/ze) Chotto yasunde o-cha demo nom6 (z0/ya)

BSOIINZ Cb: t#) BELOEMRATHRACEKSED (S- ), It’s already three o'clock Let's take a break and have tea or something

Daigaku ni haitta mono no, itsu sotsugy6 dekiru (tara/yara)

KECK ADK bOOD, WORKHDRS ŒB P45),

Although he entered college, | wonder when he'll be able to graduate

Hen da (zo/sa) Michi o machigacta (ze/kana) KES (@ + BS), HEI A 7 (ire)

Strangel | wonder if we took the wrong road

Kiny6bi made ni kono shigoto o sumase (yo/ya/tara)

MEME Cll COT ei Kab (k (59: E5)o

Why not finish this work by Friday?

Buché ni tanomarete mo, konna shigoto ga dekiru (tomo/mono ka/yara) MBISCWLE ALT b CARPE S (£6 + BOD: PH),

Even if | were asked by the department head, | wouldn't do such a job

Chikatetsu de ikeba, nijuppun kakaru

JU PPR CTT OIE 1 aT eS ©

If you go by subway, it takes 20 minutes

Yasukereba, kaimasu

#Ø#u#lits$ 3

If it’s cheap, ll buy ít,

Mainichi sukoshi und6 sureba ii

EAD LM ‡Lfvsv*o You need only exercise a little every day

(3) Enumerates two or more actions or

gates: “both and,” “neither nor”

Jimu wa sashimi mo tabereba sushi

mo taberu

YAS LASANANETELBANS

Jim eats both sashimi and sushi

Sono niwa wa hiroku mo nakereba semaku mo nai

% 0# IS Š b # Ở 4UÄ)X S b V3, The garden is neither large nor small

(2) Indicates only icem, action or State: only, “nothing but, “just”

le ga goken bakari tatte imasu

RAHM OY Mo TOES

About five houses are being built

Mã SE Seo ees

Kare wa sake bakari nonde imasu

He is drinking nothing but sake

Kono shinamono wa yasui bakari desu

0/3 ⁄4vý\# >0 củc

This article is just cheap

(3) indicates an action just completed:

“Just done |

Kare wa okita bakari desu

FASE KTP Y CH,

He has just gotten up

(n the form balar! de pala “not only but aso.”

Kare wa Eigo bakari de naku Doitsu-

go mo hanasu

PELTED OCHS RAVE OTT

He speaks not only English but also German

(3) Indicates an extent or amount:

Fas as

ate the only action left to

M6 hikkoshi o suru bakari desu Arukeru dake aruita

SFNMLETSIEDY TT 204 80%

The only thing left for us to do is to | walked as much as | could,

move (We are ready to move.)

(6) In the form “bakari ni” emphasizes

Tabereba taberu dake futorimasu Kaze o hiita bakari ni, gaishutsu AARERAZSEVAO ETS dekinai

The more you eat, the fatter you become JRUAB 2 OW ZEA OC SETS ev,

Just because | caught a cold, | can't go out ——

(5) in the form dake de naku” “not only but also.”

ARI CR < fb Hore

ao ệ

dicates 5 limit on things or amounts: | bought not only beef but also fish

Otoko no ko dake (ga) kimashita

BOTKY DW) KEL

Only boys came

dake ni 7? Ì} \£

(1) Indicates a cause or reason: “as |

Hawai e ichido dake itta you might expect, “because

IND A N\A E/SUfio Ra I've been to Hawaii only once IchiryG no gaka dake ni, kanojo no ¢

wa subarashii

_ Q) Indicates a limit on an action or

3 ấy

state: only, “just

painter, her paintings are wonderful

Maiasa jtisu 0 ippai nomu dake da,

EW a A Ae PRK EE FEW ES

| just drink a glass of Juice every morning

Kono kéki wa amai dake desu

LO-FI CHRICT,

This cake is sweet, that’s all

dano ?Š Ø)

(2) Indicates for a pair of opposite

Kanojo wa inu dano neko dano(o) katte iru

MAKE OWED (%) filo TOS

She keeps a dog, a cat, and other animals

Nomu dano taberu dano odoru dano shita

KieKEORNSROMS ROLE

We did things like drinking, eating, dancing, and so on

Kanojo wa iku dano ikanai dano (to) itte iru

PAILS ROTM EORD (E)

TOTS

She says that she's going and then that she’s not going,

Gakusei wa kodo de kégi o kiite

imasu

OPES aa C as š IRÍ v 7C Vy #72 The students are listening to the lecture

in the auditorium

: to, °hị

Fune de Hawal e ikimashita

G27 4 xf†i #U¿

We went to Hawaii by boat

Kami de ningy6 o tsukurimasu

MCATB RMD ET

They make dolls with papaer

it or scope:

‘Tomu wa kurasu de ichiban ii gakusei desu

k 4 (x VÀ 2 ACH W VE CT

Tom is the best student in the class

4 Indicates a

cause or reason: “due

3 f ae ỹ : : a

Byöki de shigoto ni ikemasen

WAS CHETNC HTS Kb A

| can't go to work due to illness

(5) indicates co ditions: “with,” “by.”

Kodomo ga hadashi de hashitte iru

FRANZ LGIED TS

A child is running barefoot

oe

6) Limits numbers: h8,

Kono noto wa nisatsu de sanbyakuen

desu

AM CT

These notebooks are 300 yen for two

LO? — ple

Ninen de purojekuto o sumasemashita

MECTOY 2 bh BH HEELK

We finished the project in two years

() indicates thet time of completio n

or #nparion: : “as of.”

Kono biru wa sangatsu de kansei shimasu

COU MMEAN CIRMLEF

This building will be completed as of March

demo C¢ Š (1) Indicates

Sonna koto wa kodomo demo dekimasu

EA GANE FUE HDRES

Even a child can do such a thing

(2) Used with an interrogative word _ for positive emphasis: “anything,”

“anyone,” “any time, - “anywhere,” ete

Kono inu wa nan demo tabemasu

LOR CERNEF, This dog eats anything

Kono kigu wa dare demo tsukaeru

COMBAULENT SHAS, Anyone can handle this utensil

@ Indicates an item roughly: “

ee of a larger list: “ and what

O-cha demo ikaga desu ka

BRC SWVPACT AD,

Would you like a cup of tea or something?

4) Indicates two or more items as an HỌC `

Sara wa Nihongo demo Chũgokugo demo hanasemasu,

Sarah can speak Japanese, Chinese and other languages

dokoroka ¥ € 4d»

an «

(Fs rom, not to mention.”

Kare wa ie dokoro ka kuruma mo nai

Ø⁄\‡3 # Œ 2 ?ЛHí b AR,

He even doesn't have a car, not to men- tion a house

( Indic tes direction

Yamada-san wa Kyöto e itta

WUT S AEE AATF 9 te Mrs, Yamada went to Kyoto

(1) Indicates the subject

Koen ga arimasu

Z2Rloib 0 x#

There is a park

Dare ga kimashita ka

FEMDBKE LID

Who came?

{2} In the : w2 ega' construciion,

indicates the subject or the object of certain verbs and adjectives

Z6 wa hana ga nagai desu

SULA DEI TT Elephants have long trunks (As for ele- phants, their trunks are long.)

Jimu wa Nihongo ga hanasemasu

PIAS AUDA ET jim can speak Japanese

Watashi wa ii kamera ga hoshii

| want a good camera

(2) Used as a conjunction to connect two sentences: “but, “and

‘Tomu wa kimasu ga Biru wa kimasen

BAWKETAE VIZKEVA, Tom is coming, but Bill isn't coming

Watashi mo sono ciga o mimashita ga,

totemo yokatta desu

MdatoOwMe WE LEA, ETEKDOK

Cc tT

| also saw the movie, and found it very good

4) Indicates the sublect of a subordi- nate clause wren its diferent from the sublect of the main cause

Kare ga kita toki, watashi wa shokuji

o shite imashita

WAAR I AMATO LC ELE When he came, | was having a meal

(5) Indicates the subject of a relative

clause

Haha ga yoku kau mise wa asoko desu

BES WMOMW HE CCS

The store where my mother often shops ts over there

&) Lists conditions in spite of which

P :

the main verb is true: “even JE”

“whetber or not”

Ame ga furé ga yuki ga furo ga, watashi

wa ikimasu

DEA DD 1# 2 2 bì, fAldTr3 ở Even if it rains or snows, Ill go

Kare ga koyo ga komai ga, kaigi o hajimemasho

BPEL OAKE OD, BRK DEED

Whether he comes or not, let's start the

meeting,

(7) 1n the form “ga heyal ka” as soon

#

Heya ni hairu ga hayai ka, denté o tsuketa

WIAA SAMA, HET BOW ee

As soon as | entered the room, | turned

on the light

Kacho wa ima kaigichti desu ga

8l 3 SjãHIf€ TD, “

The section chief is now in the meeting (he's not available),

Anata wa gakusei desu ka

HBL CT AD, Are you a student?

hodo (x ¥

Q) indicates a choice c or alternative:

Hara-san ka Miki-san ga kuru desho Ringo ga muttsu hodo nokotte imasu IES ADERKSADKSTCLED~

DASARI EID TUE Fo Either Mr Hara or Mr Miki will come

About six apples are left

Tsukue no ue ni nani ka arimasu

Tomu hodo ii gakusei wa imasen BLO Lich O ET

There is no student as good as Tom

Dare ka kimashita

AMP KRELE,D

Someone came

Okirarenai hodo tsukarete imasu

l X b5 4# v33 #4 Cvv# 2

| am so tired that | can’t get up

Sumisu-san wa kuru deshé ka ALASAMRS CLEDD>

Shiken ga aru no ka Jimu wa yoku MU} t3 š t8 #4 4o benkyö shite imasu

The more you practice, the better you BARD DSODL ALE MMRLTTIOET, become

| wonder if Jim will have an exam — he is studying hard

‘Used in an embedded sentence, ndicates a question: “when,” wae :

Kaigi wa itsu aru ka oboete imasen

Bi kVO HS DUA TAP AWAY

| don’t remember when the meeting will

be held

Kare ga kuru ka d6 ka shirimasen

RAKE DE ADAY FA,

| don’t know whether he'll come or not

“ho

Ofisu ni hairu ka hairanai uchi ni

denwa ga natta

AT 4ACKASY

Hỗ ©2722

A BY BA DS

No sooner had | entered the office than the phone rang

a request, ora a question +Ó

ae

Ano mise wa nanji ni aku kana

ONG EADIE AC BH < Deze What time does that store open, | wonder

Kono isu o hakonde moraeru kana

LOWS RMACE SLAG

| wonder if you could carry these chairs,

and space: “from.”

starting point in:

Kaisha wa kuji kara hajimaru

SRS IU A 5 AE SW (Work at) the company begins at nine o'clock Ano fune wa gaikoku kara kita

dh OMNI 5 7 That ship came from a foreign country

(2) Indicates source e an maceral

Watashi wa Oda-san kara jishin no nyiisu o kiita

AMADIS ADP SMH Om 2 - ARO Ze

| heard the news about the earthquake from Mr Oda

Wain wa bud6 kara tsukuru

FAMEREDPAVES

Wine is made from grapes

(3) Used as a conjunction: alter,”

“since

Shawa 0 abite kara nemasu

YRI-BROTHROHET,

| go to bed after taking a shower

(4) Used as a conjunction, indicates a cause oF reason: because

Ashita shiken ga aru kara, konban benky6 shimasu

WALA AS bSDA Siew LES

Because | have an examination tomorrow,

Pll study tonight

: (8 lndicatos 3 đestre: 'Pd like” 9L

kashira 2? | ss

M6 sukoshi chiisai no ga hoshii no desu keredomo

HIVULPSVOMBKLUWIOTTUNE b, I'd like something a little smaller

Kare wa kuru kashira

PUSKSHLA

| wonder if he is coming

Kore tetsudatte moraeru kashira

LnhEEoThOLSYLS,

| wonder if you could help me with this

Asoko ni kuruma ga nidai kiri tomatte

keredomo pie (ea %)

conjunction: “but” <ˆ

iru

HECCWMAI AS YILEOTWS

Only two cars are parked there

Tomu wa kuru keredomo Jimu wa _(2) Indicates the last time a certain

bh ASKS ONE SY AREY, Tom is coming but Jim is not

Yamada-san wa are kiri kimasen

WHS Atk BAL OREA,

Miss Yamada hasn't come since then,

3 Indicates a preliminary remark

Oda desu keredomo, Hara-san wa irasshaimasu ka

IMUCTIRE & SAK BOL®

| am Oda Is Mr Hara here?

Rainen koso Igirisu e ikitai desu

HEL ZA EV ANRC,

Next year for sure, I'd like to go to England

O-kane ga ireba koso, yoru mo Sono niwa wa gorufujo kurai okii

hataraite iru no desu

it's because | really need the money that I'm working nights as well

SOMES DVT S BW KEW, The garden is as big as a golf course

koto € &

Hiragana kurai yomemasu

DAES HvrvsHD ET,

| can read as much as hiragana

Ma, hana ga utsukushii koto Nodo ga itaku naru kurai utatta

Oh, how beautiful the flowers are! | sang so much that my throat hurt

Q) A sentence-final a

to indic

Kaimono ni ikanai koto

WMI TED BOS Lo

Shall we go shopping?

WE REAR EC RRL Ze

| studied until ten last night

le kara gakk6 made arukimasu

RD 3# # G12 3 # }

| walk from my house to the school

Shiken wa nijikan kurai kakatta

20 LTR < Gedo ke Kono kuruma wa gonin made noreru

LOW HA E CHG ¿ This car can take up to five people

The examination took about two hours

(3) Used with an imterrogative word: -

“nothing,” mm : mewhere” etc

Sensei made kégi ni shusseki shita Soko ni wa nani mo arimasen

Even teachers attended the lecture There is nothing there

Dare mo kare no jiisho o shiranai

Nobody knows his address

Kono repoto Wa yomu made mo nai,

COVE— hb thie #6 Š #9

as many

There is no need to read this report

Hon o gosatsu mo kaimashita

AS % TUS BOE UZ

| bought as many as five books

Ike ni sakana wa ippiki mo imasen

There isn't even one fish in the pond Chichi wa isha desu Haha mo isha desu

QUEST, HSEECT

My father is a doctor My mother also is a doctor

Terebi o minai Rajio mo kikanai

Zztkwư#NÑ #\›*, 233 bjlÐs#\*¿

| don't watch TV | don't listen to the radio,

TRAE RVD.) MELWSDas)

“neither nor

Tomu mo Biru mo Nihongo o hanasu

hASEVEHAME HT

Both Tom and Bill speak Japanese

Kare wa tenisu mo gorufu mo shinai

ittZ=^ b 3172 bò #£\%

He plays neither tennis nor golf

Anna tokoro e nido to iku mono ka Yabe wa samukatta na

bA BINNIE LIT SO HERE ISTE D0 te te do I'll never go to such a place again How cold it was last night!

dicating

mono no ŠÖ 2Ø)

Kyo kanojo ga kuru to ii na

| wish she would come today

Sekky6 suru mono no, jikko wa muzukashii

MAT SOO, SATAY

Although you may preach it, it’s difficult to practice

Toshokan ni hon ya zasshi nado ga aru SEB IC ANP AER AS So

There are books and magazines (among other things) in the library

Ano ba wa takai na

HORNA,

That bar is expensive, isn’t it?

Kare wa gakkö o yameru nado to itte iru

{+ # 4b Š tt 6 È Bo CÀ! 6 ¿

He says something to the effect that he

is quitting school

: Q) A sentence-final particle Used by

mẹn to indicate prohibition.ˆ

Ima, iku na

TFS Be Don't go now