GET READYUNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH 1 Nouns 2 Collective Nouns 3 Verbs 4 Verb Phrases 5 Irregular Verb Forms 6 Pronouns 7 Indefinite Pronouns 8 Subject-Verb Agreement 9 Conjunctions 1
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Joanne Suter
Trang 3Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc.
Copyright © 2001 by Saddleback Publishing, Inc All rights reserved No part
of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below
Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Publishing, Inc © 2001
are intended for reproduction Saddleback Publishing, Inc grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher This permission
is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems
ISBN 1-56254-147-1
Printed in the United States of America
05 04 03 02 01 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
E-Mail: info@sdlback.com
Website: www.sdlback.com
Trang 4GET READY
UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH
1 Nouns
2 Collective Nouns
3 Verbs
4 Verb Phrases
5 Irregular Verb Forms
6 Pronouns
7 Indefinite Pronouns
8 Subject-Verb Agreement
9 Conjunctions
10 Adjectives
11 Choosing Appropriate Adjectives
12 Adverbs
13 Adverbs That Tell How, When, and Where
14 Choosing Appropriate Adverbs
15 Prepositions
16 Interjections
17 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misused Homonyms
18 Review
UNDERSTANDING THE SENTENCE
19 A Complete Thought
20 Four Kinds of Sentences
21 Compound Subjects
22 Compound Predicates
23 Using Phrases
24 Using Clauses
25 Using Direct and Indirect Objects
26 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misplaced Modifiers,
Dangling Phrases
27 Review
i
GET SET
DEVELOPING SENTENCES
28 Avoiding and Correcting Fragments I
29 Avoiding and Correcting Fragments II
30 Run-Ons I
31 Run-Ons II
32 Parallel Elements
33 Inverted Sentences
34 Active and Passive Verbs
35 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Malapropisms (Ludicrous Misuse of Words)
36 Review DEVELOPING PARAGRAPHS
37 Stating the Main Idea
38 Using Relevant Details
39 Using Facts and Examples
40 Comparing and Contrasting
41 Cause and Effect
42 Putting Detail Sentences in Order
43 Using Transitions
44 Review PREWRITING/IDEAS AND CONTENT
45 Determining Purpose
46 Narrowing Your Topic
47 Writing to Persuade
48 Writing to Inform
49 Writing to Describe
50 Writing to Instruct (How To)
51 Personal Interests
52 Personal Experiences
53 Brainstorming
Trang 554 Tone (Formal or Informal?)
55 Deciding on Point of View
56 Deciding on Verb Tense
57 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misplaced and
Dangling Modifiers
58 Review
WRITE
PRACTICAL WRITING
59 The Friendly Letter
60 Thank-You Letters
61 Sending Messages
62 The Business Letter
63 Addressing an Envelope
64 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misused Words
65 Review
CREATIVE WRITING
66 Expanding Sentences
67 Using Your Senses
68 Haiku
69 Writing About Pictures
70 Writing About People
71 LAUGH OUT LOUD! What’s in a Name?
72 Review
CHECKING YOUR WRITING
73 Spelling Demons
74 Double Trouble
75 Letters Often Left Out
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76 Capitalization I
77 Capitalization II
78 Commas I
79 Commas II
80 Punctuating Quotations I
81 Punctuating Quotations II
82 Unnecessary Repetition
83 Double Negatives
84 Proofreader’s Marks
85 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misspelled Words
86 Review
IMPROVING YOUR WRITING
87 Sentence Variety I: Varying Sentence Beginnings
88 Sentence Variety II: Combining Sentences
89 Sentence Variety III: Avoiding “And” Sentences
90 Concise Writing
91 Avoiding Mixed Comparisons
92 Recognizing Facts and Opinions
93 Qualifying Opinions
94 Making and Qualifying Generalizations
95 Word Choices
96 New Beginnings
97 Effective Endings
98 Writing Titles
99 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Headline Horrors
100 Review
Trang 6ANSWER KEY
UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH
1 NOUNS
A 1 Emily, PN; spy, CN 2 teenager, CN;
mission, CN 3 Emily, PN; shoes, CN; carpet,
CN 4 spy, CN; door, CN; bedroom, CN
5 Margo, PN; homework, CN; Emily, PN;
mother, CN 6 sneakiness, CN; Margo, PN;
sister, CN
B Answers will vary Possible answers:
2 Mrs Martin carefully explained the rules
3 Passengers were upset when Southern
Airlines canceled flights 4 Hawkins Sporting
Goods offered a refund to every unhappy
customer
2 COLLECTIVE NOUNS
A 2 a 3 b 4 e 5 d
B 1 Senate, has 2 family, needs 3 team, is
4 army, had 5 Carter, Committee, have
3 VERBS
A Verbs will vary 1 A, love 2 A, drank
3 S, is 4 S, is 5 A, prefer
B In my grandma’s living room was a portrait of
Elvis Presley on black velvet Everyone in the
family voiced an opinion about the picture.
Uncle Leo called it hideous Aunt Sally
groaned when she looked at it When I
looked at the picture, I felt happy I believed it
was the most beautiful thing in Grandma’s
house
4 VERB PHRASES
1 would carry 2 were used 3 have been
used 4 will release 5 will find 6 must
reach 7 must have been flying
5 IRREGULAR VERB FORMS
A ACROSS : 2 swam 5 ran 6 grew 7 tore
DOWN: 1 caught 2 sank 3 froze 4 sent
B 2 flew 3 drove 4 wrote
6 PRONOUNS
A 1 Karen, Marvin, president 2 teenagers,
yellow, Rudy 3 car, family, Charlene
B 1 it 2 They 3 its 4 one
7 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
A 2 S, Each, has been given 3 S, Everybody, is
4 P, Some, don’t want 5 P, few, feel
6 P, Most, think 7 S, nobody, will be
B Answers will vary.
8 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
A Possible answers: 1 plays 2 run 3 rides
4 think
B 1 Percy plays in the basketball tournament
tomorrow 2 When do the teams celebrate their victories? 3 Some people like to play sports, and others prefer to watch 4 To build strength, Marlene uses weights in her training
9 CONJUNCTIONS
A 1 and 2 but 3 but 4 or
B 1 and 2 but 3 so
10 ADJECTIVES
A 1 ferocious 2 big 3 two 4 endangered
5 that
B Circled words in A: 1 look 2 cats 3 cubs
4 species 5 cub
C Answers will vary.
11 CHOOSING APPROPRIATE ADJECTIVES
A 1 huge 2 Rocky 3 fascinating 4 strong
5 massive 6 powerful 7 golden
8 magnificent 9 colorful
B 1 carefully 2 massive 3 famous (cross out
the e) 4 masterful
12 ADVERBS
A 1 swiftly 2 today 3 nearly
B 1 how 2 to what degree 3 where
4 when Circle: 1 furiously 2 completely
3 everywhere 4 Yesterday Underline: 1 rowed 2 drenched
3 rafted 4 took
C Answers will vary Possible answers:
1 Today 2 everywhere 3 quickly 4 very
13 ADVERBS THAT TELL HOW, WHEN, AND WHERE
A HOW? slowly, gladly, sweetly, hard, silently,
expertly WHEN? tomorrow, yesterday, now, soon, never, sometime
WHERE? here, near, outside, everywhere, far, nowhere
B 1 Yesterday 2 never 3 expertly
4 nowhere 5 gladly 6 tomorrow (or: now, soon, sometime)
14 CHOOSING APPROPRIATE ADVERBS
A 1 sideways 2 carefully 3 elderly
4 wisely 5 lengthwise 6 lightly
B 1 jointly 2 magically 3 deeply 4 heavily
5 graciously
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Trang 715 PREPOSITIONS
A 1 up 2 against 3 out 4 near 5 under
B 1 on the beach; position 2 down to the
storm cellar; direction 3 during the hurricane;
time 4 After the storm; time 5 in the
Midwest;position 6 from high winds; cause
16 INTERJECTIONS
A 1 ! 2 , 3 ! 4 ,
B 1 Gee 2 Ouch 3 Wait 4 My goodness
C 1 My goodness, 2 Hey! 3 Whew!
4 Well,
17 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misused Homonyms
2 bear=bare, adjective 3 weight=wait, noun
4 scent=cent, noun 5 steak=stake, noun
6 reel=real, adjective 7 cereal=serial,
adjective 8 blew=blue, adjective
18 REVIEW
A 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 T 7 F
B Possible answsers: 2 opened, verb
3 ridiculous, adjective 4 luckily, adverb
C Possible answsers: 1 under, preposition
2 Hurrah, interjection 3 Well, interjection
UNDERSTANDING THE SENTENCE
19 A COMPLETE THOUGHT
A 1 won 2 team 3 fans 4 was
B Answers will vary.
C Answers will vary.
20 FOUR KINDS OF SENTENCES
A 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a
B (.) (.) (!) (?) (.) (.)
21 COMPOUND SUBJECTS
A 1 Refrigerators and washing machines (use)
2 Jack and Janet (work) 3 biking or
carpooling (preserves) 4 wind and the sun
(create) 5 coal nor other fossil fuels (are)
6 Dad or the kids (pick)
B 2 Lia, Paul, and Mark conserve water.
3 Jerry and I collect newspapers
22 COMPOUND PREDICATES
A 1 wrote and mailed 2 will dance and sing
3 drive or walk 4 eat and visit
5 swam and played
B 1 assembled and baked 2 laughed and
cheered 3 ate and drank 4 barked and
begged 5 rent and watch 6 buy or pop
23 USING PHRASES
1 up the mountain 2 around midnight
3 should always wear 4 a tall, mysterious
stranger 5 one good reason 6 in his soup
7 with an open mouth 8 in the salesman’s
face 9 for boredom 10 will be playing
24 USING CLAUSES
A 1 rings 2 come 3 works 4 path
B Answers will vary Possible answers:
2 that has the best driver 3 During the storm 4 unless you have a permit
5 When the water is dirty
25 USING DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS
A Answers will vary.
B Answers will vary Possible answers:
2 The three judges gave Lisa first prize
3 George paid the cab driver six dollars
4 The defendant told the jury the truth
26 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misplaced Modifiers, Dangling Phrases
A 2 Leonard found his tennis trophy, after
years of it being lost 3 With binoculars, I could see a hawk flying above the treetops
4 I gobbled the pizza covered with melted cheese and spicy tomato sauce
B Answers will vary Possible answers:
2 Before I watch television, I have to finish
my homework 3 When she mixed whites and colors, her laundry turned a deep shade
of pink 4 As I drove across the prairie, I saw two eagles
27 REVIEW
A 1 d 2 e 3 b 4 g 5 f 6 a 7 c
B 1 period 2 question mark
3 capital letter 4 exclamation point
C 1 compound subject 2 phrase 3 clause
4 compound predicate
DEVELOPING SENTENCES
28 AVOIDING AND CORRECTING FRAGMENTS I
A 1 C 2 F 3 F 4 C 5 F 6 C 7 C 8 F
B 1 subject 2 verb 3 subject 4 subject
5 subject
29 AVOIDING AND CORRECTING FRAGMENTS II
A 1 Jane hurried faster, thinking she might
miss the bus 2 She stumbled on the curb and dropped her books 3 When Jane got
on the bus, she saw her friend 4 I can read
or sleep when I travel by bus 5 As the bus approached her stop, Jane pulled the buzzer
B Answers will vary Possible answers:
1 Carrying his heavy bags, Joe boarded the tour bus 2 He was looking for an empty seat by the window 3 The woman sitting behind him was snoring loudly 4 He stared
at the strange group of passengers getting off 5 He wondered why he liked riding buses so much
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Trang 830 RUN-ONS I
A 2 The huge model was built of wood, wire,
cloth, and metal It was covered with 40
bearskins 3 Audiences screamed as King
Kong descended upon New York They
believed he was real!
B 2 Models contain sensors, and the
technicians activate them by remote control
3 The operators can make the model
monster look sad, or they can make it look
fierce
31 RUN-ONS II
A Reports of the ape-like beast come from
around the world they seem to come mainly
from Pacific Northwest forests
According to observers, Bigfoot is 8 feet tall
he appears to weigh about 500 pounds
Many people claim to have spotted the
creature itself others report seeing his giant
footprints
Did people really see a bear were their eyes
fooled by tree stumps or shadows?
B 1 Reports of the ape-like beast come from
around the world They seem to come mainly
from Pacific Northwest forests
2 According to observers, Bigfoot is 8 feet
tall He appears to weigh about 500 pounds
3 Many people claim to have spotted the
creature itself, and others report seeing his
giant footprints
4 Did people really see a bear, or were their
eyes fooled by tree stumps or shadows?
32 PARALLEL ELEMENTS
A 2 he barked all night 3 be making a mess
4 be offering art classes
B 1 The cat scratched the burglar, and the dog
bit him 2 Great music and good
decorations made the party a hit
33 INVERTED SENTENCES
A 1 are 2 is 3 are
B 1 you 2 reasons 3 bag 4 group
C 1 come 2 are 3 do
34 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VERBS
1 Baseball fans will never forget April 8, 1974
2 That night Hank Aaron made baseball
history
3 Until then, Babe Ruth had held the major
league home run record
4 The catcher gave the sign for a fast ball
5 Mighty Aaron smacked the ball hard!
6 The ball cleared the fence!
7 Fans had just witnessed a major moment in baseball history!
CHALLENGE : Mexico has suffered many
strong earthquakes In 1985, violent earth movements rocked Mexico City The quake killed nearly ten thousand people After the earthquake, fires took even more homes and lives All Mexicans are aware of the well-known fact that another big one could hit at any time
35 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Malapropisms (Ludicrous Misuse of Words)
Primate=Private; respected=suspected; abuse=accuse; eminence=evidence;
pandemonium=condominium; shovel=hovel; bumbling=crumbling; idle=ideal;
congeal=conceal; hibernation=hesitation; revolter=revolver; sandal=satchel;
defective=detective; pigment=figment
36 REVIEW
A 1 non-parallel structure 2 run-on
3 fragment 4 passive voice
B 2 fragment; Moving ice fields are known as
glaciers 3 non-parallel structure; Glaciers picked up rocks, carried them hundreds of miles, and carved out valleys and lakes
4 run-on; As the climate of Earth warmed, the glaciers melted
DEVELOPING PARAGRAPHS
37 STATING THE MAIN IDEA
A The ancient Maya had some unusual ideas
about beauty
B 1 a 2 b
38 USING RELEVANT DETAILS
A Circle mechanic and scientist.
B 1 d 2 b 3 c 4 c
C Underline: Cinco de Mayo, which means the
Fifth of May, celebrates a Mexican victory over the French
Draw a line through: Less than 20 years earlier, Mexico had been at war with the United States
39 USING FACTS AND EXAMPLES
A 1 The great white shark is one of the
world’s most powerful and efficient hunters; facts/figures
2 Most often the great white shark will not threaten humans; examples
B 1 EX 2 FF 3 FF
v
Trang 940 COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
A Possible Answers:
1 SKY DIVING: drop head first, jump solo,
thrill from solitude
BOTH: take nerve and skill, jump from
planes, rely on parachutes
SKY SURFING: use more equipment, need
leg strength, drop feet first, jump in teams,
thrill from sharing experience
B 1 S 2 D 3 S 4 D 5 S 6 S 7 D
8 D
C Both, Similarly, however, however
41 CAUSE AND EFFECT
A.
B EFFECT: volcano erupts
CAUSE: rock inside Earth heats up; heat
builds pressure; heat melts rock; pressure
pushes rock upward
42 PUTTING DETAIL SENTENCES IN ORDER
2 They dressed up like Native Americans;
should be 3rd sentence
3 The falling water goes into lakes, rivers,
and underground; should be last sentence
4 Panting and sweating, they reached the
summit; should be last sentence
43 USING TRANSITIONS
A.
B 2 In the same manner; compare
3 Then; time 4 for example; explain
44 REVIEW
A 1 Although the planet Venus is right next to
Earth in our solar system, it is a different kind
of place 2 On the planet Mercury, it is very
hot during the day and very cold at night
3 Student may circle however or A second
big difference
4 c
B Answers will vary Possible answer: An
earthquake can be a major disaster
PREWRITING/IDEAS AND CONTENT
45 DETERMINING PURPOSE
A 1 describe 2 inform 3 entertain
B Answers will vary Possible answers:
1 a Follow these simple steps to build a bird house b To protect nature’s creatures, consider buying a bird house
2 a Conditions must be right for a tornado to form b I’ll never forget the power and noise
of the tornado
3 a My dog Scout is a real comedian
b Many healthy, loving animals need a home
46 NARROWING YOUR TOPIC
A 1 making a pizza 2 a visit from Grandpa
3 my favorite website 4 building a snow fort 5 the worst school rule 6 an unforgettable character 7 advantages of being the oldest child 8 how Spooky the cat got her name
B Answers will vary.
47 WRITING TO PERSUADE
A Students should check 1, 2, and 5.
B Answers will vary.
48 WRITING TO INFORM
A 1 fads of the 1920s 2 King Tut
3 chicken pox 4 meteorites 5 Vitamin C
B Answers will vary.
49 WRITING TO DESCRIBE
A Answers will vary Possible answers:
2 making spaghetti 3 the junk closet
4 life in the tide pool 5 the spring shower
6 saving the old elm
B Sight: slender, sparkling, handsome
Hearing: beeping, silent, earsplitting Taste: sour, delicious
Smell: fragrant Touch: slimy, frigid, sweltering
C Answers will vary.
50 WRITING TO INSTRUCT (HOW TO)
A 1 making salsa 2 tomatoes, onion, green
chiles, cilantro, lemon, salt 3 chopping vegetables 4 serve salsa and tortilla chips
5 Answers will vary
B First; Before; After; Then; Finally
51 PERSONAL INTERESTS
Answers will vary
52 PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Answers will vary
53 BRAINSTORMING
Answers will vary
E R O M R E H T R U F T
F R E V E W O H H
I N E E
N O N R
A W E
Y L E T A N U T R O F
L L H O
Y S U R
O S E
Y L T N E U Q E S N O C
E S I W R E H T O T E Y
T H E N T
H A A F T E R H
E S B E C A U S E
R A I S
E R N
F E D C
C O N S E Q U E N T L Y
R U E
E L T
T S O
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Trang 1054 TONE (FORMAL OR INFORMAL?)
A 1 F 2 I 3 I 4 F 5 I 6 F
B 1 I 2 F 3 F 4 I
CHALLENGE : 1 informal 2 formal Rewrites will vary.
55 DECIDING ON POINT OF VIEW
1 1st 2 3rd 3 1st 4 1st
56 DECIDING ON VERB TENSE
A 1 The golfer makes her shot and then
follows the ball with her eyes 2 The champ
entered the ring, went to his corner, and
nodded to the crowd 3 Chico whistled for
his dog Ranger, and Ranger bounded to his
side 4 Everywhere Chico goes, Ranger
follows him
B Answers will vary.
57 LAUGH OUT LOUD!
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Answers will vary Possible answers:
1 Winfield goes back to the wall He hits his
head on the wall and the ball rolls off his glove
and back down to second base
2 The cause of the accident was a guy with a big
mouth who was driving a small car
3 For sale: large dining room set made of solid
oak; perfect for big family
4 Holiday bazaar—hundreds of hard-to-find gifts
5 We will sell goldfish in a glass bowl to anyone
6 Drive slower when road is wet
7 Huge sale on pants!
58 REVIEW
A Answers will vary.
B Answers will vary.
C 1 dies=died 2 has=had
PRACTICAL WRITING
59 THE FRIENDLY LETTER
Answers will vary
60 THANK-YOU LETTERS
Answers will vary
61 SENDING MESSAGES
A Answers will vary Possible answer:
August 15 8:00 A.M
Ms Kostas:
Your sister Pam called She is canceling
your lunch date on Tuesday, Aug 17,
because she has a dental appointment
You can call her at (512) 777-3313
Wendy Warren
B Answers will vary Possible answer:
From: Brian Jones <bjones@wesbell.net> To: Denise C Hayden <dch@evx.com>
Date: Thurs, Jul 5, 2001 Subject: Cancellation of Interview
Ms Hayden,
I need to cancel our interview scheduled for
Monday, July 9, at 9:30 AM I will contact you
to see if we can reschedule I’m sorry for the
inconvenience
Brian Jones
62 THE BUSINESS LETTER
ACROSS : 4 body 5 greeting 6 address
DOWN: 1 heading 2 closing 3 signature
63 ADDRESSING AN ENVELOPE
A Return address will vary.
Address: Mr William Cole
Bridgeport Baking Company
4631 Lester Lane Sand Point, ID 83219
B 2 Ms Rachel Roberts
Northwest Paper Box Company
340 S.W 10th Avenue New York, NY 10023
64 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misused Words
A 1 incinerating, insinuating 2 roughage,
roughness 3 tycoon, typhoon
4 corporation, cooperation 5 abdominal, abominable
B Answers will vary.
65 REVIEW
A 1 the address of both the writer and the
receiver 2 the receiver’s address
3 above the greeting 4 heading
B 1 F 2 B 3 B/ F 4 F 5 B/ F 6 B/ F
7 B/ F 8 B
CHALLENGE : 1050 Hillman Street
Chicago, IL 77210 August 5, 2001_
Dear Ben,
Thank you for asking me to Alaska with its bare paws (Ha, ha! Get it?) Your life in Frozentoe, Alaska, is mine in Chicago You’ll have to
Your pal,
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