Tài liệu Beginning writing 1 part 2 pdf

students who meet with a teacher Depending on how the collective noun is used in the sentence, it may take a singular or plural verb.. Finally, circle the verb form that agrees with the

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CREATIVE WRITING

66 EXPANDING SENTENCES

Answers will vary.

67 USING YOUR SENSES

A 1 babbling, meow, whisper 2 aroma, stinking,

fragrant 3 painful, prickle, burn 4 sour,

tangy, flavorful 5 sparkle, pale, scarlet

B Answers will vary.

68 HAIKU

A The / dew / drops / fal/ ling

By / ones / and / twos, / rap/ id/ ly,—

It / is / a / good / world.

B 1 nature 2 three 3 five 4 seven

5 first 6 does not

C 1 b 2 a

69 WRITING ABOUT PICTURES

Answers will vary.

70 WRITING ABOUT PEOPLE

A 1 swaggered 2 tossed 3 piercing

4 smile 5 cat 6 whispered

71 LAUGH OUT LOUD! What’s in a Name?

A 1 d 2 e 3 h 4 k 5 l 6 b 7 i 8 c

9 f 10 a 11 j 12 g

72 REVIEW

A ACROSS : 1 character 4 vivid 5 touch

7 senses 9 image DOWN: 2 haiku

3 taste 6 hearing 7 smell 8 sight

CHECKING YOUR WRITING

73 SPELLING DEMONS

A 1 e 2 d 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 f 7 h 8 g

B combination, relative, invitation, competition,

preparation, declaration, perspiration, author

74 DOUBLE TROUBLE

A 1 hoping 2 scraping 3 hopped

4 moped 5 robbed

B 1 biggest 2 thinnest 3 begged 4 tagged

5 bigger 6 madder 7 betting 8 hitting

C 2 holy, holly 3 desert, dessert 4 hot, hoot

5 raged, ragged 6 ad, add 7 hoping,

hopping

75 LETTERS OFTEN LEFT OUT

A 1 bakery, chocolate 2 federal, veterans

3 sophomores, history 4 average, salary,

government 5 several, environment

B 1 ordnary, Febuary, evry, intresting, celbrate,

substatute

CHALLENGE:

76 CAPITALIZATION I

1 September 2 Angela, Halloween

3 Captain Hook, Angela, Peter Pan

4 Monday 5 Julio’s Sweets Shoppe, Beach Boulevard 6 Dr Richard’s 7 Thursday, November, Thanksgiving

77 CAPITALIZATION II

A 1 scientist, Professor 2 laboratory, Mount,

Park 3 park, Doctor

B 1 New York City 2 Hudson River 3 none

4 Uncle Ted, Kansas City 5 none

78 COMMAS I

A 1 A one-horned rhinoceros, a ten-foot lizard,

and a miniature buffalo all live in the jungles

of Indonesia 2 The orangutan, an ape with reddish-orange hair, also makes its home in Indonesia 3 Professor Durand, can you explain why the orangutan is called “man of the jungle”? 4 Orangutans are, if you can picture this, about the size of humans.

79 COMMAS II

A 1 Because they are big, football players

usually eat a lot 2 At our school, assemblies are held in the gym 3 The committee was made up of the following four students: Carol Sue, Carlos, Molly, and Ruth.

4 For those who love chocolate, chocolate cake is the perfect dessert 5 The five stars

of the play were Peggy, Anthony, Mary, Jo, and Sam 6 Rather than red, orange is my favorite color 7 Instead of Michael, Jordan received the award 8 While Brenda was climbing down, the ladder slipped.

9 Recognizing the man as his uncle, Joseph shouted a welcome.

B That that is, is That that is not, is not Is that

not it? It is!

80 PUNCTUATING QUOTATIONS I

A Students should check 1, 3, and 4.

B 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b

I N T E R E S T I N G

O E B

R L F S

D E E T

I B I

N R R T

A U A U

R A T

Y R E E

E V E R Y

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81 PUNCTUATING QUOTATIONS II

Bosco studied the weird machine He

read the strange sign “Enter here to

travel through time,” the words said “All

tickets ten dollars.”

“Would you like to buy a ticket?” asked

a little round man in a blue suit “You can

go forward, backward, or any-which-way!”

Bosco was fascinated “How can I pass

up this opportunity?” he whispered He

pulled out a ten-dollar bill.

“All aboard,” shouted the little man.

“Quickly now Quickly now!”

Bosco climbed three metal stairs and

passed through a swinging gate He heard

a lock click behind him Suddenly he felt

nervous.

“I’ve changed my mind,” he called out.

“Too late!” said the little man “Have a

good journey.”

The strange contraption shook and

groaned as it hurled Bosco into the future.

82 UNNECESSARY REPETITION

A 2 on his face 3 quickly 4 shape

5 victorious 6 round

B 2 Doctors help their patients by treating

illnesses 3 When I once had trouble

walking, I hurried to a doctor 4 Tests

showed that I needed a knee operation.

83 DOUBLE NEGATIVES

A 1 ever 2 any 3 anybody 4 any 5 no

6 ever

B Students should check 1, 3, and 4.

84 PROOFREADER’S MARKS

A 2 You can lead a hors to water but you

cant make it drink.

3 Evry cloud has a Silver lining

4 Dont bit the hand that feeds yuo.

5 Theres more than one way too skin

a Cat.

B 1 Half a loaf is better than none.

2 You can lead a horse to water, but you

can’t make it drink.

3 Every cloud has a silver lining.

4 Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.

5 There’s more than one way to skin

a cat.

85 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misspelled Words

A 1 laff=laugh 2 recieved=received

3 Acurrate=Accurate 4 proff=proof

5 grammer=grammar 6 carrot=karat

7 dames=dams 8 boys=buoys

B 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b

86 REVIEW

A 2 Odin wanted to be wise as well as strong.

3 “I will drink from the Well of Wisdom,” Odin said 4 “The water is not free,” said the guardian of the well 5 The price of a drink was very high 6 “You must give me one of your eyes, Odin,” said the guardian 7 Odin gained wisdom, the ability to see the future, and the respect of all the gods.

B 1 Shaniko is a ghost town in the high desert of

Oregon 2 It’s called a ghost town because most of the people are gone, and the buildings are abandoned 3 In the early 1900s Shaniko was a boom town, a bustling railroad hub 4 A sign on the road into present-day Shaniko reads, “Population 30.” 5 Some visitors say they hear ghostly laughter in the schoolyard.

IMPROVING YOUR WRITING

87 SENTENCE VARIETY I:

Varying Sentence Beginnings

2 preposition 3 verb 4 preposition

5 adverb 6 preposition

88 SENTENCE VARIETY II:

Combining Sentences

A 2 Seven Great Danes live in the Lavine house,

and two will soon have puppies 3 The family may keep all the puppies, or neighbors may buy some.

B 2 A stage crew of talented artists is designing

sets 3 Tickets for the play, which opens March 5, are going fast.

89 SENTENCE VARIETY I:

Avoiding “And” Sentences

A 1 b 2 a

90 CONCISE WRITING

A 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c

B This launched his career; The cartoon did well;

The rodent was very humorous; She thought it was not the right choice.

91 AVOIDING MIXED COMPARISONS

B Answers will vary Possible answers:

2 His mind galloped from thought to thought like a nervous horse 3 The warmth of the sun wrapped itself around our campsite like a blanket 4 The teacher growled at the tardy students like a bear

92 RECOGNIZING FACTS AND OPINIONS

A 1 F 2 O 3 T 4 F 5 T

B 1 O 2 O 3 F 4 F 5 O

e

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93 QUALIFYING OPINIONS

Underline:

2 Mike thinks; 4 In my opinion; 5 I

think

B Students should circle 1, 3, and 4.

1 Most students can benefit from a

physical education class 3 I think Mr.

and Mrs Wilson have overly strict rules

for their children.

4 It seems that no amount of arguing

will convince the Wilsons to change

their minds!

94 MAKING AND QUALIFYING

GENERALIZATIONS

A Answers will vary Possible anwers:

1 Most 2 Many 3 supposedly

4 usually

B Answers will vary Possible anwers:

2 Annmarie will likely make a good

doctor some day 3 At the

tournament, our debate team should

be hard to beat! 4 Our house may

need a new roof in three to five years.

5 The growing population will likely

lead to overcrowding

95 WORD CHOICES

A 1 pranced 2 growled 3 mature

4 moderate, quaint 5 screamed

96 NEW BEGINNINGS

A 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b

97 EFFECTIVE ENDINGS

A 1 a 2 c

B thus, in conclusion, in summary

98 WRITING TITLES

A 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b

B 1 Tales from the Titanic 2 The Lady or the

Tiger? 3 Chief Joseph: Man of Honor

99 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Headline Horrors

2 Students upset by teacher strike

3 Man-eating sharks spotted offshore

4 Woodview Heights man murdered

5 Burglar robs Richard’s Pants Shop

6 More meat-eaters deciding to eat vegetables

7 New law cuts curfew violations in half

8 U.S steel giant puts end to strike

9 Two small planes collide; one person dies

10 Free clinic offers medical care for the poor

100 REVIEW

A 1 vary in length 2 different parts of

speech 3 a generalization 4 qualify

5 summarize ideas 6 gets to the point without wasting words

B Answers will vary Possible answers:

1 Scientists think humans could live on Mars, but there is no food or water there 2 Mars, one of our closest neighbors in space, has been called Earth’s “red twin.”

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A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea

A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea

A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea

EXAMPLES:

COMMON NOUNS: student, forest, pencil, confusion

PROPER NOUNS: Howard, Everglades, Statue of Liberty

A. First underline all the nouns in the following sentences

Then write CN above each common noun and PN above

each proper noun.

1 Emily was training herself to become a spy

2 The teenager anxiously prepared to complete her first mission

3 Emily took off her shoes and tiptoed across the carpet

4 The young spy quietly opened the door and peeked into the bedroom

5 “Margo isn’t doing her homework!” Emily yelled to her mother

6 “I hate sneakiness!” Margo shouted at her sister

B. Rewrite each sentence Replace the boldface common noun with a

specific proper noun The first sentence has been done for you

1 The seashore is my favorite vacation spot.

2 The teacher carefully explained the rules.

3 Passengers were upset when the airline canceled flights.

4 The store offered a refund to every unhappy customer.

CHALLENGE: Select one of the proper nouns from Part B On the back of

this sheet, write three sentences telling about that person, place, or

thing For example, you might write three sentences about Waikiki

Beach Circle each noun you use

Waikiki Beach is my favorite vacation spot.

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UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: COLLECTIVE NOUNS

A collective noun names a group of persons or things The word jury is a

collective noun So is the word committee

A. Write a letter to match each collective noun in the first column with its

description in the second column The first one has been done for you

1 _ crowd a a group of many

2 _ flock b a lot of bees flying together

3 _ swarm c a great number of persons gathered together

4 _ class d women who feel a common bond

5 _ sisterhood e students who meet with a teacher

Depending on how the collective noun is used in the sentence, it may take a

singular or plural verb Here are the rules:

• If you are thinking of the collective noun as a single unit, use a singular verb

EXAMPLE: The committee is meeting once a month

• If you are thinking of the group members as separate individuals, use a plural verb

EXAMPLE: The jury are entering the courtroom one by one

B. Read each sentence about the 1980s Then underline the collective

noun that is the subject of the sentence Finally, circle the verb form

that agrees with the subject

1 The year is 1981, and the Senate ( has / have ) voted to make

Sandra Day O’Connor the first woman on the Supreme Court

2 Today, as in the ’80s, a family often ( needs / need ) more than one

wage-earner

3 It is 1980, and the team from the United States ( is / are ) not

attending the summer Olympic Games

4 The Soviet army ( had / have ) invaded Afghanistan in December of 1979

5 President Jimmy Carter and the U.S Olympic Committee

( has / have ) called for a boycott of the Moscow games

CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write a brief news report about a

concert, a big game, or some other group event Circle each collective

noun you use Be sure to use the correct verb form

c

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Verbs are words that express an action or a state of being Action verbs

(run, talked, went) tell what people do Other verbs (is, am, are) express

a state of being

A. Add a verb to complete each sentence Then, on the line before the

sentence, tell what the verb expresses Write A for action or S for

state of being.

1 _ Many people the taste of chocolate

2 _ Montezuma, a ruler of the ancient Aztecs, _

50 cups of hot chocolate a day

3 _ Hot chocolate still a favorite drink

4 _ Chocolate, however, quite high in calories

5 _ Do you chocolate or vanilla?

Most verbs change form to show the time something is happening The form

of a verb shows whether something is happening now, has happened in the

past, or will happen in the future

EXAMPLES: The car needs a tune-up (present)

The car needed a tune-up last month (past) The car will need a tune-up in three months (future)

B. The action in the following paragraph takes

place in the present First underline each verb

Then rewrite the paragraph on the back of this

sheet Replace each present-tense verb with

a past-tense verb The first one has been done

for you

In my grandma’s living room is a portrait

of Elvis Presley on black velvet Everyone in

the family voices an opinion about the picture

Uncle Leo calls it hideous Aunt Sally groans when she

looks at it When I look at the picture, I feel happy I believe

it is the most beautiful thing in Grandma’s house

was was

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One or more helping verbs are often used along with the main verb in a

sentence Together, the helping verb or verbs and main verb make up a verb

phrase A helping verb can show time or add meaning to the main verb

EXAMPLES: The mechanic will check the tires before we leave

The mechanic should check the fluid levels too

The mechanic has been working for an hour

Sometimes the words in verb phrases are separated by other words

EXAMPLES: You should not pay your bill until the work is completed

I had never seen such a big repair bill!

Find the complete verb phrase in each

sentence Write it on the line Hint: The

number in parentheses tells how many

words are in the verb phrase

1 During World War II, a homing pigeon

named Beachcomber would carry messages

across enemy lines (2)

2 In all, 32 homing pigeons were used in the war (2)

3 Homing pigeons have been used for service

and for sport (3)

4 Their owners will often release them far

from home (2)

5 The birds will cleverly find their way across

many miles (2)

6 A racing pigeon must reach its home loft

as quickly as possible (2)

7 That weary bird over there must have

been flying all day! (4)

CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write three sentences about a race or contest Use a verb phrase in each sentence Circle the main verb and

underline the helping verb in each verb phrase

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UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: IRREGULAR VERB FORMS

Add -ed or -d to form the past tense of a regular verb

To form the past tense of an irregular verb, you will

usually change the spelling

EXAMPLES:

REGULAR VERB: IRREGULAR VERB:

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

A. Read the irregular past-tense verb forms in the

box Then complete the puzzle by matching each

one to a present-tense form listed as a clue

ran swam caught grew

tore sent sank froze

2 swim 1 catch

5 run 2 sink

6 grow 3 freeze

7 tear 4 send

B. Fill in each blank with the past-tense form of the verb in parentheses

The verb you write should rhyme with the words in italics The first

one has been done for you

1 With a bong and a clang, the steeple bell (ring) .

2 The baby eagle grew and grew; then from its nest it bravely

(fly)

3 Into the shady, peaceful cove, my little boat I slowly (drive)

_

4 The list of promises each candidate (write ) _, should

help us decide just how to vote.

CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write five sentences using the

past-tense form of the following verbs: steal, catch, dive, do, buy.

C

S

T

1

6 5

4

3 2

7

rang

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Imagine you are writing a story about a fellow named Mike How do you avoid

repeating the word Mike in your story? You use pronouns! A pronoun is a word that

takes the place of a noun Notice the boldface pronouns in the following example: Mike plays baseball for the Riverside Rockets He is their star pitcher.

When he winds up, batters stop breathing! They wait nervously for his fast

ball They know the umpire is likely to call, “Strike three You are out!”

A. Circle the three words in each group that are not pronouns.

1 it Karen him her Marvin president

2 they teenagers yellow my I Rudy

3 car our us family we Charlene

A pronoun must always agree with the noun it replaces

B. Complete each sentence with one of these pronouns: one, they, it, its.

Notice that each pronoun replaces a boldface noun or nouns.

1 The octopus is a fascinating creature, but some

people think is scary

2 The octopus has eight twisting tentacles.

help the creature move along the ocean floor

3 The octopus uses

tentacles when hunting

4 When an octopus’s tentacle is cut off, a brand

new grows!

CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write a short paragraph about an

animal with a frightening appearance Use pronouns to avoid repetition— and make sure each pronoun agrees with the noun it replaces!

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UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Indefinite pronouns can cause writers problems These pronouns include

words like all, each, either, few, and none As with other pronouns, writers

must make sure that every indefinite pronoun agrees with its verb

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

either anyone no one each any more some neither everybody none all most

A. Read each sentence Then circle the indefinite pronoun and underline

its verb Finally, write S if the pronoun is singular or P if it is plural.

The first one has been done for you

1 _ All of the party guests have been given a list of items for the

scavenger hunt

2 _ Each of the party guests has been given a list of items for the

scavenger hunt

3 _ Everybody in the group is expected to participate

4 _ Some of the guests don’t want to join the hunt

5 _ A few feel silly going door to door asking for unusual objects

6 _ Most think it sounds like great fun!

7 _ I’ll bet that nobody will be able to find a wooden clothespin

B. Complete the two sentences below Make sure to use a verb that agrees

with the boldface indefinite pronoun.

1 All of the job applicants .

2 Both Hector and Neil .

CHALLENGE: Indefinite pronouns are often the subject of a sentence In fact, one indefinite pronoun and one verb can make a complete sentence!

EXAMPLES: Everyone screamed Nobody answers.

On the back of this sheet, write three two-word sentences containing an indefinite pronoun and a verb

P

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