Tài liệu Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 26 pptx

For this task, you must:  take notes as you read and listen;  summarize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;  synthesize the main points in the reading and in the lect

Directions: New Canaan University is implementing a new policy Read the

announcement You have 45 seconds

Next, listen as two students discuss the new policy

After you listen to the dialogue, answer the new policy

TASK: You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Prompt The man expresses his opinion about the new policy State his

position and explain the reasons he gives for expressing that opinion

Announcement from the President

Starting next semester, all first and second year students will be required to live on campus in a dormitory The university has recently finished

construction of the Joan Lily Dormitory and the Dr S G Shiloh Dormitory These state-of-the-art dorms each contain 500 rooms with laundry facilities and exercising rooms in the basements Each room has two beds and a

small refrigerator All rooms are internet ready, have card key locks, and provide wonderful views of Lake Barley Rooms and roommates will be

assigned on a first-come, first-served basis The Dr S G Shiloh dormitory

is for male students only The Joan Lily dormitory is for female students only If you have any questions, please contact the university president

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240 - Speaking Task Three

Directions: Westport University is implementing a new policy Read the

announcement You have 45 seconds

Next, listen as two students discuss the new policy

After you listen to the dialogue, answer the prompt

TASK: You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Prompt The woman expresses her opinion about the new policy State

her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for expressing that opinion

Announcement from the Dean

In celebration of this the Year of the Volunteer, Westport University is

pleased to announce the following Starting next semester, each student will be required to be a volunteer for one full semester Students may

choose which organization they would like to volunteer for Volunteering for work related to your major is recommended but not required However, a minimum of four hours a week volunteering is required You will receive credit for your work as a volunteer The required minimum number of

volunteer hours is forty-eight per student Volunteering is a requirement for graduation If you have any questions about this policy, please contact the Dean’s office

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In this chapter, you learned how to develop, revise and deliver integrated spoken responses using G+3TiC=C and the four steps By doing so, you can demonstrate OPDUL=C in your response

Test-takers who get high integrated speaking scores have practiced

speaking a lot

What Have You Learned?

Remember!

Make a note map; summarize the reading (45 seconds)

#1

Summarize the dialogue (60-90 seconds)

#2

Read the prompt

#3

Prepare your response (30 seconds)

#4

Speak (60 seconds)

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242 - Speaking Task Three

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Notes

Speaking task four is a fact-based argument For this task, you will integrate three skills: reading, listening and speaking objectively The task order follows

For this task, you must:

 take notes as you read and listen;

 summarize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;

 synthesize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;

 paraphrase the main points in the reading and in the lecture

You can develop and deliver a response for this task using G+3TiC=C This

argument map will help you take notes and give the speaking raters what they are trained to listen for: a coherent integrated spoken response that demonstrates

OPDUL=C (see the Integrated Speaking Proficiency Checklist page 322)

Understanding ETS’s testing method for this task is the first step in delivering a coherent integrated spoken response Begin by reading the sample reading passage

on the next page You have 45 seconds

Speaking Task Four

Integrated Task: Read-Listen-Speak

1 Read a short academic passage 45 seconds

2 Listen to a short lecture about the topic in the reading 60-90 seconds

4 Prepare your response 30 seconds

5 Deliver your response 60 seconds

ETS’s Testing Method

3 Read the prompt

244 - Speaking Task Four r

Next, read along as you listen to a sample lecture on the same topic

In this lecture, the professor develops two examples of a nocturnal animal: the mega bat and the micro bat These examples “add to and support” (develop) the

premise in the reading: “Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of

day an animal is active.”

Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day

an animal is active Animals, such as horses, elephants and most birds, are said to be diurnal because they are active during the day and rest at night Those animals active at dawn and dusk are said to be crepuscular Beetles, skunks and rabbits fall into this category The third group are those animals that sleep during the day and are active at night They are called nocturnal A good example is the bat Bats have highly developed eyesight, hearing and smell This helps them avoid predators and locate food Being nocturnal also helps them avoid high temperatures during the day, especially in deserts where temperatures can reach well over one hundred degrees Fahrenheit

Good afternoon In this lecture, we’ll focus on a common nocturnal animal, the bat There are two types of bat: micro bats, or true bats, and mega bats, also called fruit bats Let’s start with mega bats Size wise, mega bats are from two to sixteen inches in length Mega bats have extremely sensitive sight and smell This helps them locate the flowers and fruit upon which they feed It is while eating that mega bats play a important role in the distribution of plants Like bees, mega bats serve as pollinators When they lick nectar or eat flowers, their bodies become covered in pollen which they, in turn, carry to other trees and plants thereby acting as pollinators In fact, many of the fruits and vegetables on our tables, such as bananas and peaches, would not be there if mega bats did not pollinate plants and trees

Next are micro bats As the name implies, micro bats are quite small, about the size of a mouse To find food, micro bats use echolocation, high frequency sounds they bounce off

insects The most common micro bat is the vesper or evening bat Like mega bats, micro bats play an important role in the environment The average vesper bat, for example, can eat one thousand mosquitoes in one night By doing so, they control the mosquito population

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Mapped out, you can see how the reading and the lecture are organized Notice how G is the premise, a general statement that introduces the main topic

G = premise = general

TiC = example = specific

TiC = example = specific add to + support

C = conclusion = general

ETS uses this testing method for the show-support integrated essay as well

Because ETS recycles the same testing method for this task, you can summarize the reading and the lecture, and map out your response using G+3TiC=C

Are there always two lecture examples (2TiC) to support the reading?

No Sometimes there is only one example (TiC) Sometimes there are two

examples (2TiC) Sometimes three (3TiC) Be prepared for three examples

When developing and delivering a response for this task, use G+3TiC=C and the following five steps to demonstrate OPDUL=C in your response

First, the narrator will give instructions

As you listen to the narrator, make a note map Put R for reading at the top Under

R, put L for lecture Because time is limited, simply number each body paragraph

Narrator: Read the following passage on animal behavior You have 45 seconds Begin reading now

reading

lecture

Q

A

Developing a Response: Step-by-Step

Make a note map; read and summarize the reading

Step #1

246 - Speaking Task Four r

When the narrator finishes speaking, a countdown clock will appear on your

screen The clock will countdown (45, 44, 43…) As you read, look for signal words such as:

definition…define…classify…classification…process…historical figure…historical moment… idea…concept…theory…design…

These signal words will help you identify the premise

Identifying and summarizing the premise is your first task The premise is the main topic It will be stated in the topic sentence The premise will be expressed using a rhetorical strategy For example, a date in the premised will signal the rhetorical strategy of narration Narration, in turn, will signal the start of a general description of an historical person or event, for example:

In 1878, Thomas Edison formed the Edison Electric Light Company in New York City

The premise might also employ the rhetorical strategy of process

Making microprocessors is a complicated process First, you must…

The premise might also employ the rhetorical strategy of description

J D Salinger, an eccentric recluse, penned The Catcher in the Rye, a coming-of-age novel in which a young hero rebels against the world

R

G

L

2

3

C

Identifying the Main Topic

The premise might also employ the rhetorical strategy of cause-and-effect

Training a cat is next to impossible

The premise might also employ the rhetorical strategy of definition

Estrogen is a hormone found in both men and women

The premise might also employ the rhetorical strategy of definition and cause-and-effect

Estrogen is a hormone found in both men and women; however, its

function in men is not entirely understood

The premise might also employ the rhetorical strategy of classification

Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal

is active

Read the sample passage once again Notice how the premise is stated in the topic sentence and is identified by the rhetorical signal words can be classified followed

by a description of the classifying process

Next, summarize the reading under R on your note map To summarize means to identify and generally describe the main points In the sample reading, the main points are the premise (classifying animal behavior) and a general description of

each animal classification

Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of

day an animal is active Animals, such as horses, elephants and most birds, are said to be diurnal because they are active during the day and rest at night Those animals active at dawn and dusk are said to be crepuscular Beetles, skunks and rabbits fall into this category The third group are those animals that sleep during the day and are active at night They are called nocturnal A good example is the bat Bats have highly developed eyesight, hearing and smell This helps them avoid predators and locate food Being nocturnal also helps them avoid high temperatures during the day, especially in deserts where temperatures can reach well over one hundred degrees Fahrenheit

248 - Speaking Task Four r

Do not summarize every sentence in the reading You will waste time

You only have 45 seconds Only summarize the main topic

The reading passage will not return after you read it That means you must summarize it at this point

When the reading ends, it will be replaced by the lecture It will last 60-90 seconds Read along as you listen to the sample lecture As you listen, summarize the main points of the lecture under L on your note map

R

G animal behavior classified according to time of day

day is diurnal – eat during day, sleep at night, humans horses, elephants

twilight is crepuscular – active dawn and dusk, beetles, rabbits, skunks

night is nocturnal – sleep during day, active at night

Listen to the lecture; summarize it

Step #2

Remember!

Remember!

Narrator: Listen to a lecture on animal behavior

Good afternoon In this lecture, we’ll focus on a common nocturnal animal, the bat There are two types of bat: micro bats, or true bats, and mega bats, also called fruit bats Let’s start with mega bats Size wise, mega bats range from two to sixteen inches in length Mega bats have extremely sensitive sight and smell This helps them locate the flowers and fruit upon which they feed It is while eating that mega bats play a important role in the distribution of plants Like bees, mega bats serve as pollinators When they lick nectar or eat flowers, their bodies become covered in pollen which they, in turn, carry to other trees and plants thereby acting as pollinators In fact, many of the fruits and vegetables on our tables, such as bananas and peaches, would not be there if mega bats did not pollinate plants and trees

(continued on the next page)

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