Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading music example of internet democracy C because internet is democracy music is free Ti next friends just sharing music example
Trang 1Some body paragraphs will not start with a transition In this case,
use formatting to identify them For example, look at the following body paragraphs Notice how the first sentence of each body paragraph is indented (moved in from the margin) This formatting
style signals the start of a new body paragraph when there is no transition A new body paragraph signals the start of another
supporting example (TiC), or the conclusion Notice how the last indentation signals the start of the conclusion This, in turn, signals a restating of the author’s opinion Note: Body paragraphs can also be separated by a space
Finally, and this point I really want to stress: What I do
in the privacy of my home is nobody’s business but my own Period I don’t need the government telling me what I can or can’t do with my computer The United States is a democracy not a dictatorship
To sum up, just because I refuse to pay for downloaded music does not make me a felon The real criminals are those
in government and business determined to deny music-loving individuals their right to freedom and privacy
If you’re like me, you love to share music with your friends by downloading it from their computers This is not stealing music Hardly My friends and I are simply sharing songs In fact, I share music with people all over the world, people I don’t know and will never meet This process is called P2P or peer-to-peer file sharing Now think: Is sharing
something that you love a crime? I don’t think so
I really want to stress this point: what I do in the privacy
of my home is nobody’s business but my own Period I don’t need the government telling me what I can or can’t do with my computer The United States is a democracy not a dictatorship Just because I refuse to pay for downloaded music does not make me a felon The real criminals are those in
government and business determined to deny music-loving individuals their right to freedom and privacy
indent
indent
indent
Trang 2After you identify the body paragraphs, summarize them as follows:
Use the third person singular and the present tense (He says…She
says…It says…) Note: When taking notes, don’t worry about
grammar and spelling, etc Just write
Summarize the topic of each body paragraph after the transition (T)
Next, identify the supporting illustration (i) and summarize it
Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading
music example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy music is free
Ti next friends just sharing music example P2P
C sharing love for music not stealing, not a crime
Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does in home no business of government or music companies
Write objectively
1
Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading
music example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy music is free
Ti next friends just sharing music example P2P
C sharing love for music not stealing, not a crime
Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does in home no business of government or
music companies
Identify the topic in each body paragraph
2
Trang 3The cause-and-effect relationship in each body paragraph is the reason (main point) that supports the author’s argument Write each reason beside C
Often the author will restate his/her opinion in the conclusion Opinions in the conclusion are restated using synonyms
opinion
restated
opinion
Music We all love it In fact, I’m listening to music right now, music I downloaded off the internet without paying for it That’s right I didn’t pay a nickel Not one red cent And for
far as I’m concerned, downloading music off the internet without paying for it is not a crime Why not?
body paragraphs
To sum up, just because I refuse to pay for downloaded music does not make me a felon The real criminals are those
in government and business determined to deny music-loving individuals their right to freedom and privacy
Identify the cause-and-effect relationship
3
Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading music example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy, music is free
Ti next friends just sharing music example P2P
C sharing love for music not stealing, not a crime
Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does in home no business of government or
music companies
Summarize the Conclusion (C)
Trang 4Next, summarize the main point in the conclusion The main point is the author’s restated opinion expressed in a cause-and-effect relationship Write it beside C Use third person singular and the present tense
You now have a completed note map summarizing the main points in the reading
Why do I need a note map for the reading if the prompt says I only have to
“summarize the points made in the lecture”?
For three reasons
1) You must demonstrate to the raters that you understand the argument
in the reading
2) In your essay, you will demonstrate how each point in the lecture counter argues each point in the reading
3) Greater argument-counter argument development (OPDUL=C) = greater coherence (OPDUL=C) = a higher score
C in sum author says not a felon if he doesn’t pay,
government and music companies deny freedom
and privacy, they are the criminals,
US democracy not dictatorship
Reading
G reading says downloading music off web without paying is not a crime
Ti first reading says internet is a democracy; downloading music is example of internet democracy
C because internet is democracy, music is free
Ti next friends just sharing music, example P2P
C sharing love for music is not stealing, not a crime
Ti finally author talks about privacy, example his home
C what he does at home is no business of government or music companies
C in sum author says he is not a felon if he doesn’t pay, govt and music companies deny freedom and privacy, they are the criminals, US democracy not dictatorship
A
Q
Trang 5When the reading time is up, the reading passage will leave your computer screen
It will be replaced by the lecture The lecture will be 2-3 minutes long You cannot replay the lecture That means you must take good notes An important part of taking good lecture notes is being able to predict the counter argument in the lecture
The author in the sample reading argues that it is not a crime to download music and not pay for it In contrast, the lecturer will argue the opposite (counter argue)
She will say that it is a crime not to pay for downloaded music Let’s call it the
black-and-white rule
The black-and-white rule is simple: If the reading says “Black!”, the lecture will say the opposite, “White!” If the reading says “White!”, the lecture will say “Black!” Being able to predict the counter argument this way will help you anticipate the main points in the lecture and take notes more quickly and proficiently
For many test-takers, the hardest part of the integrated writing task is the lecture Why? Because there are a lot of new words Moreover, you hear the lecture only once What should you do to take effective notes as you listen? Do the following
1 Look at the Lecture side of your note map
2 Anticipate the counter argument using the black-and-white rule
3 Listen for signals words that identify the opinion
4 Listen for the cause-and-effect relationship in the opinion
Listen to the lecture
Step #2
Predicting the Counter-Argument in the Lecture
The Black-and-White Rule
Listening Strategies
Topic
Trang 65 Listen for transition signal words that identify each body paragraph, its topic and supporting illustration
6 Listen for the cause-and-effect relationship in each body paragraph
7 Listen for transition signal words that identify the conclusion
8 Listen for the cause-and-effect relationship in the conclusion
As you identify the main points in the lecture, note them under Lecture on your note map For practice, read the following lecture as you listen to it
It happens every second of every day all over the world One click and that new song—the one you didn’t pay for—is on your iPod You may think it’s legal After all, downloading music is fast and easy, right? Think again It goes without saying that downloading music off the web without paying for it is a crime
I know I know Some will argue that “It’s my democratic right to download music without paying for it.” Nonsense The internet might have started out with the intention of being a democracy but, believe me, those days are long gone The internet these days is about two things: information and money Big money One of the biggest money makers on the web is music, and music is protected by law If you download U2’s latest album, let’s say, and you don’t pay for it, then you are breaking the copyright law that says U2 owns that music
It is their property and you just stole it If you want to listen to U2, you’ve got to buy it, no ifs, ands, or buts
Also, the artist has a legal right to get paid for his or her work no matter how or where it is downloaded How would you like it if somebody were stealing your music? This is exactly what Napster was doing Napster was the first peer-to-peer music sharing web site Musicians, however, took Napster to court for not paying royalties, money owed each time a song was downloaded via Napster Napster argued that it was just helping friends share music The courts disagreed Napster paid a big fine and is now a pay site
Moreover, illegally downloading music off the web is not a privacy issue If you break the law by illegally downloading music, you are a criminal I’m sorry, but you can’t have it both ways You can’t break the law and hide behind the privacy issue The law is clear Criminals have no right to privacy
Period
It bears repeating that downloading music without paying for it is a crime no matter what anyone says about “the
freedom of cyberspace.” Just because downloading music is fast and easy doesn’t mean you have the right to steal it
CD
Track
#2
Trang 7Next, look at the finished note map for the lecture Notice the cause-and-effect relationships within each part of G+3TiC=C Note also that the test-taker writes using third person singular and the present tense
Do I have to repeat “however” at the start of each body paragraph?
No When you write a first draft, use synonyms to demonstrate language
use-paraphrasing However, when taking notes, use one transition of
contrast, such as however, to save time
Lecture
G however lecture says downloading music without
paying is a crime!
Ti however lecture says web is not democracy, all info and money, example U2
C not pay for U2? break copyright law
want new U2? you must pay
Ti however lecture says musicians have right to get paid example Napster
C Napster said P2P sharing okay, no crime court disagreed, if artist makes music court says
musicians should get paid napster now pay site
Ti however lecture says it is not a privacy issue
C download without paying means you are a criminal criminals have no right to privacy
you can’t have your cake and eat it too
C however lecture says that downloading music and
not paying is easy but still a crime
Q
A
Trang 8Next, look at the two note maps side by side Look at the arrows Notice how the
lecture counter-argues the reading point-by-point even in rough note form
G reading says downloading G however lecture says
music off web without paying downloading music without
Ti first reading says internet Ti however lecture says web
is a democracy; down- is not democracy,
loading music is example all info and money
C because internet is C not pay for U2? break
democracy music is free copyright law
Ti next friends just sharing Ti however lecture says
music, example P2P musicians have right to get
C sharing love for music is paid, example Napster
not stealing, not a crime C Napster said P2P sharing
if artist makes music court
Ti finally author talks about Ti however lecture says not privacy, example his home a privacy issue
C what he does at home is C download without paying
no business of govt or music means you are a criminal,
C in sum author says he is not a C however lecture says that felon if he doesn’t pay, downloading music and not government and record paying is easy but still a companies deny freedom and crime
privacy, they are criminals,
US democracy not dictatorship
Trang 9When the lecture ends, the reading passage will return to your computer screen The prompt will also appear
In the above prompt, summarize means identify and generally describe The points
are the main points: the opinions, the supporting illustrations and the conclusions
Cast doubt on means to counter argue Translated, the prompt reads like this
When your note map is complete, you must take that information and organize
it into an integrated essay that answers the prompt One way to organize your essay is by using point-by-point style The essay on the next page demonstrates point-by-point style As you read, note the following
1 A reading point (argument) comes first It is followed by the corresponding lecture point (counter argument) This demonstrates organization and a progression of ideas (OPDUL=C)
2 The points in the lecture “cast doubt on the points in the reading” point-by-point Point-by-point style demonstrates organization (OPDUL=C)
which, in turn, demonstrates a progression of ideas (OPDUL=C)
3 The grammar is third person singular in the present tense (The reading
says…The lecturer says….He says…She thinks…The author says…) This
demonstrates grammatical unity (OPDUL=C)
4 Each point counter argued by the lecture begins with a transition of
contrast This demonstrates unity, both grammatical and topical
(OPDUL=C)
Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show
how they cast doubt on the points made in the
reading
Prompt Identify and generally describe the opinion (G) and
the supporting illustrations (3TiC) in the lecture and show how they counter argue the opinion (G) and the supporting illustrations (3TiC) in the reading
Read the prompt; write a first draft
Step #3
Organization: Point-by-Point Style
Trang 10In this essay, the test-taker does not paraphrase the reading Don’t I have to paraphrase the reading?
No You simply have to summarize the structure of the argument in the
reading By doing so, you will identify the author’s position
Because the hardest part of this task is summarizing-paraphrasing the lecture, the raters will focus on it A proficiently summarized and paraphrased lecture that proficiently counter argues the reading = coherence (OPDUL=C) = a higher score
The reading says that downloading music off the internet without paying for it is not a crime
However, the lecturer believes it is a crime
First, the reading states that the internet was originally invented to be a source of free information Downloading music without paying for it is an example of this democratic ideal in action
In contrast, the lecturer states that copyright laws protect
music If you don’t pay for U2’s latest album, you’re breaking the law
Next, the reading says that downloading music from a friend’s computer is not stealing It is peer-to-peer file sharing File sharing, he says, is not a crime
However, the lecturer says that musicians should get paid
For example, Napster, a P2P site, didn’t pay musicians Napster said that file sharing wasn’t a crime The court disagreed and fined Napster for not paying
Finally, the author says that what he does in the privacy of his own home is no business of the government or the record companies The US is a democracy not a dictatorship
In contrast, the lecturer believes that if you steal music, you
are a thief therefore you have no privacy The law is black and white You can’t have your cake and eat it too
In sum, the reading states that downloading music off the internet without paying for it isn’t a crime The criminals are the government and record companies trying to take away people’s freedom and privacy
However, the lecturer asserts that ripping music off the web is
a crime
point
point
point
point
point
Q
A
Remember!