Because you only have 45 seconds to speak, develop a predictor thesis with two predictors only G+2TiC=C, for example: opinion = Personally, I believe that my mother has been the bigge
Trang 1Solution 1 Practice developing and delivering responses until you have
memorized G+TiC=C and you can remember it automatically
without notes
Reason #5 You blank out
Solution 1 You are trying too hard or are too nervous Try to relax When
you practice speaking, don’t time yourself, just speak until you are confident When you are more confident, then time yourself
2 Forget about trying to demonstrate OPDUL=C Just speak The more you speak, the more confident you will become
A clean start means you start speaking with no hesitation You state your opinion clearly and succinctly, then progress to your supporting illustration, for example:
G = Personally, I think that students should have part-time jobs while in high school
TiC = For example, when I was a high school student, I had a job at an
English bookstore in Budapest, Hungary My job was to put books on the shelves and help customers
A rough start means you are using conversational (non academic) English This will result in a lack of fluency and automaticity (OPDUL=C), and coherence (OPDUL=C), for example:
G = Yo I think it’s good Working in high school Everybody should do it
Make some money Cool
TiC = A good example? There are lots Really
A clean end means you clearly and succinctly restate your opinion and stop Resist the temptation to say more or to correct yourself, for example:
C = For those reasons, working in a bookstore in high school really
helped me to become more independent and responsible
Clean Start
Rough Start
Clean End
Trang 2A rough end means you are speaking conversationally This will result in a lack of fluency and automaticity (OPDUL=C), and coherence (OPDUL=C), for example:
C = Working was, you know, fun Everybody should do it That’s all
No Actually, I hated it Money causes nothing but problems Is this microphone on?
To maximize scoring, apply the following advanced strategies to develop a basic response into an advanced response
One way to develop a basic response into an advanced response is by adding a second body paragraph Do so by changing G+TiC=C to G+2TiC=C
Introduction G = opinion = general
TiC = body paragraph #1 = specific
Body
TiC = body paragraph #2 = specific
Conclusion C = restated opinion = general
A second body paragraph will result in greater topic development (OPDUL=C) For example, read the following prompt
Prompt Which person has been the greatest influence in your
life? Give examples and reasons to support and develop your opinion
Rough End
Advanced Strategies
G+2TiC=C
Trang 3Which is better? G+TiC=C or G+2TiC=C?
If can demonstrate OPDUL=C using G+TiC=C, good G+2TiC=C? Great What about G+3TiC=C?
If you try and develop three examples (G+3TiC=C), you will run out of time trying to develop all three body paragraphs
What if I keep running out of time when practicing using G+2TiC=C?
Develop only one example using G+TiC=C
One well-developed example is better than two or three examples that lack development
Personally, I believe that my mother has been the biggest influence in my life
For example, I am now in America working as an au pair An
au pair is like a babysitter who lives with an American family I
am doing this for a year in Stamford, Connecticut At first I didn’t want to come to America and leave all my friends in Estonia, but my mother said it would be a great experience and a great way to develop my English She was right Living with an American family has been a wonderful experience and
my English is so much better
Also, my mother is my inspiration When I was growing up, she was a high school teacher This was strange because all my friends’ mothers were housewives But my mother wanted to work She always told me to just follow my heart I remember these words whenever I have problems in America, and they give me strength
For those reasons, my mother has been the biggest influence
in my life
Words: 173
A
Q
Q
A
Q
A
Remember!
Trang 4To maximize scoring, apply the following advanced introduction strategies to
develop a basic response into an advanced response
A simple hook uses the information in the prompt In the following examples,
notice how the hook comes first, followed by the transition and the opinion
Combined, they form the introduction (G) of your response
introduction (G) = hook + transition + opinion
a Or Question Hook
For this hook, start with an or question Next, give a transition, then answer the
question The answer is your opinion, for example:
G Is surfing the internet dangerous or not? From my point of
view, I believe that surfing the net is not dangerous
b Restate-the-Prompt Hook
For this hook, first restate the prompt Next, give a transition, then state your
opinion, for example:
G The question is whether fast food is good or bad for children As
far as I’m concerned, I think fast food is bad for children
c Pro-Con Hook
For this hook, state the pro (positive) side and the con (negative) side of the
argument Next, give a transition, then state your opinion, for example:
G Some think that homeschooling is best for children while others argue that children should go to a regular school In my
estimation, I believe that homeschooling is best for children Advanced Introduction Strategies
Simple Hooks
Trang 5For this hook, start with a general fact Next, ask an or question Write a
transition, then answer the question The answer is your opinion, for example:
G Children all over the world watch a lot of television every day Is
it good or bad for them? Personally, I think it is bad for them
A complex hook uses information from researched sources, information you bring
to the test For complex hook strategies you can use to develop your introduction for this speaking task, see Complex Hooks for the Independent Essay
Watch the clock Hooks can use up a lot of time
Why is a hook an effective strategy? Because your introduction (hook + transition + opinion) will look like an inverted (upside down) pyramid in which the ideas
progress from general to specific
general (hook) Some think that homeschooling is
best for children while others argue
that children should go to a regular school
In my estimation,
specific I believe that homeschooling is best
(opinion) for children
The raters will listen for an inverted-pyramid introduction An
inverted-pyramid introduction demonstrates OPDUL=C
Complex Hooks
Inverted-Pyramid Introduction
Remember!
transition
Trang 6To maximize scoring, start your response with a predictor thesis Because you only have 45 seconds to speak, develop a predictor thesis with two predictors only
(G+2TiC=C), for example:
opinion = Personally, I believe that my mother has
been the biggest influence in my life
conjunction = because
predictor she encourages me (reason #1)
conjunction = and
she inspires me (reason #2)
Look at the following predictor thesis Notice how each predictor becomes a topic sentence in each body paragraph Notice also how she becomes the topic identifier
My mother in each body paragraph topic sentence (TiC)
G Personally, I believe that my mother has been the
biggest influence in my life
because
she encourages me
and predictor (reasons)
she inspires me
TiC My mother encourages me For example…
TiC My mother inspires me For example…
C For those reasons, my mother has been the biggest
influence in my life
Predictor Thesis
Trang 7Look at the following predictor thesis
Personally, I think that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
To demonstrate language use, replace “Personally” with a synonymous phrase, for example:
In my opinion,
As far as I’m concerned,
In my experience, I think that customers should be
In my view, allowed to return purchased items
In my estimation, for a full refund within thirty days From my experience,
From my perspective,
Personally speaking,
Next, look at the main verb think followed by that
Personally, I think that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
Replace think that with a synonymous phrase This will demonstrate language use (OPDUL=C)
1 In my experience, I feel that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
2 In my view, I posit that customers should be allowed to return
purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
3 From my perspective, I contend that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
4 Personally speaking, I believe that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
5 In my estimation, I postulate that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
6 From my perspective, I reason that customers should be allowed to return purchased items for a full refund within thirty days
Predictor Thesis: Using Synonyms
Trang 8Look at a following response with a predictor thesis Notice that the predictors unite with each body paragraph topic sentence This demonstrates organization, progression, development, unity and language use (OPDUL=C) This demonstrates coherence (OPDUL=C)
Only by practicing will you know if you can develop and deliver a spoken response that demonstrates a predictor thesis and OPDUL=C
in 45 seconds
Watch the clock A predictor thesis can use up a lot of time
A predictor thesis is an excellent advanced strategy; however, if your body paragraphs are not well-developed, a predictor thesis will not substantially increase your score A predictor thesis and well-developed body paragraphs will substantially increase your score
Personally speaking, I believe that my mother has been the
biggest influence in my life because she encourages and inspires me
My mother encourages me For example, I’m now in
America working as an au pair An au pair is like a babysitter who lives with an American family I am doing this for a year in Stamford, Connecticut At first I didn’t want to come to
America and leave all my friends in Estonia, but my mother said it would be a great experience and a great way to develop
my English She was right Living with an American family has been a wonderful experience and my English is so much better
Also, my mother inspires me When I was growing up, she
was a high school teacher This was strange because all my friends’ mothers were housewives But my mother wanted to work She always told me to just follow my heart I remember these words whenever I have problems in America, and they give me strength
For those reasons, I believe that my mother has been the biggest influence in my life
Words: 185
Remember!
Remember!
Trang 9The rhetorical why is a question you ask and answer yourself at the start of your argument Asking yourself why is like having a conversation with yourself More importantly, it signals the start of your argument It is also a good way to start speaking, especially if you are nervous or shy Look at the following examples
In the previous examples, notice how the rhetorical why is followed by the
predictor Notice also that the predictor begins with “Because.” “Because” signals the start of your argument
Often a rhetorical why is reduced to simply “Why?”, for example:
By simply asking why, you will save time Use that time to develop
your supporting illustrations
You can use the rhetorical why when writing your independent essay
Personally, I believe that my mother has been the biggest
influence in my life Why has my mother been the biggest
influence in my life? Because she encourages and inspires me
In my opinion, exercising is good for you Why is exercising
good for you? Because it reduces stress and helps you sleep
In my opinion, exercising is good for you Why? Because it
reduces stress and helps you sleep
Personally, I believe that my mother has been the biggest
influence in my life Why? Because she encourages and
inspires me
The Rhetorical Why
Remember!
Remember!
Trang 10To maximize scoring, apply the following advanced conclusion strategies to develop
a basic response essay into an advanced response
a Suggestion
For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a
suggestion
C In sum, I assert that video games are a bad influence on kids Instead
of playing video games, I think that parents should make their kids go outside and play
C As I have illustrated, video games are a bad influence on kids If you
want healthy kids, I suggest that you turn off the computer for a few hours every day and make your kids go outside and play
b Suggestion + Prediction
For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a
suggestion and a prediction Notice how the prediction contains the auxiliary verb
“will” to describe a future action
C In the final analysis, I contend that playing sports is good for
children They should try and play a winter sport like hockey and a summer sport like soccer or baseball It will teach them how to socialize and be team players
C In the end, I think that it’s better to spend the money you make Be
like me and spend all the money you earn By doing so, you will be happy and never worry about tomorrow
c Warning + Prediction
For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a
warning that contains a prediction of future of events
C It goes without saying that global warming is a serious problem
The ice at the North Pole is melting so fast that soon there will be no more ice, just water
Advanced Conclusion Strategies