Tài liệu Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 10 ppt

body paragraph topics education families endangered animals make a predictor thesis Personally, I agree.. I think that we need zoos because they are educational, they are fun for fa

A second way to write a predictor thesis is to work backwards Do so by first

mapping out, then writing, a basic independent essay up to Step #5

Step #1 Read the prompt; formulate an opinion

Step #2 Make a note map; state your opinion (G); restate it in your

conclusion (C); develop examples (3TiC)

Step #3 Type a first draft

Step #4 Check your first draft for Coherence using OPDUL=C

Step #5 Revise your first draft using your revision checklist

When you finish Step #5, you can: a) submit your essay if you have run out of time, or; b) if you have time, add a predictor thesis

Personally, I agree I think that we need zoos

For example, when I was 12, my teacher took us to the zoo in Berlin I had never seen wild animals before I had just read about them in books and seen them on the TV But seeing them in real life was amazing, especially the lions On TV, they looked so small, but seeing them alive they were really big By going to the zoo, I definitely saw things in a whole new light Now I have a family and we always go to the zoo every summer My wife makes a picnic and we spend all day there

My kids love taking pictures and learning all about the animals, especially the gorillas Being outside is good for my children Best of all, they can leave the internet and the TV at home Also, zoos look after endangered animals like pandas I saw two in the Washington DC zoo last year and they had a baby

If there were no zoos, the pandas would disappear because we are taking their land away However, in a zoo the pandas are safe It is not perfect, but without zoos there might not be any pandas left

For those reasons, I think that we need zoos

Predictor Thesis: When to Write

2

If you have time—and you want to add a predictor thesis—first identify the main

topic in each body paragraph In this essay, the main topic in body paragraph one

is education; the main topic in body paragraph two is families; the main topic in

body paragraph three paragraph is endangered animals Next, combine the main

topics and make a predictor thesis

body paragraph topics

education

families

endangered

animals

make a predictor thesis

Personally, I agree I think that we need zoos because they are educational, they are fun for families and they protect endangered animals

Personally, I agree I think that we need zoos

For example, when I was 12, my teacher took

us to the zoo in Berlin I had never seen wild animals before I had just read about them in books and seen them on the TV But seeing them in real life was amazing, especially the lions On TV, they looked so small, but seeing them alive they were really big By going to the zoo, I definitely saw things in a whole new light

Now I have a family and we always go to the zoo every summer My wife makes a picnic and

we spend all day there My kids love taking pictures and learning all about the animals, especially the gorillas Being outside is good for my children Best of all, they can leave the internet and the TV at home

Also, zoos look after endangered animals like pandas I saw two in the Washington DC zoo last year and they had a baby If there were

no zoos, the pandas would disappear because

we are taking their land away However, in a zoo the pandas are safe It is not perfect, but without zoos there might not be any pandas left

For those reasons, I think that we need zoos

Next: 1) add your predictor thesis to your introduction; 2) write a topic sentence for each body paragraph; 3) restate your predictor thesis in your conclusion

1) Personally, I agree I think that we need zoos because they are educational, they are fun for families and they protect endangered animals

2) Zoos are educational For example, when I was 12, my teacher took us to the zoo in Berlin I had never seen wild animals before I had just read about them in books and seen them on the TV But seeing them in real life was amazing, especially the lions On TV, they looked so small, but seeing them alive they were really big By going to the zoo, I definitely saw things in a whole new light

3) Zoos are also fun for families For example, I have a family and we always go to the zoo every summer My wife makes

a picnic and we spend all day there My kids love taking pictures and learning all about the animals, especially the gorillas Being outside is good for my children Best of all, they can leave the internet and the TV at home

4) Finally, zoos protect endangered animals For example, I saw two pandas in the Washington DC zoo last year and they had a baby If there were no zoos, the pandas would disappear because we are taking their land away However,

in a zoo the pandas are safe It is not perfect, but without zoos there might not be any pandas left

5) For those reasons, I believe that we need zoos because they are educational, they are fun for families and they protect endangered animals

Words: 251

To maximize scoring, apply the following advanced conclusion strategies to develop

a basic independent essay into an advanced independent essay

a Suggestion

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a

suggestion

C In sum, I assert that television is a bad influence on our children

Instead of watching so much television, parents should make their kids read a book, or make them go outside and play

C As I have illustrated, I believe that we need zoos If you want to have

fun and learn something new, you should go to a zoo

b Suggestion + Prediction

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a

suggestion and a prediction Notice how the prediction contains the auxiliary verb

“will” to describe a future action

C In the final analysis, I contend that television is bad influence on

our children They should spend at least one hour a day playing

outside It will make them happier and healthier

C In the end, I posit that it is better to save the money that you make

The best thing you can do is put your money in the bank In a few years, that money will help you buy a new car or help you go to university

c Warning + Prediction

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a

warning that contains a prediction of future of events

C It goes without saying that television is a bad influence on our

children It is creating a lot of fat and lazy kids who will develop

serious health problems when they are adults

C As far as I’m concerned, I believe that a new factory in my home

town is not a good idea It will create a lot of pollution and destroy our

beautiful neighborhoods with more traffic

Advanced Conclusion Strategies

d Rhetorical Question

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a

rhetorical question A rhetorical question will make your reader think about your

argument after your essay has ended

C Suffice it to say, I think that a new factory in my home town is not a

good idea How would you like a big smelly factory in your backyard?

C In my estimation, I believe that telecommuting has many

advantages Don’t you wish you could just fall out of bed and go to

work in your pajamas?

e Call-To-Action

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, then end with a

call-to-action Call-to-action means to tell people to do something (take action) with

an emphatic (strong) voice

C In sum, I conclude that television is a bad influence on our children

Parents, turn off the TV now!

C Finally, I assert that a new airport will be good for our town Support

the new airport! Invest in our future!

f Call-To-Action + Rhetorical Question

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, give a call-to-action,

then end with a rhetorical question

C In closing, I believe that television is a bad influence on our children

Parents, turn off the TV now! Do you really want unhealthy kids who are violent too?

C When all is said and done, I contend that a new airport will be good

for our town Support the new airport! Don’t you want to create jobs? You can also state the rhetorical question first, then end with a call-to-action

C In closing, I conclude that television is a bad influence on our

children Do you really want unhealthy kids who are violent too?

Parents, turn off the TV now!

C When all is said and done, I contend that a new airport will be good

for our town Don’t you want to create jobs? Support the new airport!

g Suggestion + Prediction + Rhetorical Question

For this strategy, start with a transition, restate your opinion, make a suggestion

and a prediction, then end with a rhetorical question

C In the final analysis, I conclude that television is a bad influence on

our children If you are a parent, tell your kids to turn the TV off and

read or go outside and play Doing so will definitely make your kids happier and healthier Isn’t that how you want your kids to grow up?

C All in all, I contend that the internet is a dangerous place If you do

not want to lose your money and your personal identification, you should always use spyware software when you surf the internet

Spyware software will protect you from internet criminals Better safe than sorry, right?

h Predictor Thesis Restated in Your Conclusion

To develop your conclusion, restate your predictor thesis in your conclusion After

you restate your predictor thesis, add a conclusion strategy

C In sum, I assert that we need zoos because they are educational, fun

for families and protect endangered animals Visit a zoo You will

definitely have a good time and learn something new

C For those reasons, I posit that exercising reduces stress, makes me

healthier and helps me sleep better If you want a happier and

healthier life, you too should exercise every day

i Predictor Conclusion + Synonyms

Look the following predictor thesis restated in the conclusion

C In conclusion, I believe that there are many advantages to working

from home, such as privacy, cost and seeing my children more

To demonstrate language use, replace the transition “In conclusion” with a

synonymous phrase, for example:

In the end,

As I have illustrated,

As the aforementioned examples show, I believe that there are many

When all is said and done, freedom

All things considered,

Why is an advanced conclusion an effective strategy? Because your conclusion will look like a pyramid in which the ideas progress from specific to general

specific In the final analysis, I conclude

that television is a bad influence on our children

If you are a parent, tell your kids to turn the TV off and read or go outside and play Doing so will definitely make your kids happier and healthier Isn’t that how you want your kids to

The writing raters will look for a pyramid conclusion A pyramid conclusion

demonstrates OPDUL=C

Does this conclusion demonstrate organization?

The test-taker is using a pyramid structure starting with the restated opinion (specific) followed by a suggestion, a prediction and a rhetorical question (general) This demonstrates organization Yes √ No _

Does this conclusion demonstrate progression?

The ideas move from the specific restating of the test-taker’s opinion to the stating of a general suggestion, prediction and rhetorical question This

demonstrates progression Yes √ No _

Does this conclusion demonstrate development?

The conclusion restates the test-taker’s opinion while the suggestion,

prediction and question offer general solutions to the problem of television

being a bad influence This demonstrates development Yes √ No

a Does this conclusion demonstrate topical unity?

The topic of television in the restated opinion and the topic in the

suggestion, prediction and question are the same This demonstrates topical unity Yes √ No _

b Does this conclusion demonstrate grammatical unity?

There are no errors in grammar The demonstrates grammatical unity

Yes √ No _

Pyramid Conclusion

O

P

D

U

Does this conclusion demonstrate proficient language use?

This conclusion uses a variety of sentence types including a conditional (If

you are a parent, you should tell your kids to turn the TV off and do

something else, like read or go out and play and meet new friends), the

future tense (Doing so will definitely make your kids happier and healthier)

and a rhetorical question (Isn’t that how you want your kids to grow up?)

Combined, these sentences demonstrates proficient language use,

specifically word choice and sentence variety Yes √ No _

Does this conclusion demonstrate coherence?

Because of proficient Organization, Progression, Development, Unity and

Language Use, this conclusion demonstrates coherence (OPDUL=C)

Yes √ No _

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_

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L

C

Notes

The following essays demonstrate how advanced strategies can turn a basic

independent essay into an advanced independent essay Check the rating for each essay on page 338

ETS says: “[A]n effective [independent] essay will usually contain a minimum of three hundred words.”

Demonstrate OPDUL=C first, then count words

Do we or don’t we need zoos? Personally, I agree with the statement I

think that we need zoos We need zoos because they are educational, they are fun for families and they protect endangered animals

Zoos are educational For example, when I was 12, my teacher took us to the zoo in Berlin I had never seen wild animals before I had just read

about them in books and seen them on the TV But seeing them in real life was amazing, especially the lions On TV, they looked so small, but seeing them alive they were really big By going to the zoo, I definitely saw things

in a whole new light

Zoos are also fun for families For example, I have a family and we always

go to the zoo every summer My wife makes a picnic and we spend all day there My kids love taking pictures and learning all about the animals,

especially the gorillas Being outside is good for my children Best of all, they can leave the internet and the TV at home

Finally, zoos protect endangered animals For example, I saw two pandas

in the Washington DC zoo last year and they had a baby If there were no zoos, the pandas would disappear because we are taking their land away However, in a zoo the pandas are safe It is not perfect, but without zoos there might not be any pandas left

For those reasons, I believe that we need zoos because they are

educational, they are fun for families and they protect endangered animals

If you want to have fun and learn something new, you should go to a zoo

Words: 280

Advanced Independent Essays

Remember!

Remember!

Agree-Disagree Prompt

Today, people have a big choice between laptop computers and desktop

computers So which do I prefer? Personally, I prefer a laptop because a

laptop is great for taking notes in class, portable and affordable

A laptop is great for taking notes in class For example, I’m a university

student and I need a laptop for my classes If I didn’t have a laptop, I’d

have to take notes by hand, and that would be really slow Also, my

handwriting is really bad, but with my laptop I can quickly take notes This

saves me a lot of time I couldn’t take notes with a desktop It is too big

and not made for carrying As you can see, a laptop is definitely best for

taking notes in class

Also, a laptop is portable For example, I can take my laptop anywhere to

study This is good because sometimes my roommate plays really loud

music This drives me nuts When he plays his music, I can’t do any

homework, so I go the library or Starbucks There I can do my homework

and connect to the internet with Wi-Fi Because my laptop is portable, I can

do these things Best of all, I don’t have to listen to my roommate’s music

In addition, a laptop is affordable For example, a few years ago laptops,

like my Sony Vaio, were very expensive but now you can get a really fast

laptop with lots of memory for cheaper than a desktop This is good

because I can save money With this money, I can buy other school things

like books

In the final analysis, I definitely prefer a laptop because it is great for taking

notes in class, portable and affordable What more do I need?

Words: 294

Preference Prompt