CC [6] allows the industries to manage and store information over the services of the Cloud, like Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). This also provides many features such as scalability, security, resource management, etc. [7]. CC also sanctions storage and data transfer through the internet with an uninterrupted transfer of pieces of information between the applications, IoT devices, and Clouds itself. When the capabilities of CC combine with the IoT, these stacks bring added services for the business applications and consumers. The Cloud ecosystem processes and analyzes
Fig. 7.1 Evolution of wireless mobile network
the data quickly to make an intelligent decision as soon as possible. The IoT developers can store the data remotely and access effortlessly through CC. As CC is booming nowadays and has fuelled the progress of IoT ecosystems. The evolving IoT architecture can be lavish/expensive without the Cloud infrastructure. Hence migrating IoT data into the cloud lets our cost reduce and has other advantages too and is discussed in the other sections.
It is very much likely that the readers are familiar with the concepts and usages of 3G and 4G networks, and the maximum of us are using also. The 5G is the next evolution generation of the wireless mobile network. Figure 7.1 shows the generation wise evolution of the wireless network, where firstly the 1G has come into the picture and was used for wireless phone calls, secondly the 2G has evolved and was used for basic texting, doing emails, and playing games. Then comes the 3G, which was used for accessing the web and have the flexibility for the streaming video contents. After 3G, 4G comes into existence, where this was used for HD streaming and video calls [8]. Finally, it reached 5G and has better functionality and has more functionality like smart city management, IoT data analysis, autonomous cars management, and remote robotics management. [Note every higher step is the having new services as well as the basic feature which was available in the lower generations] As we have discussed before the 5G will impose improvements to the IoT [9]. Any device we interact, will be linked to the internet and is able to transmit and communicate information. These pieces of information are collected and used efficiently and will support real-time decision-making. Let us understand the same using the two scenarios.
Scenario 1: The alarm clock is connected to the coffee maker, and the alarm clock passes the information to the coffee machine as when to start making the coffee.
[This is a prospective opening for all of us to learn how IoT is used nowadays for making our job easy and is almost limitless.]
Scenario 2: Smart cities management through IoT devices, where all the things will be connected, transmitting, communicating, and real-time analysis of the data will be happening, such as transport and traffic management, pollution and waste management, to improve and monitor energy utility.
Hence, in scenario 1 and scenario 2, communication plays an important role in quick decision-making. So we recommend, using 5G for bringing real possibilities for the advancements in the technological fields.
162 V. K. Prasad et al.
Fig. 7.2 Layered architecture for cloud computing with 5G based IoT
5G and Cloud Computing [10]: The requirement of virtual technology such as CC; demanded a need for the infrastructure and process a huge amount of data that is produced by the IoT and 5G technologies. These data which are stored at CC, are used for making decisions in real-time. The 5G will also transform the existing state of the CC and brings edge computing to the forefront to speed up the transmission of the decisions (like having the physical infrastructure processing data closer to the source/edge of the networks for faster information dispensation).
Figure 7.2 indicates the three layers architecture of the systems where the methodologies such as 5G, IoT, edge, and core cloud computing are used in collab- orative ways. The IoT or ubiquitous devices will communicate among themselves with the 5G, in a very fast and convenient way. As many of the IoT devices connect to each other, the coordination among the IoT devices will also increase. The huge data that will be generated via these IoT devices are processed in the edge or core cloud computing [11]. The edge computing is placed near the user’s devices, and this will result in decreased latency and response time. The edge computing also offloads the Core cloud computing jobs into itself. The edge computing is placed into the second layer and in the last layer, we have cloud computing. Cloud Computing comes into existence when we have a large number of daily data, and is collected with poor knowledge. To make use of these full data, this information must be mined into the acquaintance/knowledge. The generated knowledge and information is used to make a complex decision-making process in a timely way [12].
These methodologies excited us and motivated us to write a chapter based on the connectivity of the CC to the 5G based IoT ecosystems. The chapter focuses on the existing scenarios and identification of the new applications of the 5G based IoT.
The engineers, researchers, and scientists face tremendous challenges in designing the systems for IoT, which can be integrated into the 5G and CC.
2 State of the Art
A recent emerging concept for the future industry is Industry 4.0, which involves many primary enabling technologies such as IoT applications and CC [13]. In this section, the evolutionary stages of Industry 4.0, IoT networking technologies, its benefits, and the leading associated technology supporting like CC of the industrial revolution are briefly described. Later the issues are discussed. Depending on the requirements and problems of the respective era, the industrial revolution with the progression of time has several stages and is shown in Fig.7.3.
As shown in Fig.7.3the industry 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 were mainly based on Water and steam, electrical energy and assembly lines and automation, electronics and computers. Presently industry 4.0 is booming [14]. Industry 4.0 is a revolution in all fields, including finance, academic, research, industrial, and manufacturing organizations. The industrial revolution had an immense effect on the development
Fig. 7.3 Cloud-based IOT systems and evolution of the Industry 4.0
164 V. K. Prasad et al.
processes of many leading industries. The introduction of Industry 4.0 demands innovative changes with respect to automation, recognition, machine learning, com- munications via networks, digital production, manufacturing process, management of production control, decision-making, sensing, and analysis [15]. Researchers are focusing on providing the evolved form of these technologies in terms of versatility and rapid computational process to transform the industrial method. All this automation is very important in the industry and for a country’s economic growth [16].