use computer operating systems and hardware

... found in operating systems Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating ... operating systems Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating systems Describe several stand-alone utility programs Describe several stand-alone ... of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsChapter 8 Complete Define an operating system Discuss the functions common to most operating systems Discuss the functions common to most operating systems

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 03:28

... stand-alone operating systems Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems Identify various network operating systems Identify devices that use several embedded operating systems ... found in operating systems Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating ... operating systems Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating systems Describe several stand-alone utility programs Describe several stand-alone

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 13:23

... A user-level threads package (b) A threads package managed by the kernel. Trang 15Multiple user threadson a kernel thread User space Kernel space Kernel thread Kernel Fig 2-14 Multiplexing user-level ... File descriptors Time when process started CPU time used Children’s CPU time Time of next alarm Trang 61 Hardware stacks program counter, etc 2 Hardware loads new program counter from interrupt ... – 2 n – 1Scheduler Processes Fig 2-3 The lowest layer of a process-structured operating system handles interrupts and scheduling Above that layer are sequential processes. Trang 5Process management

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... ISSUES FOR PAGING SYSTEMS 4.7 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES 4.8 SEGMENTATION 4.9 RESEARCH ON MEMORY MANAGEMENT 4.10 SUMMARY Trang 2User programOperating system in RAM Operating system in RAM Operating system ... B (c) Operating system ; A B C (d) Time Operating system (e) D Operating system ;; ; ; B C (f) D Operating system ; A C Fig 4-5 Memory allocation changes as processes come into memory and leave ... pager Fault handler User process MMU handler 1 Page fault 6 Map page in 4 Page arrives 3 Request page Fig 4-34 Page fault handling with an external pager Trang 36Space currently being used by the

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... Trang 11User-level I/O software Device-independent operating system softwareDevice drivers Interrupt handlers Hardware Fig 5-10 Layers of the I/O software system. Trang 12Rest of the operating ... Separate I/O and memory space (b) Memory-mapped I/O (c) Hybrid. Trang 4CPU Memory I/OBus All addresses (memory and I/O) go here CPU reads and writes of memory go over this high-bandwidth bus ... I/O completed Perform I/O operation User processes Device-independentsoftwareDevice drivers Interrupt handlers Hardware Fig 5-16 Layers of the I/O system and the main functions of each layer.

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... painted on the screen Horizontalretrace Verticalretrace Fig 7-5 The scanning pattern used for NTSC video and sion. Trang 92 1 4 1 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DCT Coefficients 150 92 ... RMS and EDF real-time scheduling. Trang 14A1 B1B1 Trang 15Fig 7-14 (a) A pull server (b) A push server. Trang 16Frame 9000 instream 3 is sentat 8:20 min TimeStream Fig 7-15 Near video on demand ... min 2 min 3 min 4 min0 1800 3600 54001 800 3600 5400 72007200 3600 5400 7200User 1 7200 1800 36000 Fig 7-23 (a) Two users watching the same movie 10 sec out of sync (b) Merging the two streams

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... Application Hardware Run-time system Operating system Application Hardware (c) Run-time system Operating system Shared memory Application Hardware Run-time system Operating system Application Hardware ... copy of the operating system code The boxesmarked Data are the operating system’s private data for each CPU Trang 9CPU 2Slave runs user processes CPU 3 User processes OS Bus Slave runs user processes ... 2 1 Operating system Server CPU Server Network Fig 8-21 Steps in making a remote procedure call The stubs areshaded gray Trang 23Operating system ApplicationHardware (b) Run-time system Operating

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... vectorPrinter vector(b)Operatingsystem VirusSys call trapsDisk vectorClock vectorPrinter vector(c) Fig 9-15 (a) After the virus has captured all the interrupt and trap vectors (b) After the operating system ... domains as objects. Trang 26Fig 9-25 Use of access control lists to manage file access. Trang 28F3 Userspace Kernelspace C-list Fig 9-27 When capabilities are used, each process has a ity list. ... cryptographically-protected capability. Trang 30User processAll system calls go through the reference monitor for security checking Reference monitorTrusted computing baseOperating system kernel Userspace Kernelspace

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... Trang 110CASE STUDY 1: UNIX AND LINUXTrang 2Standards utility programs (shell, editors, compliers etc) Standard library (open, close, read, write, fork, etc) UNIX operating system (process management, ... system. Trang 4System calls Interrupts and trapsTerminal handing Sockets Network protocols Routing File naming ping Map-Page faults Signalhandling Process creation and termination Raw tty Cooked tty ... parent Allocate child's stack and user area Fill child's user area from parent Allocate PID for child Set up child to share parent's text Copy page tables for data and stack Set up sharing of open

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... HKEY3LOCAL3MACHINE Properties of the hardware and software HARDWARE Hardware description and mapping of hardware to driversSAM Security and account information for users SECURITY System-wide security ... 2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 HKEY3USERS Information about the users; one subkey per user USER-AST-ID User AST’s profile AppEvents Which sound to make when (incoming email/fax, error, etc.)Console Command prompt settings ... type object Handle table for process A Handle table for process B 1010 1011 1110 1111 0101 Fig 11-11 The relationship between handle tables, objects, and type objects. Trang 14Gdi32.dll User32.dll

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... tracking and analysis has a lot of applica-tions, such as surveillance systems and human computer in-terface (HCI) systems A vision-based HCI system need to locate and understand the user’s intention ... pinnacles of the previous and current objects are projected as (x1A ,t1A ) and (x1D ,t1D ) in camera 1, and as (z2A ,t2A ) and (z2D ,t2D ) in camera 2 The heights,t andt , are unknown since ... the similarity between model view and actual scene based on arbitrary edge contour Since the search space is 22 dimen-sions and the synthesis part uses the standard graph render-ing to generate

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... research use, resistance to research use, and potential strategies to enhance research use Resources (and a lack of them) may account for the observed disparities in research uptake across health systems ... unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in Trang 2environments? Over the past 10 years, considerableeffort has been placed on KT and evidence-based deci-sion-making and in understanding and ... than health systems However, the work of Dobson and Fitzgerald [21], Lavis et al [22-25], and Kitson [26] has contributed to an increased understand-ing about the challenges of usunderstand-ing

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... personal computers running network operating systems and distributed operating systems (Tanenbaum andVan Steen, 2002) In a network operating system, the users are aware of the existence of multiple computersand ... betweenlocal users and the files, programs, and databases they use on remote servers Middleware makes networkedcomputers look local to individual users' PCs or workstations and presents a consistent user ... MS-DOS (MicroSoft Disk Operating System)and quickly came to dominate the IBM PC market [Page 15] CP/M, MS-DOS, and the Apple DOS were all command-line systems: users typed commands at the keyboard.Years

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... all the user processesshells, editors, compilers, and user-written a.out programs Many user processes come and go as users log in, do work, and log out A running system normally has some user processes ... who its owner is As aresult, if user 1 starts up 9 processes and user 2 starts up 1 process, with round robin or equal priorities, user 1will get 90% of the CPU and user 2 will get only 10% of it ... interrupt handling, the low-level mechanics of managing context switches between processes (saving and restoring registers and the like), and low-level parts of manipulatingthe MMU hardware By and large,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... a look at clock hardware and software in general, and then we will see how these ideas are applied in MINIX 3 2.8.1 Clock Hardware Two types of clocks are used in computers, and both are quite ... mention For manipulatinglists, pointers to pointers are used extensively, and a comment on lines 7420 to 7436 explains their advantagesand use Two useful macros are defined BuildMess (lines 7458 to ... chain.Put_irq_handler also sets a bit in the global variable irq_use, to record that a handler exists for this IRQ If you fully understand the MINIX 3 design goal of putting device drivers in user-space,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... decades, users have communicated with computers using devices consisting of a keyboard for user input and a display for computer output For many years, these were combined into free-standing devices ... cylinders, and some disk designs require a change in the drive current to the read-write headsfor the inner tracks This is handled by the disk controller hardware and is not visible to the user (or ... that will never be used However, it is a nightmarefor the distributor of the software Supplying four different startup disks and advising users on how to usethem is expensive and difficult Thus,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... be chosen by the operating system Even if the hardware has beendesigned with, for example, 512-byte pages, the operating system can easily regard pages 0 and 1, 2 and 3, 4and 5, and so on, as 1-KB ... (indicated by a cross in the figure) and causes the CPU to trap to the operating system This trap is called a page fault The operating system picks a little-used page frame and writes its contents back ... is of no use in practical systems Below we will study algorithms that are useful onreal systems [Page 398] 4.4.2 The Not Recently Used Page Replacement Algorithm In order to allow the operating

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... handles sigreturn, which is used to return from a custom handler It restores the signal context that existed when the handler was entered, and it also calls check_pending on line19682 When a user ... because the user-space device drivers and servers of MINIX 3 need support forcommunication with the kernel that is not necessary in monolithic operating systems Fig 4-52 shows thesecalls and ... models used by MINIX 3 Small programs can have instructions and data inthe same memory segment Larger programs use separate instruction and data space (separate I and D).Processes with separate I and

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... older versions is useful not only for accessing files on older MINIX file systems, it may also be useful for exchanging files Other operating systems may use older MINIX file systemsfor instance, ... counters, and flags, and a body with room for onedisk block All the buffers that are not in use are chained together in a double-linked list, from most recentlyused (MRU) to least recently used (LRU) ... the block is in use,and a pointer to it is returned If a block is not found on the hash list, the first buffer on the LRU list can beused; it is guaranteed not to be still in use, and the block

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... #defineINTR_PRIVILEGE 0 /* kernel and interrupt handlers */ 05844 #define TASK_PRIVILEGE 1 /* kernel tasks */ 05845 #define USER_PRIVILEGE 3 /* servers and user processes */ 05846 05847 /* 286 hardware constants ... #defineUSE_ABORT 1 /* shut down MINIX */ 04728 #define USE_GETINFO 1 /* retrieve a copy of kernel data */ 04729 #define USE_TIMES 1 /* get process and system time info */ 04730 #define USE_SETALARM ... _PROTOTYPE( void intr_handle, (irq_hook_t *hook) ); 05159 _PROTOTYPE( voidput_irq_handler, (irq_hook_t *hook, int irq, 05160 irq_handler_t handler) ); 05161 _PROTOTYPE( void rm_irq_handler, (irq_hook_t

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21