Bài giảng Khám phá máy tính - Chương 8: Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Bài giảng Khám phá máy tính - Chương 8: Operating Systems and Utility Programs giúp các bạn biết cách nhận dạng loại phần mềm hệ thống, tiến trình khới động trên PC, chức năng của hệ điều hành, tiện ích trong các OS.

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Chapter 8

Operating

Systems and Utility Programs

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Chapter 8 Objectives

Nhận dạng: Loại Phần mềm Hệ thống

Tóm tắt: Tiến trình Khởi động trên PC

Thảo luận: Cách Hệ điều hành giúp Quản trị viên

kiểm soát mạng và Bảo mật

Thảo luận: Cách Hệ điều hành giúp Quản trị viên

kiểm soát mạng và Bảo mật

Giải thích: Mục đích của các tiện ích trong các OS

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của máy tính

Chương trình duy trì hoạt động của máy tính

Hai loại:

operating systems and utility programs

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provide a user interface

provide file management and other utilities

establish an Internet connection

control a

network

administer

security

schedule jobs and configure devices

manage memory

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 Chạy như nhau trên nhiều OS

 Operating system that computer uses is sometimes

called the platform

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Operating System Functions

Next

p 400 Fig 8-2

Turning on computer that has been powered off

Restarting computer that is powered on

 Process of starting or restarting a computer

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How does a personal computer boot up?

Next

p 400 - 401 Fig 8-3

Step 1.Power supply

sends signal to

com-ponents in system unit

Step 4. Results of POST are compared with data in CMOS chip

Step 2.Processor

accesses BIOS to start

computer

Step 3.BIOS runs tests,

called the POST, to

check components such

as mouse, keyboard,

and adapter cards

Step 5.BIOS looks for system files

in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD drive, and then hard disk

Step 6 Kernel (core) of operating

system loads into RAM

Step 7.Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 8, Click

Web Link from left

navigation, then click

BIOS below Chapter 8

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Đĩa khôi phục (recovery disk) ?

Next

p 402

Step 1.Click Start button on taskbar,

point to All Programs on Start menu,

point to Accessories on All Programs

submenu, point to Systems Tools on

Accessories submenu, and then point

to Backup.

Step 2.Click Backup on Systems Tools submenu to open the Backup Utility window (If Backup or Restore Wizard displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point

to Automated System Recovery Wizard button.

Step 3.Click Automated System Recovery Wizard button to create recovery disk Follow the on-screen

instructions and insert a diskette when prompted.

 Contains system files that will start computer when

computer cannot boot

 Also called boot disk

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Next

p 402 Fig 8-4

command-line interface menu-driven interface

 Controls how you enter data and instructions and how

information displays on screen

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What is a graphical user

interface (GUI)?

Next

p 402 Fig 8-4

 User interacts with

menus and visual

images such as icons

and buttons

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What is single user/

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Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives

Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

Continues to operate when one

of its components

fails

What are other program management features of

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Next

p 405 - 406 Fig 8-7

Step 1. The

operating system

transfers the least

recently used data

memory when they are needed.

 Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)

 With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is

allocated to function as RAM

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How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Next

p 406 - 407

Transferring items between storage and memory

Sending information

to output device

Processing instructions

Receiving data from input device

Adjusts schedule

based on

job’s priority

A job is operation the processor manages

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What is a device driver?

Next

p 407

Device Driver

Program that tells operating system how to communicate

with device

With Plug and Play , operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them

Also called driver

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Plug and Play below Chapter 8

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How do you install a device driver?

Next

p 408 Fig 8-9

Step 1 Open Control

Panel window Point to

Printers and Other

Hardware link.

Step 2. Click Printers and Other Hardware link Point

to Add a printer link.

Step 3 Click Add a printer link Follow on-screen instructions.

Step 4.Add Printer Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers

on your computer If it finds any such printers,

it installs them.

Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer.

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How do you establish an Internet connection?

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How does an operating system monitor performance?

Next

p 409 Fig 8-11

 Provides program, called performance monitor ,

that assesses and reports information about

system resources

and devices

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Next

p 410 Fig 8-12

 Allows users to share printer, Internet

access, files, and programs on a network

 Administers security

by establishing user

name and password for

each user

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Operating System Utility Programs

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Next

p 412 Figs 8-14–8-15

 Performs functions such as copying, renaming,

deleting, and moving files

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in personal firewall upon installation

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Personal Firewalls below

Chapter 8

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Next

p 413

In Windows XP, uninstaller is in Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel

Removes a program and all associated files

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Next

p 414 Fig 8-17

 Detects and corrects problems on

hard disk or floppy disk

 Searches for and removes

unnecessary files

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 Reorganizes files and unused space on hard

disk so programs run faster

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utility) ?

Next

p 414 Fig 8-19

 Compiles technical

information about hardware

and some software

 Prepares report outlining

problems

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Video: How to Tell When Your Hard Drive’s About to Die

Protect your hard drive and prevent devastating data loss

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Next

p 415 Fig 8-20

 Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto

another disk or tape

 Most compress files

during backup to

require less storage

space

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Next

p 415 Fig 8-21

 Causes monitor’s screen to display moving

image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time

 To secure computer,

user configures screen saver to require

password to deactivate

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Screen Savers below Chapter 8

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dependent Runs only on specific

Device-type of computer

Types of Operating Systems

What are some characteristics of operating systems?

Next

p 415 - 416

Downward compatible Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system

Upward compatible Runs on new versions of operating system

Proprietary software Privately owned and limited to specific vendor

or computer model

independent Runs on many manufacturers’ computers

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Types of Operating Systems

What are three categories of operating systems?

Next

p 416

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Next

p 417

D

Developed in early 1980s for personal computers

O

Used command-line interface when first developed, later included menus

S

Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI

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How do Windows versions compare?

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 Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Windows XP below Chapter 8

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Windows XP Features

Appearance and Performance

Administration

Help and Support

Communications and the Web

Digital Media

What are some features of Windows XP?

Next

p 418

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Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Mac OS X below Chapter 8

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Click to view Web

Web Link from left

UNIX below Chapter 8

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Network Operating Systems

What are examples of network

Windows Server 2003

Upgrade to Windows

2000 Server

UNIX / Linux

Multi-purpose operating system

Solaris

 Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems

 Specifically for e-commerce applications

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

NetWare below Chapter 8

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Embedded Operating Systems

Next

p 416 Fig 8-30

 Found on most mobile

computers, PDAs, and other

small devices

 Windows CE is

scaled-down version of

Windows

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What are two operating systems for PDAs?

Next

p 423 - 424 Figs 8-31–8-32

 Windows Mobile for Pocket PC

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Windows Mobile

below Chapter 8

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Palm OS below Chapter 8

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What is Symbian OS?

Next

p 425 Fig 8-34

 Open-source, multitasking operating system

designed for smart phones

 Make telephone calls,

save appointments,

browse Web, send

and receive e-mail

and faxes, and more

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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

Next

p 425 Fig 8-35

SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION

 Potentially damaging computer program

 Affects computer without user’s knowledge

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Next

p 426 Fig 8-36

 Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage

media, and incoming files

 Must be updated frequently

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What is spyware?

Next

p 426

 Program placed on a computer without the user’s

knowledge that secretly collects information about the user

 Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing

a new program

 A spyware remover is a program that detects and

deletes spyware

Click to view Web

Web Link from left

Spyware Removers below

Chapter 8

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Pop-up Blockers

What are internet filters?

Web Filters

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Next

p 427 Fig 8-37

 Shrinks size of files to free up room

and improve performance

 Compressed files are sometimes called

zipped files

 Two popular utilities:

PKZIP and WinZip

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Next

p 428 Fig 8-38

 Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to

a recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD

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Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 8 Complete

Define an operating system

Discuss the functions common to most operating systems

Introduce several utility programs commonly

found in operating systems

Introduce several utility programs commonly

found in operating systems

Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems,

and embedded operating systems

Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems,

and embedded operating systems

Describe several stand-alone

utility programs Describe several stand-alone

utility programs

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