the oxford introduction to protoindoeuropean

... Father Christmas's Thomas's To form the plural possessive, they add an apostrophe to the s of the plural in the normal way, e.g bosses' the octopuses' tentacles the Joneses' dog the ... within the word to connect a prefix or suffix to the stem With most prefixes and suffixes it is normal to write the whole compound as a single word; the use of the hyphen is exceptional, and the ... which there arises uncertainty, difficulty, or disagreement The proper aim of a usage guide is to resolve these problems, rather than describe the whole of current usage The Oxford Guide to English

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 09:55

... gnosticism; language, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, problems of the phil-osophy of; metaphysics, history of; mind, history of the philosophy of; ... language, history of the philosophy of; law, history of the philosophy of; macrocosm and microcosm; materialism; mathemat-ics, history of the philosophy of; medieval philosophy; metaphysics, history ... language, problems of the philoso-phy of; Lexicon, the Philosophical; logic, history of; mathematics, history of the philosophy of; meaning; metaphysics, problems of; mind, history of the philoso-phy

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... other is an impetus to togetherness— the desire of philosophers to find companions, to be able to interact with others who share their interest to the extent of providing them with conversation ... terms The premisses contain two occurrences of one of the terms, the middle term It is by virtue of relations of the other two terms to the middle term that the conclusion, containing the other ... differentiation—the desire of individual philoso-phers to ‘do their own thing’, to have projects of their own and not be engaged in working on just the same issues as everyone else The other is an impetus to

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... structures of society, the role of the anarchist is to challenge these structures and to demand their justification prior to accepting them In accord with the anarchists’ view of the state as an instrument ... exercise it for the benefit of those below them, and if they hold offices of authority they are accountable to those below them and recallable by them The abolition of the state precludes not the organization ... and argument; the importance of understanding in the pursuit of the good life; the need to analyse the nature of the human person; the importance of the concept of justice in defining the nature

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... of the first antinomy— which requires that both thesis and antithesis be false— applies to the others But he also suggests that in the case of the dynamical antinomies both thesis and antithesis ... derivatively If the house constructed by the builder does not correspond to the architect’s plan then the builder has made a mistake—the house is not true to the architect’s plan It is not that the plan ... related to the knowing mind then truth is primarily in the mind and secondarily in the thing, whereas if the thing is accidentally related to the knowing mind then truth is pri-marily in the thing

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... history of mathematics and Aristoxenus wrote on music Theophrastus and the next head of the Lyceum, Strato, were independent thinkers, prepared to criticize Aristotle’s views, and to develop their ... head, Aristotle left Athens, lived for a while in Assos and Mytilene, and then was invited to return to Macedonia by Philip to tutor Alexander Aris-totle returned to Athens in 335 at the age of ... perfectly into one package of ideas There has been, in these respects, an attempt to formulate clear and precise accounts of Aris-totle’s views, rather than to rest content with the ‘Aristotle of

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... (1918), 179), together with the facts composed of these atoms Atomism as a theory of matter dates back to the ancients Hume’s atom-ism is psychological: the ultimate constituents of the world are ... Bailey, The Greek Atomists and Epicurus (Oxford, 1928). atomism, psychological.The view that the ultimate con-tents of the mind consist in self-standing items owing their significance to no other ... tied to differences in sense-experience, so that the theory of innate ideas is implaus-ible; that the presence of something to the mind—the sensible idea of the sun, say—often continues beyond the

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... claims to knowledge about them For example, our access to the physical world seems to be only via our own sense-data, to the minds of others via their behaviour, and to the past via our memories There ... wished their life to be ended—for instance, in the case of voluntary *euthanasia On the contrary, respect for the person’s autonomy would then require one to comply with their wishes Another application ... modify some of them and to endorse others, and to act upon these second-order *freedom; autonomy and heteronomy; autonomy, personal Gerald Dworkin, The Theory and Practice of Autonomy (Cambridge,

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... has come to be used, perhaps, to put a good face on the largess of the better-off to the worse-off It thereby introduces doubts about the moral value of benevolence The question of the moral ... best understood if we take the primacy of the economic to be an assertion not about causal influences but about historical tendencies The Marxian theory holds that human history makes the most sense ... recognized as existing by a given theory is to belong to the domain assigned to the variables of quantification of that theory according to its standard interpretation’ But another well-known dictum of

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... reaches the brain, and thereupon causes *‘ideas’ to arise in the mind; and these are the items of which the observer is really aware In some respects these ideas faithfully represent to the mind the ... explanation of the polar bear’s whiteness does not refer to the future camouflaging of the bears, but to the fact that their past camouflaging led to the natural selection of their whiteness The centrality ... content, or whether the thesis of ‘the survival of the fittest’ simply collapses into the empty truism that ‘whatever survives, survives’ However, there are ways of formulating the theory so that

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... between which they hold into a single thing; moreover, their togetherness does not seem particularly due to the rela-tion since they have already (logically speaking) to be together to provide a ... together with the other one (3) Finally, you may treat the relation as an aspect of the terms taken together as constituting a unit But that betrays the very notion of a relation by merging the ... component, then it seems to require to be related to its terms by fresh relations, and these to be related to those relations and their terms by further ones, and so on in an impossible regress (2) To

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... with the help of such sceptical arguments as the following The reliable means of knowledge are estab-lished by appeal to the reality of the objects they make us know; but the reality of the objects, ... busi-ness ethics has called into question whether Western-type approaches to ethical theory actually enjoy the universal-ity which they claim or to which they aspire The primary focus of international ... says) to five ‘great, just and honourable causes’: the emancipation of the House of Commons from the control of George III and the ‘King’s friends’; the emancipation of the American colonies; the

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World This page intentionally left blank The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European ... intentionally left blank Introduction The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and The Proto-Indo-European World Wlls the need for a relatively concise introduction to the full range of reconstructed ... the blending of the original language with other elements that made them appear less closely related to the three classical tongues Critical to this entire model is the actual evidence that the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:19

... father! (*phater) The accusative denotes the direct object, e.g 8 ´ I saw the father (*phaterm ); the genitive indicates possession, e.g the father’s cow (*phatros) The Wnal four cases are the ... endings, there were changes that could be made to the beginning of the verb as well These comprise the augment and reduplication The augment was merely the addition of a particle *h1e- to the beginning ... the endings of the Wrst, second, and third persons singular The other type, which has left only traces in the other IE groups, has the endings -hi, -ti, and -i instead On the other hand, Anatolian...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... *gheluhxs tortoise is found in Slavic (e.g OCS zely) and Grk khelus If we were able securely to reconstruct the tortoise to Proto-Indo-European, we would have another marker for the Proto-Indo-European ... either case, the diVerent semantic speciWcations of the dangerous one or the tearer in Anatolian and the rest of Indo-European may suggest semantic shift as one (the Anatolians) or the other ... natural territory of the camel might one of three things with their original word camel: They might simply abandon the word altogether as they and their linguistic descendants were not likely to encounter...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... *h2en´ ¯ *mehater ‘of the same father’ ‘father; procreator’ ‘father’ ‘father’ ‘father, papa’ ‘son’ ‘son’ ‘son’ ‘grandson; (?) nephew’ ‘descendant’ ‘father’s mother’ ‘mother’ *h4en*n-h4en*h4em*m-h4em*haekkehaˆ ... of ‘grandfather’ and ‘mother’s brother’, but then each group shows a diVerent derivation for ‘mother’s brother’, suggesting the Omaha-like equation of ‘grandfather’ and ‘mother’s brother’ was ... similar to the one ancestral to Tocharian has been widely borrowed into the Uralic languages, e.g Proto-Balto-Finnic-Lapp´ ´ Mordvin *waske ‘copper, brass’, Proto-Ugric *was ‘metal, iron’, Proto¨...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... due either to the fact that *tek the verbal root itself is ambiguous or the fact that the craft of the carpenter also included the construction of wattled (woven) walls The herdsman, *westor-, ... anda(n) in) The widespread *haed meant to (e.g Irish ad- to, Lat ad to, at, NE at, Phryg ad- to) as did *do or *de (e.g OIr do, Lat do-nec up to, NE to, Lith da up to, OCS up to, Grk -de toward, ... fall together in many IndoEuropean languages and there does not seem to be a set of diVerent roots to distinguish the two activities in Proto-Indo-European The closest we can come to a Proto-Indo-European...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... words for the names of birds are often onomatopoeic and in addition to these there are a number of other words associated with the speech of animals That the language of animals is speciWc to one’s ... but the Indo-Iranian and Celtic ¯ ¯ evidence is insuYcient to allow us to reconstruct ‘praise-put’ to Proto-IndoEuropean; the phrase may well have been independently created at either end of the ... Hrothgar, and Halga the good’ To go further and reconstruct the actual metrical system of the Proto-Indo-Europeans has been attempted a number of times and there is no doubt that there are striking...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... reasoning, the Proto-Indo-European homeland is placed in Anatolia, requiring all the other Indo-European languages to separate oV from Anatolia (either to the east or to the west), or the homeland ... was the closest to the proto-language, but over the course of the next century two other contenders appeared The archaic nature claimed for Anatolian made it possible to suggest that it was the ... across historical Iran and India varies from the extremely meagre to total absence: both the Anatolian and the Kurgan theory Wnd it extraordinarily diYcult to explain the expansion of the IndoEuropean...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20