structure preservation and the transfer principle

... model The MDL principle finds a compromise between the size of the model and the accuracy of the data description Our selectional preference model relies on Li and Abe (1998), applying the MDL principle ... minimises the sum of encoding both the model and the data The model length (ML) is defined as k ∗ log2 |S|, ML = with k the number of concepts in the partial hierarchy between the top concept and the ... According to the MDL principle, the model with minimal description length should be chosen The description length itself is the sum of the model length and the data length, with the model length...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... practicing, and producing medicines and fertilizers, and therefore enlarges the audience for this book beyond the scope of soil, agricultural, and chemical science The book starts by examining the concepts ... chelation, and bridging reactions, and deviations from the concepts are questioned as aberrations The importance of these interactions in soils, agriculture, and the environment are addressed, and the ... almost all of the biochemical compounds synthesized by plants and other soil organisms These substances are usually subject to further degradation and decomposition reactions, and are the main sources...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... during the years, has set the stage for the development of the concepts and types of humic substances followed today It triggered in the beginning a flurry of investigations and the ligno-protein theory ... Africa, Scandinavia and the tundras in the arctic region Many of the coastal plain streams and swamps of the Southeastern United States carry also dark colored water, attributed to the presence ... fouling the water supply in the Lake Waco area, the Playa lakes in the high plains, and east Texas Sitting right on top of the recharge zones of the Paluxy, Trinity and Ogallala aquifers, these...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... does this relate to the soil carbon sequestration theory? On the other hand, the monomers, as noted in Figure 4.14, can also react together as such They are then expected to form the smallest possible ... for differentiating the humic substances The lighter the color of the humic substance, the steeper the slope, whereas the darker the color the more horizontal tends to be the spectral line Fulvic ... 1985;Nissenbaum and Kaplan, 1972), and the Maillard reaction by others (Ziechmann, 1994; Stevenson, 1994) It is a hypothesis using sugar and amine as starting and key components for the synthesis of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... weight percentages on the composition of these substances and on the role they play in molecular structure He has used them for the determination of molecular weights and formulas, and in distinguishing ... In the opinion of Schnitzer and Preston (1986), this discrepancy is attributed to the inclusions of amides and esters in the analysis by NMR spectroscopy On the other hand, lack of reactivity and ... in almost all the other books covering humic acid structures For these and several other humic acid structures of historical value, reference is made to the books of Stevenson and Orlov, mentioned...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... Tan (2000) and molecular weight By assuming that the humic molecules are spherical in shape, the larger the size of the molecule of the humic compound isolated, the larger will be the numerical ... molecules and their spectra reflect the responses of the many different molecular species The use of poorly prepared humic samples and the publication of poorly resolved spectra have aggravated the ... between 2980 and 2920 cm-' and two strong absorption bands for carbonyls and carboxyls in COO at 1720 and 1650 cm-', respectively In addition, the humic acid spectrum lacks the strong band at 1000...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... pairs to the metal ion The latter is usually a metal in the series of transition metals The ligand, therefore, fits the definition of a Lewis base and the metal is then the Lewis acid The compound ... distribution of these groups in the humic molecule The larger the concentrations of the functional groups, the higher will be the negative charges of the humic molecule The relative distribution of these ... is the electron-pair donor The latter is usually called a or ligand, and may assume the form of an anion (HK) a neutral molecule (NH,) The metal ion serves as the central atom, and the ligands...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... process, on the other hand N is being added in the humic structure These processes cause the C/N ratio of the humic substances to decline to the narrowest ratio at which C and N can exist together in ... mechanism The humo-Ca-clay mineral chelates are considered the reasons for the preservation of soil organic matter (humic acids) and for the development of granular structures and other favorable ... indication of the reduction-oxidation status of the soils It affects the oxidation and reduction states of H, C, N, , S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and many other elements, and as such controls the solubility and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... and are bound between the progesterone and the protein (Fig 7A) In comparison to the oxidized structures, the FMN isoalloxazine ring is less planar, with both the N5 atom and the C8-C7 methyl groups ... to the very rapid formation of the charge -transfer intermediate and the small absorption changes it was not possible to evaluate the dissociation constant for the oxidized enzyme-NADPH charge -transfer ... Properties of the H181A and H184A enzymes The structure of PETN reductase solved in complex with prednisone, progesterone, 1,4-androstadiene (Fig 1A) and 2-cyclohexen-1-one indicate that these ligands...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... remote and magnificent island.” Then I considered the essay’s title: The Island at the End of the Earth.” Hmm In many seagoing cultures, the islands at the end of the world are where the dead and ... into the northeast And then it hits It’s a sheer change; the Andrea Gail enters the Sable Island storm the way one might step into a room The wind is instantly forty knots and parting through the ... here, another there, a third and a fourth some other place; they grow, they become rivers, and they converge! The piece ends with something new and big, a veritable Mississippi At the other end...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 07:20

... protection, and the effectiveness of compliance and enforcement This chapter examines the tensions between the principles of precaution and pollution prevention, on the one hand, and actual practices ... practices relating to landbased pollution control in the Arctic, on the other Following an introductory summary of the sources of land-based marine pollution in and into the Arctic, further sections review ... serve as further avenues for controlling land-based pollution relevant to the Arctic: the 1992 Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic and the 1992...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 09:20

... for existing structures pt(d) = [Pt(d) –c/i]/q What about the price of land beyond the current border (b0) In t years from now the border will have expanded to b0egt Inverting, land at distance ... growth [g=0] the multiple is the inverse of the discount rate – at all locations More? Capozza/Helsley MIT Center for Real Estate 11) Like land rent, land price is a residual from structure price, ... Notice that as g hits zero the last term vanishes Where are land prices most volatile as g fluctuates? MIT Center for Real Estate Land Price p0 (d) The components of Land Prices Current Location...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 15:15

... Directors) • the senior deputy governor, • the deputy minister of finance, and • twelve outside directors Copyright  2011 15 - Formal Structure of the Bank of Canada II • The Board appoints the governor ... the Board of directors established a new senior decision making authority called the Governing Council • The Council is chaired by the governor and is composed of the senior deputy governor and ... Before the creation of the Bank, the federal government and the early banks issued notes designed to circulate as currency • By 1945, however, the Bank had a monopoly over note issue in the country...

Ngày tải lên: 05/01/2014, 16:57

... to the differences between the plants in terms of transfer success or failure Plants and failed to take on the knowledge transfer, whereas the other four succeeded Transfer of Knowledge and the ... knowledge transfer not understand the purpose and the contents of it, if they cannot see the reasons for it, they are likely to be less motivated to support and contribute 121 CASE STUDY For all these ... if and why they have succeeded, their view on the nature of knowledge, the way they manage the system centrally and locally, organizational interrelations, control routines, local team work, and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 17:20

... The model has two endogenous states, which are the stocks of each type of debt, bS and bL , and one exogenous state, the output of the economy, yt The state t t of the economy at date t is then ... element of the sum on the right-hand side, the term δ n−1 corresponds m −n to the coupon rate due in period t + n; (1 + r) is the lender’s n-period discount factor; and the term under the integral ... prices, and in the liquidity and insurance benefits of these two assets, which rationalize the movements in spread curves and maturity composition observed in the data 5.2.1 Prices and Spreads In the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 02:20

... disentangle the contributions of the systematic factor and of the regulation One can expect some correlation between the regulatory variables outi (t) and out2i (t) on the one hand, and the variables ... correlation between the earnings from term transformation and the risk premia on loans In times of a boom the term structure tends to be steep and the risk premia (and thereby the mark-up) tend ... models: the full model (column 2), the model without the regulation variables (column 3) and the model with only the regulation variables (column 4) The R2 of the full model is 17.24%, i.e the combined...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... earn income, i.e., the cash flow right And third, the owner has the right to transfer the share and the associated control and cash flow rights to another party The value of the share depends ... describe the sample, data sources, and the ownership structures of the sample firms We then test the hypothesis developed in the previous section by - 14 - analyzing the relations between the corporate ... because they are not covered by the PACAP database The merging of the 1996 ownership data and the 1991-1995 stock return and financial data requires us to assume that the ownership and control structures...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 01:20