nizar habash and ryan m roth

... compiled from typing in France and in the United States. II. Materials and methods A. Animals The animals used in these studies were from 13 different breeds : Normande, ... and the M blood group system is presented and a recombination frequency of 0.04 was estimated. The possibility of a linkage disequilibrium in the BoLA-M system chromosomal ... systems were well known. Among the 11 systems identified, 2 complex systems had been considered as prime candidates for the hypothe- tical MHC of cattle : the B system

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... expanding demandfor information on technological developments of smartmaterials and devices In addition to information for manu-facturers and assemblers of smart materials, components,systems, and ... electromechanical systems (MEMS), magne-tostrictive materials, shape memory alloys (SMA) and poly-mers, and conductive polymers are in the early stages of commercialization The next wave of smart ... engineering, and medical applica-tions) Smart material and system developments are fied and have covered many fields, from medical and bio-logical to electronic and mechanical For example, a manu-facturer

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... by selective placement of phase change ma-terials and thermoelectrics The smart assembly wouldmaximize functionality and minimize the number ofcomponents materi-Many development activities have ... development of formalmathematical structural optimization methods (15).Aileron reversal usually has the most severe staticaeroelastic impact on aerodynamic forces and moments.But all other aerodynamic ... classification system A smart material may be considered as a replacement for a con-ventional material in many components and applications, but most smart materials have inherent “active” behaviors, and, as

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... and 1.6% in the 3–5 µm bandpass Alternatively, an object at 1000 K emits 8.9% of its total flux in the 8–12 µm bandpass and 36% in the 3–5 µm bandpass This discussion of infrared emitting ... samples and repeated measurements, there was consistently more than a fourfold reduction in the amount of transmitted visible light This loss of transmission was attributed to scatter due to ments ... dimen confined to a few square millimeters within the gan From the standpoint of chemical compositi is no difference, as indicated by FT-IR analysis The FT-IR spectra from shed IR pit skin and

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... electroluminescent mate-rial Figure 14 gives the spectrum of the ML for ZnS:Mn thin films, along with the photoluminescence (PL) and elec-troluminescence (EL) The ML exhibits a maximum emis-sion band ... bending, andshearing Figure 1(a) shows a schematic diagram of an mea-ML measurement device capable of measuring mea-ML strain–stress relations simultaneously Stress is applied on eachsample by a materials ... are ZnS: Mn, MAl2O4:Re (M= alkaline metals, Re = rare-earth metals), and SrMgAl10O17:Eu (28–32) So far the most promising ML materials are the rare-earth ions doped al-kaline aluminates and the

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... thermodynamics Both the complementarydegeneracy requirements and the symmetry properties of L and M are extremely important in formulating proper L and M matrices when modeling nonequilibrium materials. ... fading memory Flow properties and memory of smart materials are characterized by the numerical values of the parameters in this and other similar but more complex CEs More com-plex CEs make more ... Examples of symmetric and un-symmetric composite laminate lay-up sequences are shown in Fig 21 Trang 9Figure 21 Examples of symmetric and nonsymmetric laminates for the general 0◦/90◦cross-plyand+λ/

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... manipulator Commonsize robots Precision robotics Mechanic m Atomic force microscope Linear positioning device Watches Mobile micro-robots Electrostatic motors mm Micro-mechanisms (MEMS) µm Molecular ... Siemens Sma need to build smarter and more sophisticated automobiles Smart sensors and devices can be used to control traction, steering, and suspension and monitor tire pressure and sense and ... systems to e purchases from home or local stores To minimize fuel consumption and improve ciency, formulas must be developed based on fac as the lane miles of roadway, vehicle miles tra level of mail

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... tubule material within thecylindrical pores of a nanoporous membrane Commercial “track-etch” polymeric membranes and anodic aluminumoxide films have been used as the porous substrate.Aluminum oxide, ... smallmolecules (scheme 1) The imprinting process consists materi-of a template molecule (T ) that preorganizes functional, polymerizable monomers (M ) This template assembly (T A) is copolymerized ... polymers are almost exclusivelycomposed of highly cross-linked organic polymers Thesepolymers may be prepared using a variety of monomersand polymerization methods By far, the most commonmethod has

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... surface minum beam 3.0 mm thick, 30 mm wide, and 460 (350 mm long as a cantilever beam) (27) This e for a 109-µm thick paint film cured at room tem and poled at 240 kV/cm for The spectrum tained from ... 10− (m/m), e32 = ∼6.8 × 10−3 (C/m2 )/(m/m), and h33 106 (V/m)/(m/m), determined in essentially the s described before for smart paint films This indic the sensitivity of smart paint films is comparab ... 0.2 mm thick that has 50 mm sides This examp 152-µm thick paint film cured at room tempera poled at 184 kV/cm for The spectral shape from the paint film is similar to that obtained laser vibrometer

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... (1995). 21 M Maeda, C Nishimura, A Inenaga, and M Takagi, Reac-tive Functional Polym 21: 27–35 (1993). 22 D Umeno, T Mori, and M Maeda, Chem Commun 1433– Trang 2826 S.J Lee and K Park, J Mol Recognition ... African green monkey more effi-ciently compared to liposomes not treated with the poly-mer (102) Polymeric micelles formed by smart polymersand liposomes modified by smart polymers could be usedfor ... Germany methacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate) MW 150 000 and alkaline media Poly(diethylaminoethylmethacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate) (commercialized as Eudragit E) is an example of such a polymer

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... application. Shape-memory alloys may also be trained to exhibit a two-way shape memory effect Similar to the thermal shape-memory effect, two-way shape memory (TWSM) requires special thermomechanical ... system was developed to obtain meaningful comparisons between the performance of the SAW and optical chilled-mirror, dew-point mea-surement techniques This system permitted simultaneous measurement ... examples applica-TYPES OF SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS General Theory Shape-memory alloys (SMAs) are known primarily for onefundamental and unique property—the ability to remem-ber and recover from large

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... of time there may be (1) no transformation, (2) a single transformation from among A→ M, M → A, M → M, or (3) a multiple transformation consisting of M→ M in con-cert with one of M→ A, A → M Case ... detailed computational simulation of the system as a whole BASIC MATERIAL BEHAVIOR AND MODELING ISSUES The term shape-memory material (SMM) is meant to en-compass a wide class of metallic alloys ... variable models Ortin and planes have developed a detailed thermody-namic framework for SMM materials (32) that provides a basis for thermomechanical modeling and the experimen-tal determination of material

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... balancing M1and M2cations are located Within the Zr2(PO4)3 −units, there is num-a trigonnum-al prismnum-atic site thnum-at is usunum-ally empty There num-areapproximately octahedral sites (site symmetry ... negative ther-mal expansion properties This family derives its name from the parent composition Na Zr2(P O4)3and has generalformula M1 M2 A2(BO4)3, where M1, M2, A, and B can be a variety of metal cations ... environmental stimuli are sought as compo-nents of smart systems Similar to photochromic materi-als, thermochromic materials reversibly respond to heat and exhibit substantial color changes upon small

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... minimum required damping using an optimum damping system, the design also should be optimized from the standpoints of weight, size, and cost The method for determining the minimum required sys-tem ... the develop-ment of constitutive models for SMAs Some of the most prominent and commonly used ones are those by Tanaka (26), Liang and Rogers (24), and Boyd and Lagoudas (27) These models are ... the maximum expected dynamic force, the dynamic displace-ment, and the maximum expected bending stress in the beam due to a 5-G sine vibrational input. W L L2 Figure 7 Simply supported beam that

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... 72, p 29 4 33 M.M Thackeray, Prog Solid State Chem 25 : 1 (19 97) 34 A Manthiram and J Kim, Chem Mat 10 : 28 95 (19 98) 35 A Manthiram and J Kim, Recent Res Dev Electrochem 2: 31 (19 ... into thermal mass systems for maximum exploitation of a building’s thermal iner- tia. Although theoretically sound, thermal mass systems have three major problems: (1) very slow response time, (2) ... system. A smart material may be considered as a replacement for a con- ventional material in many components and applications, but most smart materials have inherent “active” behaviors, and,

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... According to Crystal Centrosymmetry and Polarity Non-Centro (11) m3m m3 6/ mmm 6/m 4/mmm 4/m 3m 3 mmm 2/m centro (21) Polar (pyro- electric) (10) where E is the electric field and d is the piezoelectric ... embedded in a mer matrix The rod diameter, spacing between them, Trang 12poly-composite thickness, volume% of PZT, and polymer com-pliance influence the composite’s performance The most common ... Song and M.J Sailor, J Am Chem Soc 120: 2376–2381 (1998). 30 J.H Song and M.J Sailor, Inorg Chem 38: 1498–1503 (1999). 31 J.M Holland, M.P Stewart, M.J Allen, and J.M Buriak, J Solid State Chem

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... background on cement-matrix compositesand emphasizes the carbon-fiber cement-matrix compositedue to its dominance among intrinsically smart cement-matrix composites Carbon-fiber cement-matrix composites ... knowledge and complexity because it is motivated by both commercial and military demands for superior materials Composite materials, based on ideas emulating from nat-urally occurring materials, ... and thermal diffusivity. Sand is a much more common component in concrete than silica fume It differs from silica fume in its relatively large particle size and negligible reactivity with cement

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... 4-trimethylsilystyrene (TMS), byradical polymerization of the corresponding monomers indimethylformamide (DMF) The mole fractions of HEA,DMA, and TMS in the copolymer were 0.6, 0.2, and 0.2, re-spectively Membranes ... degraded by mechanical and thermal fa-tigue and damage by space debris To compensate for errors in performance such as observation, monitoring, and com-munication, measurements of strain, deformation, ... graphite/epoxy composite is qualitatively similar Area : 3 mm × 3 mm W : 0.24 mm GAP : 0.15 mm Electrode (Cu) W Gap tCu= 35 µm tSi= 0.2 mmSubstrate (Si-varnish) < AA' section > Figure 13 Schematic

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... Shirai, J Chem Soc Chem Commun 390 (1993). 85 K Hanabusa, Y Matsumoto, T Miki, T Koyama, and H Shirai, J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1401 (1994). 86 S Bhattacharya and S.N.G Acharya, Chem Mater 11: 3121 (1999). ... range of microamps/cm2, or nanoamps/cm2instead of milliamps/cm2for nosilicate particulate systems Drastic reductions incurrent do not occur in semiconductor systems alumi-3 Expanded temperature ... reversible upon removal of the field; such mechani-a mmechani-aterimechani-al cmechani-an mechani-almost instmechani-antmechani-aneously be solidified mechani-andliquefied by applying and removing the

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... Welcome Day for students of the M Sc Economics programme During the Welcome Day, students receive comprehensive information on the master programme, the School of Business, Economics and ... compulsory modules and a master thesis The electives and compulso- ry modules have to be completed within the rst three se- mesters while the master thesis is written in the fourth semester ... successful completion of the PEP program These 120 CP are distributed across the electives, compulsory modules and the master thesis as follows:   Module 1: Methodology and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20