introduction to network simulator ns2 2nd edition free download

... CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON Second EditionTrang 3Chapman & Hall/CRCTextbooks in Computing Series Editors John Impagliazzo Andrew McGettrick Ted Herman, A Functional Start to ... Student Needs to Know Iztok Fajfar, Start Programming Using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript Mark C Lewis and Lisa L Lacher, Introduction to Programming and Problem-Solving Using Scala, Second Edition Aharon ... section first to get the big picture.Type and Run the example to see what it does. Reread the section to dig into the details. Write as many of the exercises as you can. Review the section to make

Ngày tải lên: 04/03/2019, 16:12

... & Sons, Inc., Publication Trang 4INTRODUCTION TO MODERN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Third Edition Trang 6INTRODUCTION TO MODERN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Third Edition LLOYD R SNYDER LC Resources, ... Trang 2INTRODUCTION TO MODERN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Third Edition LLOYD R SNYDER LC Resources, Inc Orinda, CA JOSEPH J KIRKLAND Advanced Materials Technology Wilmington, DE JOHN W DOLAN ... Do?, 4 1.2 A Short History of HPLC, 6 1.3 Some Alternatives to HPLC, 8 1.3.1 Gas Chromatography (GC), 8 1.3.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), 9 1.3.3 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), 10

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... Chromatography, Dekker, New York, 2000 41 Y Ito and W D Conway, eds., High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography, Wiley, New York, 1996 42 J.-M Menet and D Thiebaut, eds., Countercurrent Chromatography, ... Switching, 79 2.7.7 Retention Predictions Based on Solute Structure, 80 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R Snyder, Joseph J Kirkland, and John W Dolan Copyright ... of HPLC for use in the laboratory, in order to develop an adequate separation (method development), to carry out a routine HPLC procedure for sample analysis, or to solve problems as they arise

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... adjacent atoms or groups) Hydrogen bonding interactions are shown in Figure 2.8c, for two cases: an acidic (or proton-donor) solvent (methanol) interacting with a basic (proton-acceptor) solute ... preferred for various reasons Therefore it is important to be able to estimate (or calculate) values of k for the different peaks in a chromatogram, which in turn requires a value of the column ... conditions that are primarily used (and recommended) to control k, α, or N, respectively (e.g., %B is varied to control k or α, column length is varied to control N). aFor ionizable solutes (acids or

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... pump and detector, sample valve, detector flow cell) add to the total pressure measured at the pump outlet, but the sum of these contributions is usually minor (10–20%) compared to values of P ... (2.13) and (2.13a) to be in error by ±20% or more Despite the ability of most HPLC systems to operate at 5000 to 6000 psi, it may be desirable to limit the column pressure drop to no more than 3000 ... 2.19) by some factor x, which then results in a decrease in ν by the same factor (Eq 2.18a) The flow rate corresponding to F opt must accordingly be increased by the factor x, in order to compensate

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... tailing, in contrast to ‘‘exponential’’ tailing in (a). Trang 7Table 2.5Relation of Peak-Tailing and Peak-Asymmetry Factors Peak-Asymmetry Factor (at 10%) Peak-Tailing Factor (at 5%) of TF) The ... acetonitrile-water, 35◦C) and D m= 10−5cm2/sec (corresponds to a sample molecular weight of 300 for the latter conditions) with F given by F=3V mDm where V m is the column dead-volume (equal to ... 60% acetonitrile-water, 35◦C), D m= 10−5cm2/ sec (corresponds to a sample molecular weight of 300 Da for the latter conditions), and a column pressure P= 2000 psi are now widely used to compare

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... However, at the option of the chromatographer, it is possible to expand this preferred retention range somewhat, for example, to 0.5 ≤ k ≤ 20 Alternatively, regulatory agencies may recommend k ≥ ... heights are normalized to 100% for tallest peak in each chromatogram Simulated chro-matograms based on data of [50, 51] changes in both %B and temperature, it is possible to achieve a maximum resolution ... gradient elution) However, this topic is not essential for using or developing RPC methods For that reason some readers may prefer to skip to Section 2.5.3, and return to this section at a later time.

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... another peak in the chromatogram Poor batch-to-batch reproducibility of the column is today an infrequent problem It is more likely to arise for complex samples where the chromatogram is crowded and ... reasons: • to avoid an undesirable change in separation due to a sample size that is too large • to increase detection sensitivity for trace analysis, by using the largest possible sample size • to maximize ... injections 1 to 4, the peak begins to widen and then develops a flat top For Equation (2.27) and the examples of Figure 2.22, we assume the delivery of an undistorted (i.e., cylindrical) sample plug to

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... Practical HPLC Method Development, 2nd ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1997 45 L R Snyder and J J Kirkland, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, 2nd ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, ... MS detection to (1) recognize each of two overlapped peaks and (2) assign a (usually unique) molecular mass to each peak in the chromatogram [75] 2.7.5 Secondary Equilibria Chromatographic retention ... possible to predict chromatographic retention in HPLC with an accuracy that is anywhere near sufficient to support method development (see [88] for a failed example) An interesting exception to these

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... Accumulator-Piston Pumps An alternative design for the dual-piston pump is the accumulator-piston, or tandem-piston design shown in Figure 3.13d In this case, one piston feeds into the other piston ... to close and the intermediate check valve to open Half of this 2 mL/min flow (1 mL/min) would be used to fill the top piston and half would be pumped directly to the column The accumulator-piston ... the top piston (Fig 3.13d) would pump at 1 mL/min While the top piston delivered solvent, the top (outlet) check valve would be open and the intermediate check valve (inlet for the top piston)

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... to inject nearly all of the sample, the push-to-fill autosampler does not waste much The push-to-fill autosampler design uses a low-pressure needle-seal that generally is trouble free These autosamplers ... valve rotor then is moved to the inject position (Fig 3.20b), and the sample is pumped onto the column Note that no needle seal is used in this type of autosampler The pull-to-fill autosampler ... The push-to-fill autosampler is an automated version of the manual injector In the load mode (Fig 3.21a) the needle draws sample from the sample vial into a connecting tube attached to a mechanically

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... a graphical chromatogram for a visual inspection of the quality of the data. As laboratories move to paperless records, the chromatogram may be viewed only on a computer monitor. For qualitative ... the laboratory. Some of these functions will help with regulatory compliance (Section 3.8.6 and Chapter 12), some are used to help coordinate work activities, and some may be used to support ... not already have one) and would be transferred to a freezer (freezer location, date, and time logged) for holding until analysis. When it is time to analyze the sample, a sample-analysis table

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... basis should avoid this, although some laboratories stretch this to two weeks It is a good idea never to ‘‘top off’’ the aqueous solvent, but instead to use a clean reservoir for each new batch ... operator’s manual, replacement of the needle seal every six months will help to avoid problems The autosampler is the component of the HPLC system that is most likely to leak; it is wise to inspect ... on the detector; consult the detector manual for more information Waste Container The waste container is a system component that is easy to overlook It is wise to check it daily to ensure that

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... 158 4.3 INTRODUCTION TO INDIVIDUAL DETECTORS, 160 4.4 UV-VISIBLE DETECTORS, 160 4.4.1 Fixed-Wavelength Detectors, 163 4.4.2 Variable-Wavelength Detectors, 164 4.4.3 Diode-Array Detectors, 165 ... Quadrupoles and Ion Traps, 188 4.14.3 Other MS Detectors, 190 4.15 OTHER HYPHENATED DETECTORS, 191 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R Snyder, Joseph J Kirkland, ... Detectors Some characteristic of a sample is unique to that sample, or at least is not common to all analytes, and the sample-specific detector responds to that characterstic The UV detector is

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... monitoring with the variable-wavelength detector), the DAD can contribute to peak identification The DAD can be operated to collect data at one or more wavelengths across a chromatogram, or to ... Light transmitted through the flow cell strikes the photodetector (usually a photodiode) and is converted to an electronic signal Most UV detectors operate in a differential absorbance mode, where ... selectivity, as well as the ability to change wavelengths during a chromatographic run The most widely used detector in HPLC today is the variable-wavelength UV detector shown schematically in Figure

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... directed to a photodetector, where it is monitored and converted to an electronic signal for data processing Because fluorescence is emitted in all directions, it is common to monitor the emitted ... detection limits to 50 fg on-column of dopamine However, to operate under high sensitivity, extra care must be taken to use highly purified mobile phases to reduce background noise In order to reduce ... susceptibility of the EC detector to background noise and electrode contamination has earned it a reputation as a difficult detector to use However, newer units are much more trouble free and can provide

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... heat-exchanger required Sensitive to temperature changes Reliable, fairly easy to operate Nondestructive of photodiode-array technology to the RI detector allows multiple photodiodes to be used for detection, ... the column to the detector so as to minimize temperature fluctuations Refractometers are convenient and reliable, although generally not as trouble free and easy to operate as UV detectors RI baseline ... photodiode detector output (a) photodiode array (b) Figure4.22 Schematic of a deflection refractive index (RI) detector (a) Dual-photodiode detector; (b) photodiode array detector (lamp and flow cell not

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20

... in network protocols and services.  Mechanisms to protect networks.  Security tools. Overview of This Course  TCP/IP Suite  Vulnerabilities and solutions  Security protocols built on top ... response to ping  Improper response to ARP queries  Improper response to DNS queries  Source routing to suspicious node  Employing a honeypot  Network latency monitoring  Time-domain reflectometers  ... tools to test and protect networks  Network security theory and practice  In homework  Explore TCP/IP vulnerabilities in detail by exploiting them using CASL  Learn to analyze a TCP/IP network...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... F(c) = y 7 return c 4. Cryptographic Protocols One of the major contributions of modern cryptography is the development of advanced protocols providing high-level cryptographic services, such as ... public-key encryption schemes are given, taking into account the computational complexity of attacking algo- rithms. A short introduction to cryptosystems, whose security can be proven by information-theoretic ... and decrypts the authenticator with the session key. The client uses a ticket from the ticket-granting server as in the basic model to authenticate to a service in the network. 4.1.2 Diffie-Hellman...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2014, 11:47

... of C-l does not go up to an extremely large number. In order to avoid I B I / I I: I = 010 in computation, it is suggested to use the following formula to compute the inverse ... processes are time-sampled to form random vectors. The explicit expres- sions for Z;' and I Zi I are known for this covariance matrix as 12 Introduction to Statistical Pattern ... can make y close to 2 for a wide range of p by selecting v = 0.4. This transfor- mation with v=O.4 was applied to obtain Data RADAR of Chapter 2. 1 Introduction 5 When...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:24