computer hardware ii memory and recording

... Editors Command interpreter Application programs System programs Operating system Machine language Microarchitecture Hardware Physical devices Fig 1-1 A computer system consists of hardware, system ... program can access memory between the base and the limit (b) Use of two base-limit pairs The program code is between Base-1 and Limit-1 whereas the data are between Base-2 and Limit-2 Disk drive ... to handler (a) Interrupt handler (b) Fig 1-10 (a) The steps in starting an I/O device and getting an interrupt (b) Interrupt processing involves taking the interrupt, running the interrupt handler,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... Processes n–2 n–1 Scheduler Fig 2-3 The lowest layer of a process-structured operating system handles interrupts and scheduling Above that layer are sequential processes Process management Registers ... User ID Group ID Fig 2-4 Some of the fields of a typical process table entry 1 Hardware stacks program counter, etc Hardware loads new program counter from interrupt vector Assembly language procedure ... process items Address space Global variables Open files Child processes Pending alarms Signals and signal handlers Accounting information Per thread items Program counter Registers Stack State Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... (m) (n) A B C A B C A B C R S T R S T R S T (o) (p) (q) Fig 3-4 An example of how deadlock occurs and how it can be avoided R A B C S D F U W G (a) T E D V U R E V G (b) Fig 3-5 (a) A resource ... Fig 3-13 (a) Numerically ordered resources (b) A resource graph Condition Mutual exclusion Hold and wait No preemption Circular wait Approach Spool everything Request all resources initially Take...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... buy more physical memory To allow programs and data to be broken up into logically independent address spaces and to aid sharing and protection Fig 4-37 Comparison of paging and segmentation ; ... sends virtual addresses to the MMU CPU Memory management unit Memory Disk controller Bus The MMU sends physical addresses to the memory Fig 4-9 The position and function of the MMU Here the MMU ... 2(A0) 16 Bits 1000 1002 MOVE 1004 } Opcode } First operand } Second operand Fig 4-32 An instruction causing a page fault Main memory Disk Main memory Pages Disk Pages Swap area Swap area Page table...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... CPU reads and writes of memory go over this high-bandwidth bus CPU Memory All addresses (memory and I/O) go here (a) I/O CPU Memory I/O This memory port is to allow I/O devices access to memory ... typical device, network, and bus data rates Two address 0xFFFF… One address space Two address spaces Memory I/O ports (a) (b) (c) Fig 5-2 (a) Separate I/O and memory space (b) Memory- mapped I/O (c) ... ASCII escape character (0x1B), and n, m, and s are optional numeric parameters CPU Graphics adapter Memory Video RAM Bus Video controller Analog video signal Parallel port Fig 5-38 With memory- mapped...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... within each record Number of bytes in the key field Date and time the file was created Date and time the file was last accessed Date and time the file has last changed Number of bytes in the ... free list on a linked list (b) A bitmap Disk Main memory (a) (b) (c) Fig 6-22 (a) An almost-full block of pointers to free disk blocks in memory and three blocks of pointers on disk (b) Result ... system file for has been backed up; for needs to be backed up for ASCII file; for binary file for sequential access only; for random access for normal; for delete file on process exit for unlocked;...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... multimedia and high-performance I/O devices Note that Mbps is 106 bits/sec but GB is 230 bytes Frame English subtitles Hello, Bob Hello, Alice Nice day Sure is How are you Great And you Good ... Fiber Junction box Distribution network Video server Cable TV coaxial cable (b) Fig 7-1 Video on demand using different local distribution technologies (a) ADSL (b) Cable TV Source Mbps Telephone ... 15 483 Horizontal retrace Vertical retrace Fig 7-5 The scanning pattern used for NTSC video and television Y 640 I 320 240 RGB 640 240 480 480 8-Bit pixel Block (a) 24-Bit pixel Block 4799...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... system Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Shared memory Shared memory Shared memory (a) (b) (c) Fig 8-22 Various layers where shared memory can be implemented (a) The hardware ... users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS I/O Memory OS Locks Bus Fig 8-9 The SMP multiprocessor model CPU Word 1000 is initially Memory ... C+ M (c) Fig 8-1 (a) A shared -memory multiprocessor (b) A messagepassing multicomputer (c) A wide area distributed system C+ M Shared memory Private memory Shared memory CPU CPU M CPU CPU M CPU...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... Applet (a) (b) Fig 9-18 (a) Memory divided into 16-MB sandboxes (b) One way of checking an instruction for validity 0xFFFFFFFF Virtual address space Untrusted applet Sandbox Trusted applet Interpreter ... been called (c) Buffer overflow shown in gray First page (in memory) F A B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A (a) (b) A Second page (not in memory) Page boundary Fig 9-12 The TENEX password problem (c) ... enter and search it */ } else { /* no (file), infect it */ if (access(dp->d name,X OK) == 0) /* if executable, infect it */ infect(dp->d name); } closedir(dirp); /* dir processed; close and return...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... write, and execute Owner and group can read, write, and execute Owner can read and write; group can read Owner can read and write; all others can read Owner can everything, rest can read and execute ... device drivers Hardware Fig 10-3 Structure of the 4.4BSD kernel Process Signal creation and handling termination Process scheduling Process dispatching pid = fork( ); if (pid < 0) { handle error( ... System call interface Standards utility programs (shell, editors, compliers etc) Standard library (open, close, read, write, fork, etc) UNIX operating system (process management, memory management,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... CONFIG HKEY CURRENT USER Description Properties of the hardware and software Hardware description and mapping of hardware to drivers Security and account information for users System-wide security ... boxes Painting and drawing Text Bitmaps and icons Colors and palettes The clipboard Input Description Create, destroy, and manage windows, Create, destroy, and append to menus and menu bars Pop ... ReadFile(inhandle, buffer, BUF SIZE, &count, NULL); if (s && count > 0) WriteFile(outhandle, buffer, count, &ocnt, NULL); } while (s > && count > 0); /* Close the files */ CloseHandle(inhandle); CloseHandle(outhandle);...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... call handler File system File system m Virtual memory Driver Driver Driver n Threads, thread scheduling, thread synchronization Interrupt handling, context switching, MMU Hide the low-level hardware ... Toolsmith Tester Language lawyer Duties Performs the architectural design and writes the code Helps the chief programmer and serves as a sounding board Manages the people, budget, space, equipment, ... documentation, which must be written by the chief programmer The administrator and editor each need a secretary Maintains the code and documentation archives Provides any tools the chief programmer needs...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:35

... ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 11 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 12 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 13 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 14 BASIC ... ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 28 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 29 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 30 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 31 BASIC ... HARDWARE- II 016'5 31 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 32 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II 016'5 33 BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & HARDWARE- II %JCRVGT6JTGG 16*'4&+)+6#.%+4%7+65...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 21:13

... uniform memory access multiprocessors (UMAs) with fully shared memory and nearly uniform memory access times for all data; non-uniform memory access multiprocessors (NUMAs) with shared memory ... distributed speech understanding system called Agora [3] This work is being done on Mach and currently makes use both of Mach memory sharing and message passing Both communication and memory sharing are ... Fault Handling The Problems of External Memory Management 6.1 Types of Memory Failures 6.2 Handling Memory Failures 6.2.1 Analogy to Communication Failure 6.2.2 The Default Pager 6.2.3 Reserved Memory...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

... more cost-efficient and competitive as compared to its financially weak parent organization III DISADVANTAGES OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Despite some advantages of Mergers and Acquisitions, in ... synergies and economies of scale, expanding operations and cutting costs Investors can take comfort in the idea that a merger will deliver enhanced market power M&A comes in all shapes and sizes, and ... Benefits of Mergers and Acquisitions are the main reasons for which the companies enter into these deals Mergers and Acquisitions may generate tax gains, can increase revenue and can reduce the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2013, 12:00

... externally connected memory 13.2 Pins for Memory Connection Table 13.2 shows the pins relating to memory connection provided for the H8/3048 and their functions Connected memory size Since there ... HWR and LWR signals are output For details, refer to the section describing connection between the CPU and memory [Explanation with motion pictures and sound] 13.3 Read Timing from External Memory ... are input to the memory OE pin When the CPU is in read mode, the RD signal and OE are set at low and reading starts This completes logical connection between the CPU and the memory Next, it must...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 11:20

... lightColors.gotoAndStop with the frame number We’ll name the movie MemoryGame.fla and the ActionScript file MemoryGame.as So, that means the Document Class needs to be set to MemoryGame in the ... and the game is over 126 Chapter 4: Brain Games: Memory and Deduction NOTE Perhaps the most well-known version of the memory game is the 1978 handheld electronic toy Simon It was created by Ralph ... action, and then the next situation is set up You can think of these as turnbased games In this chapter, we look at two such games: memory and deduction The first game asks the player to watch and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2013, 20:15

... Routing algorithms and metrics 2008/7/19 IGP and EGP Link state and distance vector Routing protocols 10.3 The Mechanics of Subnetting Classes of network IP addresses Introduction to and reason for ... in the calculation Simplicity and low overhead The simpler the algorithm, the more efficiently it will be processed by the CPU and memory in the router Robustness and stability A routing algorithm ... ability to assign a network number and a host number to each individual device IP / IPX NetBEUI ?? 2008/7/19 Routable and routed protocols (cont.) 2008/7/19 Routable and routed protocols (cont.) The...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 16:46