anatomy and physiology chapter 12 the central nervous system

... horn motor neurons and fibers of the pyramidal tract swallow, and breathe the immune system, or both Trang 47Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Developmental Aspects of the CNS • CNS is established ... nerves Thoracic spinal nerves (a) The spinal cord and its nerve roots, with the bony vertebral arches removed The dura mater and arachnoid mater are cut open and reflected laterally. Trang 9Copyright ... A P T E R Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 The Central Nervous System: Part D Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Spinal Cord: Embryonic Development neuroblasts

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 00:48

... higher brain centers and the spinal cord • Relay impulses between the motor cortex and the cerebellum and VII (facial) Trang 32Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12.16bReticular formation ... • Impulses from the hypothalamus for regulation of emotion and visceral function • Impulses from the cerebellum and basal nuclei to help direct the motor cortices learning, and memory Trang ... 1PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R 12 The Central Nervous System: Part B Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Lateralization of Cortical

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 10:54

... Inc. 12 The Central Nervous System: Part A Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Central Nervous System (CNS) • Evolutionary development of the rostral (anterior) portion of the CNS ... form the neural crest, which will form much of the PNS and many other structures. 3 Neural crest Trang 8Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12.1, step 4 The neural groove becomes the ... fissure • Separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum PLAY Animation: Rotatable brain Trang 29Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12.6aPostcentral gyrus Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Frontal

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 07:50

... Technical and Community College C H A P T E R Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 The Central Nervous System: Part C Trang 2Functional Brain Systemsspan wide areas of the brain • ... Inc.Limbic System expressions, assesses danger, and elicits the fear response emotions via gestures, and resolves mental conflict Trang 6Limbic System: Emotion and Cognitionlobes, therefore: ... produced by the choroid plexus of each ventricle 1 CSF flows through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space via the median and lateral apertures Some CSF flows through the 2 1 2 3

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 10:28

... flexors and pronators in the forearm, and some intrinsic muscles of the hand • Ulnar—supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris, part of the flexor digitorum profundus, most intrinsic muscles of the hand, ... Axillary—innervates the deltoid, teres minor, and skin and joint capsule of the shoulder • Musculocutaneous—innervates the biceps brachii and brachialis and skin of lateral forearm • Median—innervates the skin, ... Pearson Education, Inc. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity: Part C Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Spinal Nerves their point of issue from the spinal cord Trang 3Copyright

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 16:00

... 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Trang 2Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)glands for body activities Trang 3Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)Trang 4Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system ... Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervoussystem (ANS) Sympathetic division Parasympatheticdivision Trang 5Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Trang 7Efferent Pathwaysup each pathway from the CNS ... Lacrimal gland Nasal mucosa Ciliary ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion Submandibular and sublingual glands Lung Liver and gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Urinary bladder and ureters

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 06:34

... endings Trang 3Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)Motor (efferent) division Sensory (afferent) division Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Sympathetic division ... T E R 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity: Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Sensory receptors • Peripheral nerves and associated ... upward to the appropriate brain regions • Conduct impulses from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex (perceptual level) Trang 27Processing at the Perceptual Level• Identification of the sensation

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 03:06

... Inc.Precommand Level • Neurons in the cerebellum and basal nuclei in advance of willed movements Trang 12Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Precommand Level • Cerebellum areas of the brain ... control and their interactions Precommand Level(highest) • Cerebellum and basal nuclei • Programs and instructions (modified by feedback) Projection Level (middle) • Motor cortex (pyramidal system) ... the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the sarcolemma. ACh binding opens ion channels that allow simultaneous passage of Na + into the muscle fiber and K + out of the muscle fiber.

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 11:28

... 13.2Trang 23IX: The Glossopharyngeal Nerves• Fibers from the medulla leave the skull via the jugular foramen and run to the throat • Motor functions: innervate part of the tongue and pharynx for ... swallowing, and provide parasympathetic fibers to the parotid salivary glands • Sensory functions: fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the pharynx and posterior tongue, and impulses ... • Fibers from the pons travel through the internal acoustic meatuses, and emerge through the stylomastoid foramina to the lateral aspect of the face • Chief motor nerves of the face with 5

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 16:07

... (a) Lens is flattened for distant vision Sympathetic input relaxes the ciliary muscle, tightening the ciliary zonule, and flattening the lens. Sympathetic activation Trang 10Copyright © 2010 Pearson ... increase refractory power bulge the lens can achieve constricts the pupils to prevent the most divergent light rays from entering the eye toward the object being viewed Trang 12Copyright © 2010 Pearson ... Transmission in the Retina graded potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) them to stop releasing the inhibitory neurotransmitter glutamate depolarize and release neurotransmitter onto ganglion cells the optic

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 05:52

... vertebrae (7)—vertebrae of the neck • Thoracic vertebrae (12)—vertebrae of the thoracic cage • Lumbar vertebrae (5)—vertebra of the lower back • Sacrum—bone inferior to the lumbar vertebrae • Coccyx—terminus ... Curvatures • Increase the resilience and flexibility of the spine • Two posteriorly concave curvatures • Cervical and lumbar • Two posteriorly convex curvatures • Thoracic and sacral • Abnormal ... pulposus Inferior articular process Median section of three vertebrae, illustrating the composition of the discs and the ligaments Trang 8Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.17cVertebral

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 07:16

... Actions of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg PLAY A&P Flix™: Actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg PLAY A&P Flix™: Actions of the muscles of the posterior ... E R 10 The Muscular System: Part D Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints hip and extend the leg at the knee (foreswing of walking) flex the leg ... joints—inversion and eversion of the foot • Toes—flexion and extension PLAY A&P Flix™: Movements of the ankle and foot (a) Trang 23Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Leg • Tibialis anterior

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 11:41

... Pearson Education, Inc.The Lower Limb bones in the metatarsus, and 14 phalanges in the toes Trang 33Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Femur the hip and distally with the tibia and patella Trang ... 35Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Bones of the Leg • Medial leg bone • Receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot • Not weight bearing; no articulation with ... Inc.Comparison of Male and Female Pelves Bone thickness Lighter, thinner, and smoother Heavier, thicker, and more prominent markings Pubic arch/angle 80˚– 90˚ 50˚– 60˚ Acetabula Small; farther apart Large;

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 12:57

... stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver Pelvic cavity Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum Trang 24Superior mediastinumPericardial cavity within the mediastinum Pleural cavity ... Stomach (a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs Trang 31Other Body Cavities ... Frontal (coronal) plane  Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts Trang 16Spinal cord Subcutaneous fat layer Body wallRectum Intestines Left and right lungs Liver Heart Stomach Spleen Arm (a)

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 03:19

... forearm by the biceps brachii muscle exemplifies third-class leverage The effort is exerted on the proximal radius of the forearm, the fulcrum is the elbow joint, and the load is the hand and distal ... Inc.Suprahyoid Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat (they move the hyoid bone and larynx) • Form the floor of the oral cavity • Anchor the tongue • Move the hyoid bone and the larynx Trang 37Copyright ... fulcrum-load-effort In the body: Second-class leverage is exerted when you stand on tip-toe The effort is exerted by the calf muscles pulling upward on the heel; the joints of the ball of the foot are the fulcrum;

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 08:01

... sources and is fed into two major processing areas in the central nervous system. Output: Fast reflexive control of the muscles serving the eye and neck, limb, and trunk are provided by the outputs ... and otic vesicle • The otic vesicle becomes the membranous labyrinth, and the surrounding mesenchyme becomes the bony labyrinth • Middle ear structures develop from the pharyngeal pouches • The ... Inc.Transmission of Sound to the Internal Ear the oval window the scala vestibuli Trang 8Transmission of Sound to the Internal Earof hearing travel through the helicotrema and scali tympani to the round window

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 13:40

... Color palms and soles Trang 22Appendages of the Skin• Derivatives of the epidermis Trang 23Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Sweat Glands • Two main types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands on ... sebaceous gland (220x) Sebaceous gland duct Hair in hair follicle Secretory cells Dermal connective tissue Sebaceous gland Sweat pore Eccrine gland Trang 28Hair • Functions skin heat loss, and sunlight ... Inc.Functions of the Integumentary System 2 Body temperature regulation (at normal body temperature) vessels and increased sweat gland activity (sensible perspirations) cool the body 3 Cutaneous

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 15:45

... Part A Chapter 1 Trang 2Overview of Anatomy and Physiology body surface, and systemic anatomy) histology) Trang 3Overview of Anatomy and Trang 4Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Physiology: The ... function of the body at many levels Subdivisions are based on organ systems (e.g., renal, digestive, cardiovascular physiology) Trang 5Overview of Anatomy and Physiology physiology: (from systemic ... 8Cardiovascular systemOrganelle Molecule Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems.

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 08:25

... Inc.Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand • Lie entirely within the palm of the hand • Control precise movements of metacarpals and fingers (e.g., threading a needle) • Abductors and adductors of the fingers • ... the Hand • Three groups • Thenar eminence (ball of the thumb) • Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger) • Each of the above groups has a flexor, an abductor, and an opponens muscle • ... Education, Inc. Table 10.12 Part 2Trang 22Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Muscles of the Forearm fingers via the flexor retinaculum insert via the extensor retinaculum and fingers: An overview

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 14:22

... Psoas major Foramen for inferior Trang 6Muscles of the Abdominal Wall• Four paired muscles; their fasciae and aponeuroses form the lateral and anterior abdominal wall • Internal obliques • External ... fix the shoulder girdle (mostly the scapula) and move it to increase range of arm movements • Actions include elevation, depression, rotation, lateral and medial movements, protraction, and ... by free inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis) Serratus anterior Trang 8Muscles of the Abdominal Wall• Fascicles of these muscles run at angles to one another, providing added strength

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 11:01