In this chapter you will learn about the following: Muscles crossing hip and knee joints, movements of the thigh, summary of movement at the hip joint, muscles of the thigh that move the knee joint, fascia of the leg, muscles of the leg: movements,...
Trang 1PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides
prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College
C H A P T E R 10
The Muscular System:
Part D
Trang 2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
hip and extend the leg at the knee (foreswing
of walking)
flex the leg (backswing of walking)
lata
PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the hip joint and femur:
An overview
Trang 3Movements of the Thigh
adduction, circumduction, and rotation
• Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major): prime mover of flexion
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Rectus femoris
Trang 4Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.19a
Psoas minor Iliac crest
Psoas major Iliopsoas
12th rib Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Anterior superior iliac spine
Tensor fasciae latae
12th thoracic vertebra
5th lumbar vertebra
Adductor longus Gracilis
Trang 5Movements of the Thigh
PLAY A&P Flix™: Tensor fasciae latae
PLAY A&P Flix™: Iliopsoas
PLAY A&P Flix™: Rectus femoris
PLAY A&P Flix™: Sartorius
Trang 6Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movements of the Thigh
Trang 7Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus Gracilis
Iliotibial tract Long head
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
Short head Biceps femoris
Hamstrings
Trang 8Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movements of the Thigh
PLAY A&P Flix™: Semitendinosus
PLAY A&P Flix™: Biceps femoris
PLAY A&P Flix™: Semimembranosus
Trang 9Movements of the Thigh
Trang 10Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.19b
(b)
O = origin
I = insertion
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
(cut)
Adductor brevis Adductor longus
Femur
PLAY A&P Flix™: Pectineus
Trang 11Movements of the Thigh
• Abductors
• Gluteus maximus (also laterally rotates thigh)
• Gluteus medius (also medially rotates thigh)
• Gluteus minimus (also medially rotates thigh)
• Piriformis (also laterally rotates thigh)
• Obturator externus (also laterally rotates thigh)
• Obturator internus (also laterally rotates thigh)
• Gemellus (also laterally rotates thigh)
Trang 12Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.20c
Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus
Gluteus medius (cut)
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Obturator externus Quadratus femoris Gluteus maximus
(cut)
(c)
Trang 13Movements of the Thigh
PLAY A&P Flix™: Gluteus medius
PLAY A&P Flix™: Gluteus maximus(c)
Trang 14Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Summary of Movement at the Hip Joint
PLAY A&P Flix™: Movement at the hip joint
Trang 15Muscles of the Thigh that Move the Knee
Joint
knee
antagonists to the quadriceps femoris
PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that cross the knee joint: An overview.
Trang 16Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.19a
Psoas minor Iliac crest
Psoas major Iliopsoas
12th rib Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Anterior superior iliac spine
Tensor fasciae latae
12th thoracic vertebra
5th lumbar vertebra
Adductor longus Gracilis
PLAY A&P Flix™: Movement at the hip joint
Trang 17Muscles of the Thigh that Move the Knee Joint
PLAY A&P Flix™: Rectus femoris
PLAY A&P Flix™: Anterior extensors that act on the knee
PLAY A&P Flix™: Vastus lateralis
PLAY A&P Flix™: Vastus medialis
PLAY A&P Flix™: Vastus intermedius
Trang 18Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.20a
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus Gracilis
Iliotibial tract Long head
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
Short head Biceps femoris
Hamstrings
(a)
PLAY A&P Flix™: Movement at the hip joint
Trang 19Muscles of the Thigh that Move the Knee Joint
PLAY A&P Flix™: Biceps femoris
PLAY A&P Flix™: Posterior flexors that act on the knee
PLAY A&P Flix™: Semitendinosus
PLAY A&P Flix™: Semimembranosus
Trang 20Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Summary of Movement at the Knee Joint
PLAY A&P Flix™: Movement at the knee joint
Trang 21Fascia of the Leg
fascia lata
compartments: anterior, lateral, and posterior
flexor, extensor, and fibular retinaculae
PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the ankle and foot:
Trang 22Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Leg: Movements
movements
• Ankle—dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
• Intertarsal joints—inversion and eversion of the foot
• Toes—flexion and extension
PLAY A&P Flix™: Movements of the ankle and foot (a)
Trang 23Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of
the Leg
• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Extensor hallucis longus
• Fibularis tertius (not always present)
PLAY A&P Flix™: Anterior muscles that act on the ankle and foot
Trang 24Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.21a
Fibularis longus Gastrocnemius Tibia
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus
Trang 25Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Leg
PLAY A&P Flix™: Extensor digitorum longus
PLAY A&P Flix™: Tibialis anterior
PLAY A&P Flix™: Extensor hallucis longus
Trang 26Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of
Trang 27Patella Head of fibula
Gastrocnemius Soleus
Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius
Fibularis brevis Flexor hallucis longus
Trang 28Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of the Leg
PLAY A&P Flix™: Fibularis longus
Trang 29Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Flexor hallucis longus
Trang 30Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of
Trang 31Plantaris
Medial head Lateral head
Tendon of gastrocnemius
Calcaneal tendon Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus
Calcaneus
Trang 32Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
PLAY A&P Flix™: Soleus
PLAY A&P Flix™: Gastrocnemius
Trang 33medial head (cut)
Flexor digitorum longus
Tendon of tibialis posterior
Medial malleolus Calcaneal tendon (cut)
Calcaneus
Fibularis brevis Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus Fibula
Trang 34Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
PLAY A&P Flix™: Flexor digitorum longus
PLAY A&P Flix™: Tibialis posterior
PLAY A&P Flix™: Flexor hallucis longus
Trang 35Major Actions of Muscles Acting on the
Thigh, Leg, and Foot
major actions of the muscles acting on the
thigh, leg, and foot
Trang 36Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.25a
Posterior compartment of thigh (flexes leg and extends thigh); innervation: tibial nerve (portion of sciatic nerve)
Medial compartment (adducts thigh); innervation: obturator nerve
Anterior compartment (extends leg);
innervated by femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius
Hamstrings
Femur
(a)
Trang 37Triceps surae Fibula
Tibialis anterior Tibia
Fibularis muscles
Trang 38Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAY A&P Flix™: Actions of the muscles of the lateral
compartment of the leg
PLAY A&P Flix™: Actions of the muscles of the anterior
compartment of the leg
PLAY A&P Flix™: Actions of the muscles of the posterior
compartment of the leg
Major Actions of Muscles Acting on the Ankle and Foot
Trang 40Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Table 10.17 Part 2
Trang 41Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
some leg tendons
• Extensor digitorum brevis—dorsal foot muscle that helps extend the toes
Trang 42Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.21a
Fibularis longus Gastrocnemius Tibia
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus
Trang 44Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.24a
Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Lumbricals
Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis
Trang 45Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digitorum longus (tendon) Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor accessorius
Fibularis longus (tendon) Flexor digitorum longus (tendon) Flexor hallucis longus (tendon) Flexor hallucis longus tendon
Trang 46Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Trang 47Adductor hallucis (transverse head) Adductor hallucis (oblique head)
Trang 48Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 10.24d
Plantar interossei
(d) Fourth layer (plantar aspect): plantar interossei
PLAY Animation: Rotatable foot