Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 10: The muscular system (part c)

The muscular system (part c). In this chapter, you will learn: Muscles crossing the shoulder joint, rotator cuff anatomy and function, movement at the glenohumeral joint, muscles crossing the elbow joint, muscles of the forearm, muscles of the forearm: anterior compartment, muscles of the forearm: posterior compartment,...and other contents.

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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides

prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College

C H A P T E R

10

The Muscular System:

Part C

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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint

on and move the humerus

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originate off the axial skeleton

• Three are prime movers of the arm

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• Four muscles are rotator cuff muscles

• Supraspinatus

• Infraspinatus

• Teres minor

• Subscapularis

• Reinforce the capsule of the shoulder

• Act as synergists and fixators

• Two additional muscles are synergists:

coracobrachialis and teres major

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Rotator Cuff Anatomy and Function

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Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii:

Biceps brachii Brachialis

Brachioradialis

(a) Anterior view

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Supraspinatus*

Spine of scapula

(b) Posterior view

Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle

of humerus

Infraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major Triceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

Humerus Olecranon process

of ulna

Lateral head Long head

Anconeus

* Rotator cuff muscles

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Movement at the Glenohumeral Joint

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Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint

• Brachialis and biceps brachii—chief forearm flexors

• Brachioradialis—synergist and stabilizer

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Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii:

Biceps brachii Brachialis

Brachioradialis

(a) Anterior view

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• Triceps brachii—prime mover of forearm extension

• Anconeus—weak synergist

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Supraspinatus*

Spine of scapula

(b) Posterior view

Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle

of humerusInfraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major Triceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

Humerus Olecranon process

of ulna

Lateral head Long head

Anconeus

* Rotator cuff muscles

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Triceps

brachii

Lateral head

Humerus

Long head Medial head

(a)

Brachialis

Short head Long head

(a) Muscles of the arm

Extensors

Flexors

Others

Posterior compartment

of arm (extends elbow); innervation:

radial nerve Biceps brachii

Anterior compartment

of arm (flexes elbow);

innervation:

musculocutaneous nerve

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Muscles of the Forearm

fingers

via the flexor retinaculum

insert via the extensor retinaculum

and fingers: An overview

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pronation and supination of the forearm

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quadratus

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Muscles of the Forearm: Anterior

Compartment

• Flexor carpi radialis

• Palmaris longus

• Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Flexor digitorum muscles (superficialis and profundus)

• Flexor pollicis longus

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Biceps brachii Tendon of biceps brachii

Pronator teres Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

Flexor digitorum superficialis

(a)

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Compartment

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Supinator

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut)

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Thenar muscles of thumb

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Lumbricals

Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (cut)

Pronator quadratus

Flexor digitorum profundus

(c)

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Compartment

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Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior

Compartment

• Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

• Extensor digitorum

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Extensor pollicis brevis and longus

• Extensor indicis

• Abductor pollicis longus

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Insertion of triceps brachii

Anconeus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor indicis

Tendons of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus

Extensor expansion

(a)

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus

Brachioradialis

Tendons of extensor digitorum

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Compartment

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Olecranon process of ulna

Interossei

Anconeus Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor indicis

(b)

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Compartment

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Movements of the Wrist and Fingers

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Extensors Flexors Others

Abductor pollicis longus

(b) Muscles of the forearm

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Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

• Lie entirely within the palm of the hand

• Control precise movements of metacarpals and fingers (e.g., threading a needle)

• Abductors and adductors of the fingers

• Produce opposition—move the thumb toward the little finger

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Finger and Thumb Movements

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• Three groups

• Thenar eminence (ball of the thumb)

• Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger)

• Each of the above groups has a flexor, an abductor, and an opponens muscle

• Midpalmar muscles: lumbricals and palmar and

dorsal interossei extend the fingers

• Interossei muscles also abduct and adduct the fingers

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Flexor digitorum profundus

Tendons of:

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Third lumbrical Fourth lumbrical Opponens digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi

Pisiform bone Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus

Flexor retinaculum

Abductor pollicis longus

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

Dorsal interossei First lumbrical

Second lumbrical

Fibrous sheath

(a) First superficial layer

Tendons of:

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Flexor digitorum profundus tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis Dorsal interossei

(b) Second layer

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Palmar interossei

(c) Palmar interossei (isolated)

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Dorsal interossei

(d) Dorsal interossei (isolated)

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