Tài liệu Speaking skills pdf

GIVING SPEECHES: A speech is the ideas and thoughts you have prepared to say to an audience.. Speaking Things to remember Think about your Topic, Audience, and Purpose see explanation a

S P E A K I N G

People speak to communicate to a variety of

audiences for many different reasons

For example, you may:

• need to know where to find the highlighters in

the grocery store, so you speak to a store

employee to ask where the highlighters are;

• be asked to give a speech to your classmates to

inform them about sharks;

• be asked to perform a skit for a first grade

class on how to call 911 for an emergency;

• be asked to come to a literature circle prepared

to discuss a personal connection you made to

the text you read

GIVING SPEECHES:

A speech is the ideas and thoughts you have

prepared to say to an audience

Speaking

Things to remember

Think about your Topic, Audience, and Purpose (see explanation at the end of this section)

Gather information by:

• Looking through books or magazines

• Observing people, places and events

• Talking or writing to experts

• Watching videos, movies and TV programs

• Searching the Internet

• Recalling past experiences Introducing your topic lets your audience knows where you are headed

Be sure to:

• state the thesis in your speech, which clearly indicates the topic and the purpose of your speech in an interesting way

You can grab your audience’s attention by:

• asking an interesting question

• providing a surprising fact

• referring to a current event

• telling a personal story that is related to the topic

• asking your audience to imagine something related to the topic

• using a famous quotation that somehow relates to your topic

Steps in the process of giving a speech

Steps

1 Consider TAP

2 Gathering information

3 Prepare an exciting

introduction by:

• Introducing your topic

• Grabbing your

audience’s attention

You can put your outline on note cards, or on a sheet of paper Use short phrases or just enough words to remind you of what you wanted to say

When you write your speech use the steps in the writing process (refer to the writing tab in your Student Resource Guide)

Also remember to keep your purpose and audience in mind and choose the best words to make your speech clear and interesting

It’s a good idea to practice on two different days Consider:

• Practicing in a quiet place where you can listen to yourself

• Practicing in front of your friends or fmily and ask for their suggestions

• Videotaping or tape-recording yourself to see how you can improve

When your ready to give your speech, remember to:

• Look at your audience

• Stand up tall; don’t sway, lean or slump

• Speak loudly

• Speak clearly; don’t mumble or use words like ah, dah, or um

• Speak slowly – don’t rush

4 Write an outline

5 Write your speech

6 Practice giving

your speech

7 Present your speech

T opic:Carefully consider the topic of your speech Sometimes, your teacher will assign you a topic, but other times you may get to choose the topic for your speech If you get to choose the topic, pick some-thing you’re interested in, enjoy doing or talking about, or know a lot about Either way, you will need to decide how you are going to narrow the topic and focus your speech Think about the amount of time you have to deliver your speech and what is important for your audience to know about your topic

A udience:The audience is the person or group of people to whom you will be speaking When you prepare and deliver your speech you need to keep your audience in mind It is important to consider how much your audience knows about your topic Will your speech build on knowledge that they already have or will your speech introduce a new topic? Most likely your audience will have different amounts of background knowledge about your topic, so you will have to take this into consideration as you decide how much information to share

P urpose: The reason you’re giving a speech is called the purpose The purpose will determine what you say and how you say it Generally, there are three different purposes for speeches:

Informing An informative speech explains a topic to your audience For example, you may be

speaking so that your listeners can learn about snakes or about our sixteenth president, Abraham Lincoln The goal is to communicate ideas and information so that your audience will become more informed on the subject You will need to research your topic carefully, consulting several sources of information so that you understand your topic thoroughly The library is an excellent source of research materials on just about every imaginable topic

Persuading The goal of a persuasive speech is to

convince your audience of your opinion by arguing for

or against something For example you may create a speech to convince the cafeteria to carry fruit roll-ups as

a snack choice Persuasive speeches need to present a clear opinion, two or three arguments to support your opinion, and a strong conclusion that reinforces your argument or calls on your audience to take action

Entertaining/Honoring A speech may be intended

to amuse or entertain your audience or to honor an occasion such as a graduation or a special event You generally have the most flexibility with this is type of speech Anecdotes, examples, and vivid language are especially helpful with this type of speech to capture the interest and attention of your audience

You may want to remember

TAP

as you begin to prepare a speech.

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