MODULE 12:PASSIVE FORM Thể bị động Câu bị động passive sentence là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là nguời hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động.. Cách đổi sang câu bị động Passive trans
Trang 1MODULE 12:
PASSIVE FORM (Thể bị động)
Câu bị động (passive sentence) là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là nguời hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động
Cách đổi sang câu bị động (Passive transformation)
Passive: Subject BE + past participle by Object
Ex: They built that bridge in 1999 (Họ xây cây cầu đó năm 1999.)
That bridge was built in 1999 (Cây cầu đó được xây năm 1999.)
Present simple → am/ is/ are + past participle
Present continuous → am/ is/ are + being + past participle
Past simple → was/ were + past participle
Past continuous → was/ were + being + past participle
Present perfect → have/ has + been + past participle
Past perfect → had + been + past participle
Future simple → will + be + past participle
Future continuous → will be + being + past participle
Future perfect → will + have been + past participle
Be going to → am/ is/ are going to + be + past participle
Modal verbs → can, should, must, + be + past participle
Present infinitive → to be + past participle
Perfect infinitive → to have been + past participle
Present participle → being + past participle
Perfect participle → having been + past participle
Lưu ý:
- Chỉ có thể đổi sang câu bị động với những câu có ngoại động từ (transitive verb)
- Động từ to be trong câu bị động phải thích hợp với thì (tense) của câu chủ động và phù hợp với chủ từ bị động (passive subject)
- Các chủ từ /, we, you, they, he, she, one, everyone, somebody, people trong câu chủ động thường
đuợc bỏ đi trong câu bị động
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + BY (agent) + Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: The vase was put on the table by Peter yesterday.
- Trạng từ chỉ thể cách thường đứng giữa be và quá khứ phân từ.
Ex: The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists.
(Vấn đề này đã được các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu kỹ.)
Trang 2 Một số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt (Special passive structures)
1 Động từ với hai tân ngữ (verb with two objects)
Khi động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ (objects) thì cả hai tân ngữ đều có thể làm chủ ngữ cho câu
bị động Tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ người thường được sử dụng hơn
Ex: My mother gave me (I.O) some money (D.O)
→ I was given some money by my mother.
→ Some money was given to me by my mother.
2 Động từ chi giác quan (verbs of perception: see, notice, hear, look, taste, )
Ex: We saw her go/ going out of the house.
→ She was seen to go/ going out of the house.
3 Động từ chỉ cảm xúc (like, love, hate, wish, prefer, hope, )
Ex: He wanted someone to take some photos.
→ He wanted some photos to be taken.
4 Động từ chỉ ý kiến
Ex: People say (that) John is nice
→ It is said (that) John is nice
→ John is said to be nice.
Lưu ý: Hành động của mệnh đề that xảy ra trước hành động trong mệnh đề chính thì dùng
perfect infinitive (to have + past participle)
Ex: They report that three victims were missing
→ Three victims are reported to have been missing.
5 Thể sai khiến (Causative form)
Ex: I will have some workers repair the roof./ I will get some workers to repair the roof.
→ I will have/ get the roof repaired.
Active: S + V + O + bare-inf / V-ing
Passive: S + be + past part + to-inf / V-ing
Active: S + V + O + to-infinitive
Passive: S + V + Q + to be + past part.
Active: S + V (+ that) + clause (S2 + V2 + 02 )
Passive: • It + be + past participle (+ that) + clause
• S2 + be + past participle + to-infinitive / to have + pp
Active: S + have + O (person) + bare-infinitive + O (thing)
S + get + O (person) + to-infinitive + O (thing) Passive: S + have/ get + O (thing) + past participle
Trang 3MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence, or that has the closest meaning to the original sentence.
1 yet?
A Has the essay been written B Has the essay written
C Did the essay write D Was the essay be written
2 nuclear waste is dangerous
A It says B It is said C People is said D It is saying
3 They have not used this typewriter for a long time
A For a long time has not been used this typewriter.
B This typewriter has not used for a long time.
C This typewriter has been not used for a long time.
D This typewriter has not been used for a long time.
4 All bottles before transportation
A is froze B were frozen C will been frozen D have frozen
5 last year?
C Has this van bought D Has this van been bought
6 The club president seriously ill
A is said B is said to be C is said for being D is said being
7 They do not allow smoking in schools
A Smoking is not allowed in schools B Schools are not allowed smoking.
C In schools are not allowed smoking D Smoking in schools do not allow.
8 Peter and Tom in an accident yesterday
A are hurt B were hurted C were hurt D have been hurt
9 The fire by an electrical fault
10 Learning English easy
A says not to be B said to be not C is said be not D is said not to be
11 We are waiting for the telephone so that we can have a talk to our son
A be connecting B to be connected C connected D be connect
12 My house white
13 Chinese by more than one billion people all over the world
14 Modern zoos are very different from zoos which fifty years ago
A was built B was building C to be built D building
Trang 415 Who established that museum?
A Who was established that museum? B Was that museum established by who?
C By whom was that museum established? D Did that museum establish by whom?
16 They think that someone started the fire on purpose
A Someone is thought to start the fire on purpose.
B They think that the fire which was started by someone on purpose.
C The fire is thought to be started on purpose.
D The fire is thought to have been started on purpose.
17 The player quickly from the fall
A reported to be recovered B reported to has recovered
C is reported to have recovered D is reported to have been recovered
18 The little boy put the fish in the pool and immediately it was nowhere
19 Up to now Down’s syndrome
A have not been cured B have not to be cured
20 They do not understand what he is saying
A He is not being understood.
B He does not understanding what is being said.
C What is being said does not understand.
D What he is saying is not understood.
21 The prisoner yesterday
A released B has released C was released D has been released
22 That machine eggs
23 I am looking for the report which on the table
24 They consider stamp collecting as a favorite pastime
A A favorite pastime is considered stamp collecting.
B A favorite pastime is to be considered stamp collecting by them.
C Stamp collecting is considered as a favorite pastime.
D Stamp collecting is considered to be as a favorite pastime.
25 Sea turtle eggs to protect from by other animals
A are buried / being eaten B buried / to be eaten
C are burying / eating D be buried / eaten
26 The cutting down of trees to prevent forest destruction
Trang 5C would control D controlling
27 The first turtles about 200 million years ago
A believed to exist B are believing to be existed
C believed to be existed D are believed to have existed
28 We cannot do this
C This cannot be done D This cannot to be done.
29 They do not know anything about the extinction of that species
A Anything about the extinction of that species is not known by them.
B The extinction of that species is not known anything.
C Nothing is known about the extinction of that species.
D Nothing about the extinction of that species is not known.
30 Wood pulp is used for making paper
A People use wood pulp to make paper B Paper is made by wood pulp.
C To make paper is used by wood pulp D People are used wood pulp to make paper.
31 John wrote this novel, didn’t he?
A This novel was written by John, didn’t he?
B This novel was written by John, wasn’t it?
C Did this novel be written by John, didn’t he?
D Did this novel be written by John, didn’t it?
32 The reclaiming of land to conserve the environment
C should be carried out D should have been carried out
33 The vase of roses was put
A on the table by Mary yesterday morning B on the table yesterday morning by Mary
C by Mary on the table yesterday morning D yesterday morning on the table by Mary
34 Computers since 1940s
35 Before the Industrial Revolution to America, the majority of the population lived in the countryside
A has come B has been come C had come D had been come
36 Our work before the boss next week
A will have completed / returns B will have been completed / returns
C will have completed / is returned D will have been completed / will be returned
37 When did they first discover that island?
A When did that island first discover? B When was that island first discovered?
C When that island was first discovered? D When was first discovered that island?
38 Our plan by the members of the committee
A considers B considered C is considering D is being considered
Trang 639 Unfortunately, the patient to hospital too late.
40 No one has told me about the project before
A The project has not told to me before.
B The project has been not told to me before.
C I have not told about the project before.
D I have not been told about the project before.
41 Preparations during last month before the competition started
A had made B had being made C had been being made D had been making
42 Some scientists report that dolphins have a brain capacity larger than human beings
A A brain capacity larger than human beings that dolphins have to be reported.
B Dolphins are reported having a brain capacity larger than human beings.
C Dolphins are reported to have a brain capacity larger than human beings.
D Dolphins are reported that they have a brain capacity larger than human beings.
43 The project secret Everybody about it soon
A could not been kept / is learnt B could not be kept / learnt
C could not be keep / was learnt D could not kept / is learned
44 Daisy was angry that she a book which
A had been given / was badly damaged B has been given / badly damaged
C was giving / is damaged badly D has given / damaged badly
45 We are worried about the damage by fires
46 The money soon after I receive my salary
C will be given to Peter D will have given to Peter
47 Everybody congratulated him on his successful journey to explore the Everest
A His successful journey to explore the Everest was congratulated on him.
B His successful journey was congratulated on him to explore the Everest.
C He was congratulated on his successful journey to explore the Everest.
D He was congratulated by anybody on his successful journey to explore the Everest.
48 Are you fond of the job they have offered you?
A Are you fond of the job which has been offered to you?
B Have they offered you the job that you are fond of?
C Are you fond of the job has been offered to you?
D Have you been fond of the job which has offered to you?
49 Lectures on the Internet
A are recorded and posted B are recorded and post
C are recording and posted D are recording and be posted
50 Not much about the accident since that time
Trang 7A has said B it is said C had said D has been said