Design and manufacture pomegranate peeling machine

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS TECHNOLOGY GRADUATION THESIS DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE POMEGRANATE PEELING MACHINE ADVI

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT

GVHD: VŨ QUANG HUY SVTH: LÊ HỒNG DUY MSSV: 14146263 SVTH: NGUYỄN VIỆT DUY ANH MSSV: 14146006

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS TECHNOLOGY

GRADUATION THESIS

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE POMEGRANATE PEELING

MACHINE ADVISOR: PhD VU QUANG HUY

STUDENT’S NAME: LE HONG DUY

NGUYEN VIET DUY ANH STUDENT’S ID: 14146263

14146006 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2018

MAJOR: MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness ***

Ho Chi Minh City, March 15 th 2017

MISSION OF THESIS

Student’s name: Nguyễn Viết Duy Anh Student’s ID:

Major: Mechatronics Engineering Technology Class: 14146CL1

Advisor: PhD Vu Quang Huy Phone number:

Delivery date: Submission date:

1 Title of thesis: Design and Manufacture Pomegranate peeling machine

2 The original data, documents:

3 Main content:

4 Product:

Student’s name: Lê Hồng Duy Student’s ID: 14146263

14146006

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness ***

ADVISOR’S COMMENT

Student’s name: Lê Hồng Duy Student’s ID: 14146263

Student’s name: Nguyễn Viết Duy Anh Student’s ID: 14146006

Major: Mechatronics Engineering Technology Title of thesis: Design and manufacture pomegranate peeling machine Advisor’s name: PhD Vu Quang Huy

REMARK

1 The content of thesis and the workload:

2 Advantages:

3 Disadvantages:

4 Project defence approval:

5 Evaluate:

6 Grade: (by letters: )

Ho Chi Minh City, March 2017

Advisor

(Name, signature)

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness

***

REVIEWER’S COMMENT Student’s name: Lê Hồng Duy Student’s ID: 14146263 Student’s name: Nguyễn Viết Duy Anh Student’s ID: 14146006 Major: Mechatronics Engineering Technology

Title of thesis: Design and manufacture pomegranate peeling machine

Reviewer’s name:

REMARK 1 The content of thesis and the workload:

2 Advantages:

3 Disadvantages:

4 Project defence approval:

5 Evaluate:

6 Grade: (by letters: )

Ho Chi Minh City, March 2017

Reviewer

(Name, signature)

Today, science and technology have been applied very widely in all aspects of life The achievements of science and technology have contributed greatly to the reform and development, raising the value of product quality and promoting the production process and improving the lives of people For a country with agricultural strength like Vietnam, the exploitation and processing

of fruit has contributed a considerable part of our economy Recognizing this problem, our team has researched and developed the pomegranate peeling machine Pomegranate is a fruit that is difficult to remove its shell to get seeds

In Vietnam, most of the pomegranate processing establishments are purely manual processes We created this machine in the hope of contributing to reducing the amount of work a worker has to do, improving the quality of the product produced, promoting the fruit processing industry Since the project is done with knowledge and time is limited, mistakes are unavoidable With the expectation of learning, I would like to receive the comments and instruct from the instructors more, so that we can have more experience to do better in the next time

I sincerely thank all the teachers, the friend and the brothers in The Hai Limited Liability Company who have guided and helped during all time we researched and developed this project I am also very grateful PhD Vu Quang Huy is the direct guide and instruct us extremely dedicated to complete this project about the pomegranate peeling machine

Sincerely,

Le Hong Duy

Nguyen Viet Duy Anh

Ho Chi Minh city, 27th April 2018

Contents

MISSION OF THESIS i

ADVISOR’S COMMENT ii

REVIEWER’S COMMENT iii

PREFACE iv

LIST OF FIGURES viii

LIST OF TABLES xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 The necessary of topic 1

1.2 The reason of topic 1

1.3 The term of project 1

1.4 The target of project 2

1.5 Research method of topic 2

1.6 The process of design 2

1.7 Practical significance 3

CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW THE POMEGRANATE 4

2.1 General about the pomegranate 4

2.2 Etymology 5

2.3 Description 5

2.4 Fruit, arils and seeds 6

2.5 Cultural History 7

2.6 Culinary use 8

2.7 In traditional medicine 12

2.8 Nutrition 12

2.9 Research 14

2.9.1 Juice 14

2.9.2 Peel 15

2.9.3 Ellagitannins 15

CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW THE POMEGRANATE PEELING MACHINE 16

3.1 Pomegranate peeling machine and peeling machine's structure of operations in industry 16

3.2 The pomegranate peeling machine made by Zhengzhou Yize Machinery CO 17

3.2.1 The rollers 17

3.2.2 The perforated tube and the paddles shaft 18

3.2.3 Frame and transmission motors 20

3.2.4 Specifications of the machine: 21

3.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of the machine 21

3.3 The pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelamatic 22

3.3.1 Specifications of the machine 24

3.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of the machine 24

CHAPTER 4: CALCULATE AND DESIGN THE POMEGRANATE PEELING SYSTEM 25

4.1 Choose plan for pomegranate peeling system 25

4.1.1 Choose plan for part used to squeeze the pomegranate 27

4.1.2 Choose plan for part used to smash the pomegranate pieces 27

4.1.3 Preliminary design of the mechanical model frame 28

4.2 Operating principle of the pomegranate peeling machine 31

4.3 Design for size of parts in system 31

4.3.1 Squeeze part (Screw conveyor and Rollers) 31

4.3.1.1 Screw conveyor 32

4.3.1.2 Rollers 33

4.3.2 Smash part (Paddles shaft and Perforated tube) 34

4.3.2.1 Perforated tube 34

4.3.2.2 Paddles Shaft 35

4.4 Calculation and choice motor 36

4.4.1 Motor of Squeeze part 36

4.4.1.1 Determination power of motor 36

4.4.1.2 Choice motor 37

4.4.2 Motor of smash part 38

4.4.2.1 Determination power of motor 38

4.4.2.2 Choice motor 39

4.5 Choice Gears transmission 39

4.6 Calculation endurance of Chain transmission 40

4.7 Calculation, testing endurance of the frame 42

4.7.1 Design 43

4.7.2 Testing the endurance of frame 44

4.8 Design electrical circuit system: 46

4.8.1 Design electric circuit dynamics: 46

4.8.2 Electric circuit 48

CHAPTER 5: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT THE POMEGRANATE PEELING MACHINE 51

5.1 Make frame for the pomegranate peeling machine 51

5.1.1 Drill on square steel to install bearings 51

5.1.2 Welding and assembling of steel frame 53

5.2 Make the part used to squeeze the pomegranate 54

5.2.1 Make the screw conveyor 54

5.2.1.1 Uses and technical requirements of the screw conveyor 54

5.2.1.2 Machining machinery of the screw conveyor 54

5.2.2 Make the rollers 57

5.2.2.1 Uses and technical requirements of the rollers 57

5.2.2.2 Machining machinery of the roller 57

5.3 Make the part used to smash the pomegranate pieces 63

5.3.1 Make the perforated tube 63

5.3.1.1 Uses and technical requirements of the perforated tube 63

5.3.1.2 Machining machinery of the perforated tube 63

5.3.2.1 Uses and technical requirements of the paddles shaft 65

5.3.2.2 Machining machinery of the paddles shaft 66

5.4 Some pictures of the machining process 73

CHAPTER 6: EXPERIMENTS 113

6.1 Test the operation of the pomegranate peeling machine 113

6.1.1 Test the operation of the machine when it’s empty 113

6.1.2 Test the operation of the machine when supplying pomegranates first time 119

6.1.3 Test the operation of the machine when supplying pomegranates second time 122

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 125

Analysis results 125

Oriented development 125

7.2.1 Improved for the pomegranate peeling machine 125

7.2.2 Develop automation for the machine when used in industry 125

REFERENCE 126

List of figures

Figure 1 1 The pomegranate 1

Figure 2 1 Fruit of Punica granatum split open to reveal the clusters of juicy, gem-like seeds on the inside 4

Figure 2 2 The pomegranate trees 5

Figure 2 3 An opened pomegranate 6

Figure 2 4 Illustration by Otto Wilhelm Thomé, 1885 7

Figure 2 5 A stall selling pomegranate juice in Xi'an, China 10

Figure 2 6 A bowl of ash-e anar, a Persian/Iranian soup made with pomegranate juice 11

Figure 2 7 Pomegranate Seeds Nutrition 12

Figure 2 8 Pomegranate – Nutritional Facts per 100g 13

Figure 2 9 Pomegranate Seeds Benefits 14

Figure 3 1 Pomegranate pelling machine is made by Zhengzhou Yize Machinery CO 17

Figure 3 2 The rollers 18

Figure 3 3 The perforated tube 19

Figure 3 4 The paddles shaft 19

Figure 3 5 Frame and transmission motors of the pomegranate peeling machine 20

Figure 3 6 The pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelamatic 22

Figure 3 7 the people take the old pomegranate parts out of the machine 23

Figure 4 1 Pomegranate seeds 25

Figure 4 2 The worker is putting pomegranates into the machine 26

Figure 4 3 The machine is peeling the pomegranates 27

Figure 4 4 Preliminary design of the machine 28

Figure 4 5 Left side view of machine 29

Figure 4 6 Top view of machine 30

Figure 4 7 Squeeze part 31

Figure 4 8 Screw Conveyor 32

Figure 4 9 Size of the screw 32

Figure 4 10 Roller and Cover 33

Figure 4 11 Size of roller 33

Figure 4 12 Smash Part 34

Figure 4 13 Size of perforated tube 35

Figure 4 14 Front view of paddles shaft 35

Figure 4 15 Left side view of paddles shaft 36

Figure 4 16 Rollers use gear transmission 39

Figure 4 17 Parameters of chain 50B series 40

Figure 4 18 Chain Drivers in Pomegranate peeler machine 41

Figure 4 19 Top view of frame 43

Figure 4 20 Left side view of frame 43

Figure 4 21 Specifications of UCP204 44

Figure 4 22 Deformation of the frame when simulated by force according to Solidwork 2017 software 44

Figure 4.23 Simulate plastic deformation for the machine frame 45

Figure 4.24 Simulate the displacement of the details on the frame after being impact 46

Figure 4.25 Electric circuit of machine 48

Figure 4.26 Electric circuit when CB on 48

Figure 4.27 Press Start button 48

Figure 4.28 Release Start button 48

Figure 4.29 Press E-Stop button 48

Figure 4.30 Adjust Hz to control speed of motor by inverter 50

Figure 5 1 4x4 Steel square 51

Figure 5 2 Positions of the holes and size of steel square on the machine’s frame design 52

Figure 5 3 Steel frame was welded and assembled 53

Figure 5 4 Lathe the face of the shaft and drill it 54

Figure 5 5 Lathing cylindrical for the first head of the shaft 55

Figure 5 6 Lathing cylindrical for the second head of the shaft 55

Figure 5 7 Milling paddles ’s surface 56

Figure 5 8 Lathing the roller 's faces and drilling it 57

Figure 5 9 Lathing cylindrical for the roller 58

Figure 5 10 Internal boring for the roller 59

Figure 5 11 Lathing the shaft ‘s faces and drilling it 60

Figure 5 12 Lathing cylindrical for the shaft 61

Figure 5 13 Milling channel for the roller 62

Figure 5 14 Dimensions of stainless steel sheet 201 to make the perforated tube 63

Figure 5 15 The stainless steel sheet with holes on surface 64

Figure 5 16 The perforated tube finished 65

Figure 5 17 Lathe the face and drill the paddle coupling 66

Figure 5 18 Drill and tap the paddle coupling 67

Figure 5 19 Milling paddles ’s surface 68

Figure 5 20 Milling 45 degrees for the paddles 69

Figure 5 21 Lathe the face of the shaft and drill it 70

Figure 5 22 Lathing cylindrical for the second head of the shaft 71

Figure 5 23 Lathing cylindrical for the second head of the shaft 71

Figure 5 24 Work-pieces for making the shafts 73

Figure 5 25 Cutting some pieces of steel 1mm to make screw conveyor 73

Figure 5 26 Welding pieces of steel to the shaft 74

Figure 5 27 Lathing cylindrical the screw conveyor 75

Figure 5 28 Welding paddles to the shaft 76

Figure 5 29 Drilling holes on stainless steel sheet 77

Figure 5 30 Honing the stainless steel sheet after drilling 78

Figure 5 31 Finish making the perforated tube 79

Figure 5 32 Work-pieces for making the paddles 80

Figure 5 33 Milling paddles ‘s surfaces 81

Figure 5 34 Milling 45 degrees for the paddles 82

Figure 5 35 Using milling machine to mill 45 degrees for the paddles 83

Figure 5 36 Finish milling for the paddles 84

Figure 5 37 Lathing the paddle coupling ‘s and drilling it 85

Figure 5 38 Tapping the paddle coupling 86

Figure 5 39 Connect the paddle coupling to the paddle 87

Figure 5 40 Welding the paddle coupling to the shaft Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 5 41 Finish making the paddles shaft 89

Figure 5 42 Connect the paddle coupling to the paddle on the shaft 90

Figure 5 43 Lathing the roller ‘s faces and drilling it 91

Figure 5 45 Lathing cylindrical for the roller 93

Figure 5 46 Lathing the roller 's top 94

Figure 5 47 Drilling through the roller 's top 95

Figure 5 48 Milling channel for the roller 96

Figure 5 49 Milling keygroove for the roller 97

Figure 5 50 Finish making the rollers 98

Figure 5 51 Wire cutting-off for the mating gears 99

Figure 5 52 Drill on square steel to install bearings 100

Figure 5 53 Welding the frame 101

Figure 5 54 Assembling the roller into the frame 102

Figure 5 55 Assembling the screw conveyor into the frame 103

Figure 5 56 Internal boring for the gear 104

Figure 5 57 Drilling for the gear 105

Figure 5 58 CNC milling for the motor 's base 106

Figure 5 59 Install the electric circuit for the machine 107

Figure 5 60 Drilling the distribution board 108

Figure 5 61 Install the electric circuit into the distribution board 109

Figure 5 62 Finish assembling parts of the machine into the frame 110

Figure 5 63 The parts are thoroughly plated before assembling machine 110

Figure 5 64 Finish making the pomegranate peeling machine 111

Figure 6 1 The screw conveyor and the rollers are running when the machine is empty 113

Figure 6 2 Checking the distribution board to ensure proper control 114

Figure 6 3 Checking the START button 116

Figure 6 4 Checking E-stop button 117

Figure 6 5 Test the operation of the machine when it’s empty 118

Figure 6 6 Part 1 of the machine is squeezing the pomegranate 119

Figure 6 7 Part 2 of the machine is smashing pieces of the pomegranate which fall out from part 1 120

Figure 6 8 The pomegranate's shells fall out from part 2 120

Figure 6 9 The seeds obtained after the first test 121

Figure 6 10 Part 1 of the machine is squeezing the pomegranate 122

Figure 6 11 The seeds obtained after the second test 123

Figure 6 12 The shells obtained after the second test 123

Figure 6 13 The seeds obtained and the shells is falling out from part 2 in second test 124

List of tables

Table 3.1: Specifications of the pomegranate peeling machine made by Zhengzhou Yize

Machinery CO 21

Table 3.2: Specifications of the pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelematic 24

Table 4.1: Chain Drivers Specifications 41

Table 4.2: Result of formula (4.1) (4.2) ……….……… ……… 42

Figure 1 1 The pomegranate

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The necessary of topic:

Pomegranate is a nutritious fruit

that can help improve our health With

favorable natural conditions, Vietnam

is a country that develops agriculture

and grows fruit trees However, the

pomegranate is only sold and peeled

for use by families and small

processing facilities that only use

manual labor to peel, which is a waste

time and difficult So, creating a

machine that can peel pomegranate with

high productivity can save time and

labor, supply a large number of pomegranate seeds to the community, improve human’s health and promote the production and export potential of the fruit and vegetable processing industry is necessary

1.2 The reason we choose topic:

This topic has been produced in many places in the world but the size of the machine is too large and the price is high, only suitable for the production enterprises have premises and large capital sources, not suitable with the small enterprise, the small producers in our country But in our country, it is quite new with researching and development We want to apply knowledge and technology in processing and manufacturing to be able to make pomegranate peeling machines that can be adapted to our country's economic and geographic conditions to serve the needs in life

1.3 The term of project

- Research and design the pomegranate peeling machine in Solidworks

- Performance will be erroneous with calculations due to manufacturing tolerances

- Chrome plated outside the iron, with long-term use, the plated parts will be peeling

1.4 The target of project

- Design and manufacture the pomegranate peeling machine based on the knowledge and skills learned during the learning process

- Manufacturing the pomegranate peeling machine near-accurate performance

as calculated Reduce maximum possible tolerances to optimize both productivity and performance roughly as calculated

- Ensure durability, hygiene requirements and safety for users

1.5 Research method of topic

Based on the theoretical as well as the factual knowledge of the pomegranate peeling machine available on the market, the team conducted the project on the methodology and design of the applied model into practice, then simulate the model, edit the model, publish the drawing, processing at the workshop to proceed to the assembly process

1.6 The process of design

The first thing the team had to do was to thoroughly research the pomegranate peeling machine available on the market, paying attention to the principle, structure and parts of each existing product The team has conducted research and come to find the most reasonable, simple and effective solution possible for the machine

1.7 Practical significance

Pomegranate peeling machine is a machine suitable for the natural and economic conditions of our country, after successful research and manufacture it will bring many benefits to society and the country In addition, the project has an important meaning for us to have more practical experience in the field we pursuing and add useful documentation for students who want to learn about this machine

CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW THE POMEGRANATE 2.1 General about the pomegranate

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree

in the family Lythraceae that grows between 5 and 8 m (16 and 26 ft) tall

Figure 2 1 Fruit of Punica granatum split open to reveal the clusters of juicy, gem-like seeds

on the inside

The fruit is typically in season in Northern Hemisphere from September to February, and in the Southern Hemisphere from March to May As intact arils or juice, pomegranates are used in baking, cooking, juice blends, meal garnishes, smoothies, and alcoholic beverages, such as cocktails and wine

The pomegranate originated in the region extending from modern-day Iran through Afghanistan and Pakistan is northern India, has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region It was introduced into Spanish America in the late 16th century and into the California settlers in 1769 Today, it is widely cultivated throughout the Middle East and Caucasus region, north and tropical Africa,

South Asia, Central Asia, the drier parts of southeast Asia, and parts of the Mediterranean Basin It is also cultivated in parts of Arizona and California In the 20th and 21st centuries, it was more common in the commercial markets of Europe and the Western Hemisphere

2.2 Etymology

Figure 2 2 The pomegranate trees

The name of the pomegranate derives from medieval Latin pōmum "apple" and grānātum "seeded" survivors only in heraldic blazons This is a folk etymology, confusing the Latin granatuswith the name of the Spanish city of Granada, which derives from Arabic Garnet derives from Old French grenat by metathesis, from Medieval Latin granatum as used in a different meaning "of a dark red color" This derivation may have originated from pomat granatum, describing the color of pomegranate pulp, or from granum, referring to "red dye, cochineal" The French term for pomegranate, grenade, has given its name to the military grenade

2.3 Description

A shrub or small tree growing 6 to 10 m (20 to 33 ft) high, the pomegranate has many spiny branches and is extremely long lived, with some specimens in France

surviving for 200 years P granatum leaves are opposite or subopposite, glossy, narrow oblong, entire, 3-7 cm (1.2-2.8 in) long and 2 cm broad The flowers are bright red and

3 cm in diameter, with three to seven petals Some fruitless varieties are grown for the flower alone

2.4 Fruit, arils and seeds

Figure 2 3 An opened pomegranate

Red-purple in color, the pomegranate fruit husk has two parts: an outer, hard pericarp, and an inner, spongy mesocarp (white "albedo"), which comprises the fruit inner wall where arils attach Membranes of the mesocarp are organized as nonsymmetrical chambers that contain seeds inside arils, which are embedded without attachment to the mesocarp Containing juice, the arils are formed as a thin membrane derived from the epidermal cells of the seeds The number of seeds in a pomegranate can vary from 200 to about 1400 Botanically, the edible fruit is a berry with seeds and pulp produced from the ovary of a single flower The fruit is intermediate in size

between a lemon and a grapefruit, 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) in diameter with a rounded shape and thick, reddish husk In mature fruits, the juice obtained by compressing the arils and seeds yields a sour taste due to low pH (4.4) and high contents of polyphenols, which may cause a red indelible stain on fabrics Primarily, the pigmentation of pomegranate juice results from the presence of anthocyanins and ellagitannins

2.5 Cultural History

Figure 2 4 Illustration by Otto Wilhelm Thomé, 1885

Pomegranate is native to a region from modern-day Iran through Afghanistan and Pakistan to northern India Pomegranates have been cultivated throughout the Middle East, South Asia, and the Mediterranean region for several millennia, and also

thrive in the drier climates of California and Arizona Carbonized exocarp of the fruit

has been identified in early Bronze Age levels of Jericho in the West Bank, as well as late Bronze Age levels of Hala Sultan Tekke on Cyprusand Tiryns A large, dry pomegranate was found in the tomb of Djehuty, the butler of Queen Hatshepsut in Egypt; Mesopotamian cuneiform records mention pomegranates from the mid-third

millennium BC onwards

It is also extensively grown in South China and in Southeast Asia, whether originally spread along the route of the Silk Road or brought by sea traders Kandahar

is famous in Afghanistan for its high-quality pomegranates

Although not native to Korea or Japan, the pomegranate is widely grown and many cultivars have been developed It is widely used for bonsai because of its flowers and for the unusual twisted bark the older specimens can attain The term "balaustine"

(Latin: balaustinus) is also used for a pomegranate-red color

The ancient city of Granada in Spain was renamed after the fruit during the Moorish period and today the province of Granada uses pomegranate as a charge in

heraldry for its canting arms

Spanish colonists later introduced the fruit to the Caribbean and America (Spanish America), but in the English colonies, it was less at home: "Do not use the pomegranate inhospitably, and stranger that has come so far to pay his respects to thee

"The English Quaker," written by Peter Collinson, wrote to the botanists John Bartram

in Philadelphia, 1762 "Plant it against the side of the house, nail it close to the wall fruit this hot year I have twenty-four on one tree Doctor Fothergill says, of all trees

this is the most salutiferous to mankind "

The pomegranate had been introduced as an exotic to England in the early centuries, by John Tradescant the elder, but the disappointment that it did not set fruit there led to its repeated introduction to the American colonies, even New England Bartram received a barrel of pomegranates and oranges from a correspondent in Charleston, South Carolina, 1764 John Bartram partook of "delitious" pomegranates with Noble Jones at Wormsloe Plantation, near Savannah, Georgia, in September 1765 Thomas Jefferson planted pomegranates at Monticello in 1771: he had them from

George Wythe of Williamsburg

2.6 Culinary use

After the pomegranate is opened by scoring it with a knife and breaking it open, the seeds are separated from the peel and the internal white pulp membranes Separating the seeds is easier in a bowl of water because the seeds sink and the inedible pulp floats Freezing the whole fruit also makes it easier to separate Another effective way of quickly harvesting the seeds is to cut the pomegranate in half, score each half of

the exterior rind four to six times, hold the pomegranate half over a bowl, and smack the rind with a large spoon The seeds should eject from the pomegranate directly into the bowl, leaving only a dozen or more deeply embedded seeds to remove The whole seed is consumed raw, though the watery, tasty sarcotesta is the desired part Mushroom differs depending on the variety or cultivar of pomegranate and its ripeness Pomegranate juice can be sweet or sour, but most fruits are moderate in taste, with sour notes from the acidic ellagitannins contained in the juice Pomegranate juice has long been a popular drink in Europe, the Middle East and is now widely distributed in the United States and Canada Grenadine syrup long ago consisted of thickened and sweetened pomegranate juice, now is usually a name for a syrup based on various berries, citric acid, and food coloring, mainly used in cocktail mixing In Europe, Bols still manufactures grenadine syrup with pomegranate Before Tomatoes, a New World fruit, arrived in the Middle East, pomegranate juice, molasses, and vinegar were widely used in many Iranian foods, and are still found in traditional recipes such as fesenjān, a thick sauce made from pomegranate juice and ground walnuts , usually spooned over duck or other poultry and rice, and in ash-e anar (pomegranate soup) Pomegranate seeds are used as a spice known as anar dana (from Persian: anar + dana, pomegranate + seed), most notably in Indian and Pakistani cuisine Dried whole seeds can often get

in ethnic South Asian markets These seeds were separated from the flesh, dried for

10-15 days, and used as an acidic agent for chutney and curry preparation Ground anardana is also used, which results in a deeper flavoring in the dishes and prevents the seeds from getting stuck in teeth Seeds of the wild type pomegranate known as the gift from the Himalayas are regarded as high-quality sources for this spice

Figure 2 5 A stall selling pomegranate juice in Xi'an, China

Dried pomegranate seeds, found in some specialty food markets, still contain some residual water, maintaining a natural sweet and tart flavor Dried seeds can be used in several culinary applications, such as trail mix, granola bars, or as a topping for salad, yogurt, or ice cream

In the Caucasus, pomegranate is mainly used for juice In Azerbaijan, a sauce from pomegranate juice narsharab, (from Persian: (a) nar + sharab, "pomegranate wine") is usually served with fish or tika kabab In Turkey, pomegranate sauce (Turkish: nar ekşisi) is used as a salad dressing, to marinate meat, or simply to drink

straight Pomegranate seeds are also used in salads and sometimes as garnish for desserts such as güllaç Pomegranate syrup or molasses is used in muhammara, and roasted red pepper, walnut, and garlic spread popular in Syria and Turkey

Figure 2 6 A bowl of ash-e anar, a Persian/Iranian soup made with pomegranate juice

In Greece, pomegranate, a creamy broth made from boiled wheat, pomegranates, and raisins, legume salad with wheat and pomegranate, traditional Middle Eastern lamb kebabs with pomegranate glaze, pomegranate eggplant relish, and avocado-pomegranate dip Pomegranate is also made into a liqueur, and has a popular fruit confectionery used as ice cream topping, mixed with yogurt, or spread as jam on toast In Cyprus and Greece, and among the Greek Orthodox Diaspora, ρόδι (Greek for pomegranate) is used to make koliva, a mixture of wheat, pomegranate seeds, sugar, almonds, and other seeds served at memorial services

In Mexico, they are commonly used in the traditional dish chiles en nogada, representing the red of the Mexican flag in the dish which evokes the green (poblano pepper), white (nogada sauce) and red (pomegranate seeds) tricolor

conveyed by the seed fiber and micronutrients Pomegranate seed oil contains punicic acid (65.3%), palmitic acid (4.8%), stearic acid (2.3%), oleic acid (6.3%), and linoleic acid (6.6%)

Figure 2 8 Pomegranate – Nutritional Facts per 100g

or gallic acid binds with a carbohydrate to form pomegranate ellagitannins, also known

as punicalagins The color of juice may be attributed to anthocyanins, such as

delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin glycosides Generally, an increase in juice

pigmentation occurs during fruit ripening The phenolic content of pomegranate juice

is adversely affected by processing and pasteurization techniques

2.9.2 Peel

Compared to the pulp, the inedible pomegranate peel contains as much as three times the total amount of polyphenols, including condensed tannins, catechins, gallocatechins and prodelphinidins The higher phenolic content of the peel yields

extracts for use in dietary supplements and food preservatives

2.9.3 Ellagitannins

Pomegranate ellagitannins are under preliminary research for their potential health benefits In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that most of their observed effects are due to a group of metabolites called urolithins which result from the transformation of ellagitannins by the microbiota

CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW THE POMEGRANATE PEELING MACHINE 3.1 Pomegranate peeling machine and peeling machine 's structure of operations in industry

Peeling is the process of separating the soft outer shell of the pomegranate to obtain the pomegranate seeds inside it In the modern century, when industrial production was directed to universal production and high productivity, machines were used instead of human power Pomegranate peeling machine is a kind of pre-treatment machine to peel pomegranate and separate pomegranate seeds The peeling and separating process can ensure pomegranate integrity rate as high as 90%, thus it is necessary equipment for processing pomegranate for juice, drinks and other relevant food The peeling mechanism of the peeling machines is similar, including:

- Part used to squeeze the pomegranate open the shell and broken into several small pieces

- Part used to smash the pomegranate pieces that cause the seeds to fall out of the shell

- Frame and transmission motors

The pomegranate peeling machine must be designed to meet the following requirements:

 Do not break the pomegranate seeds too much

 Ensure food safety requirements

 Parts that come in direct contact with food must be completely clean

 Easily removable for cleaning

 High productivity

 Low power consumption

Pomegranate peeling machines are available on the market Pomegranate peeling machines are the same in pomegranate peeling mechanism, so here we show a representative machines that is the pomegranate peeling machine made by Zhengzhou Yize Machinery CO

3.2 The pomegranate peeling machine made by Zhengzhou Yize Machinery

CO

Pomegranate peeling machine which made by Zhengzhou Yize Machinery CO

is currently available at website www.Alibaba.com for $ 10,000 USD Because the price of this machine is quite expensive, the machine is manufactured to fit the industrial environment in large factories, requiring high productivity and durability

Figure 3 1 Pomegranate pelling machine is made by Zhengzhou Yize Machinery CO

The main parts of the machine include:

3.2.1 The rollers

This is the part used to squeeze the pomegranate open the shell and broken into several small pieces rotate to squeeze the pomegranate In this part, the squeeze

process is performed by two rollers placed close together, so it will only allow the pomegranate can go to another part when the pomegranate has been crushed into several small pieces This part must have a sufficient amount of force to rotate 2 rollers squeeze the pomegranate without causing the pomegranate to crumble causing the pomegranate seeds to break Because the two roller direct contact with the pomegranate so they have to take measures to ensure food hygiene and safety

Figure 3 2 The rollers

3.2.2 The perforated tube and the paddles shaft

This is the part used to smash the pomegranate pieces that cause the seeds to fall out of the shell This perforated tube is used to allows the seeds can fall out of machine and prevent the pomegranate shell falling together with the seeds Pomegranate shell will follow the path of the paddles shaft that falls out from its own path at the end of the machine's length

Figure 3 3 The perforated tube

The paddles shaft is located inside the perforated tube and it was lathed its 2 head to can be attached to ball bearings In this part, the paddles shaft can rotate and the perforated tube is fixed to the frame With thrust from the impact, the paddles shaft will pound shells of pomegranate to remove the pomegranate seeds from the shells Because there is an external action on the pomegranate pieces so the pomegranate seeds will surely be break down So what we need to do and improve is minimize the number of seeds broken down

Figure 3 4 The paddles shaft

3.2.3 Frame and transmission motors

The frame is designed so solid and sturdy The parts of the machine are covered thoroughly to ensure food hygiene and safety All parts are assembled with the frame seamlessly, the frame is reinforced to receive vibrations, internal forces from internal components are transmitted 2 motors which placed outside the machine are used to rotate the rollers and the shaft Two motors are located outside the machine to make it easier for repair, cleaning and also to ensure food safety in the machine Two motor with high power will bring productivity for this machine

Figure 3 5 Frame and transmission motors of the pomegranate peeling machine

3.2.4 Specifications of the machine:

Table 3.1: Specifications of the pomegranate peeling machine made by Zhengzhou

Yize Machinery CO

Separation of spindle speed

- High stability, more durable

- Good application in practice

- Large machine size

- Only suitable for industrial production, not suitable for small production facilities

3.3 The pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelamatic

The pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelamatic which is called pomegranate peeler or deseeder is available on their website: www.pelamatic.com With simple operation structure, includes engine to rotate half of the pomegranate fruit and the spoon used to knock seeds out of pomegranate pieces, this machine is suitable for small production facilities used during the day

Figure 3 6 The pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelamatic

The machine uses spoon to knock on half of the pomegranate that drops the seeds into the tray This machine is a semi-automatic machine with just one part used

to smash the pomegranate shells and the part used to squeeze the pomegranate was replaced by people We will cut the pomegranate into 2 part then we put it into the machine The operating mechanism of the machine is extremely simple, just one ‘Start’ button with Green color So it's extremely easy to use The only drawback of the machine is that we need to cut pomegranates into two pieces and put it in the machine till the machine finished peeling two pieces we must take the old pomegranate pieces out of the machine and put the new pomegranate pieces in it

Figure 3 7 the people take the old pomegranate parts out of the machine

3.3.1 Specifications of the machine

Table 3.2: Specifications of the pomegranate peeling machine made by Pelematic

- Stainless Steel used to make all of the machine

- Compact, simple and convenient

- Clean, minimizing the possibility of broken seed

- Pomegranate Peeler speed, efficiency, simplicity

- It allows quick and safe cleaning

- Peeler any pomegranate sizes thanks to the caliber that incorporates

 Disadvantages:

- Low productivity

- Semi-automatic, suitable for use with small manufacturers, not applicable to industrial plants

CHAPTER 4: CALCULATE AND DESIGN THE POMEGRANATE

PEELING SYSTEM 4.1 Choose plan for pomegranate peeling system

Pomegranate is not thick, seeds contain many waters inside, so when uncareful peel will be broken seeds On the other hand, we also need high productivity, which includes breaking the seed Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable solution to minimize the number of broken seeds and the operating capacity of the machine must

be suitable for industrial production

Figure 4 1 Pomegranate seeds

For the method of using the spoon to knock on the pomegranate, if we use it for large production facilities, which require high productivity, will be difficult to meet Because it has to go through two steps: cut pomegranate, take the old pomegranate out

of the machine and put the new pomegranate into machine Therefore, we need someone to track down and perform all those steps So despite the fact that it limiting the seeds of pomegranate were broken, the half of pomegranate was rotated evenly,

limiting the number of seeds remaining in the shell but the working capacity was not high In terms of product quality and peeling speed with a small amount, the method of using spoons is an extremely suitable option But a peeling cycle using spoons that allows only one pomegranate to be peeled will significantly reduce yield It causes a waste of workers and time

The method of the pomegranate peeling machine with two parts: squeeze and smash just requires one worker put pomegranate into the machine and then the machine will perform all the steps from squeeze pomegranate to peel and put the seeds into the tray The only problem in this machine is the capacity to break the seeds and excess seeds remaining in the shell Instead, the performance of the machine in this method is very high, we just need one worker for this machine during workday, we’ll minimizing the waste of time and labor

Figure 4 2 The worker is putting pomegranates into the machine

Figure 4 3 The machine is peeling the pomegranates

As discussed above, it is easy to see that the choice of the method of the pomegranate peeling machine with two parts system is the most suitable As well as ensuring the technical requirements of peeling, productivity as well as minimizing the waste of time and labor

4.1.1 Choose plan for part used to squeeze the pomegranate

Parts used to squeeze the pomegranate into pieces include two rollers, one screw conveyor and two push-leg mounted on one shaft By using a roller to squeeze the pomegranate, we must design a roller with a thorny surface to be able to roll the pomegranate into it and squeeze the pomegranate When designing the system, the most important thing is calculative the squeeze force we need to reach needed achieve and from it, we can choose the appropriate size for the details: ensure a certain sustainability while saving maximum material cost as well as installation cost

4.1.2 Choose plan for part used to smash the pomegranate pieces