4000 Essential English Words 1 (2nd Edition)

4000 Essential English Words is a sixbook series that is designed to focus on practical highfrequency words to enhance the vocabulary of learners from high beginner to advanced levels. The series presents a variety of words that cover a large percentage of the words that can be found in many spoken or written texts. Thus, after mastering these target words, learners will be able to fully understand vocabulary items when they encounter them in written and spoken form. Each unit presents 20 words which are defined and used in sample sentences. The activities in the books are designed to present the words in different uses so that learners can fully see how they can be utilized. Also at the end of each unit there is a story whch contains the units target words to give learners further examples of the words in use. Each level properly prepares the learner for the next, progressively challenging the learner with more sophisticated vocabulary and stories.

4000 ESSENTIAL ENGLISH WORDS

• SECOND EDITION •

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 6

1 The Amalfi Coast agree, alcohol, arrive, August, boat, breakfast, camera, capital, catch, duck,

enjoy, invite, love, month, travel, typical, visit, weather, week, wine 8

2 The Laboratory

adventure, approach, carefully, chemical, create, evil, experiment, kill, laboratory, laugh, loud, nervous, noise, project, scare, secret, shout, smell, terrible, worse

14

alien, among, chart, cloud, describe, ever, fail, grade, instead, library, photograph, planet, report, several, shape, solve, suddenly, suppose, understand, view

20

4 The Dog's Bell

appropriate, avoid, behave, calm, concern, content, expect, frequently, habit, instruct, issue, none, patient, positive, punish, represent, shake, spread, stroll, village

26

5 Ironman Races active, adult, age, bad, balance, bike, choose, doctor, during, football, fun,

game, heart, golf, increase, life, kilometer, often, plenty, weight 32

apart, attribute, bilingual, completely, dash, disgust, fashionable, foreign, gulf, mirror, natural, nowadays, participant, ritual, spoken, sport, surprised, tense, totally, vague

38

7 The Best Prince

allow, announce, beside, challenge, claim, condition, contribute, difference, divide, expert, famous, force, harm, lay, peace, prince, protect, sense, sudden, therefore

44

J How the Sun and the

Moon Were Made

accept, arrange, attend, chase, contrast, encourage, familiar, grab, hang, huge, necessary, pattern, propose, purpose, release, require, satisfied, single, tear, theory

50

? Service Animals animal, bus, cat, command, depend, dog, door, friend, hear, help, horse,

hospital, leg, medical, open, pull, rabbit, school, see, service 56

10 The First Peacock benefit, certain, chance, effect, essential, far, focus, function, grass, guard,

image, immediate, primary, proud, remain, rest, separate, site, tail, trouble 62

11 Keeping Our Earth

Clean

advertise, aware, battery, black, city, clean, country, develop, electric, eventually, fact, glass, history, nature, never, people, plastic, problem, street, think 68

12 The Crazy Artist

alone, apartment, article, artist, attitude, beauty, compare, judge, magazine, material, meal, method, neighbor, professional, profit, quality, space, stair, symbol, thin

74

13 The Taxi Driver

accounting, appeal, assume, borrow, client, downtown, dull, embarrass, fare, former, found, invest, loan, practical, quarter, salary, scholarship, temporary, treasure, urge

80

14 A Magic Book coach, control, description, direct, exam, example, limit, local, magical, mail,

novel, outline, poet, print, scene, sheet, silly, store, suffer, technology 86

15 The Big Race

across, breathe, characteristic, consume, excite, extremely, fear, fortunate, happen, length, mistake, observe, opportunity, prize, race, realize, respond, risk, wonder, yet

92

R e a d in g P a s s a g e T a r g e t W o r d s P a g e

16 Kwanzaa art, book, clothes, community, December, dinner, end, exchange, family, from,

green, home, January, red, seven, start, together, university, wear, year 98

17 The Race for Water appreciate, available, beat, bright, celebrate, decide, disappear, else, fair, flow,

forward, hill, level, lone, puddle, response, season, solution, waste, whether 104

1 8 Eat Healthy! always, ask, banana, bread, cake, carrot, chicken, chocolate, contain, delicious,

diet, eat, food, fruit, great, health, recipe, restaurant, special, water 110

alive, bone, bother, captain, conclusion, doubt, explore, glad, however, injustice, international, lawyer, mention, old, policy, social, speech, staff, toward, wood

116

2 0 The Seven Cities ofGold

achieve, advise, already, basic, bit, consider, destroy, entertain, extra, goal, lie, meat, opinion, real, reflect, regard, serve, vegetable, war, worth 122

21 Katy appear, base, brain, career, clerk, effort, enter, excellent, hero, hurry, inform,

later, leave, locate, nurse, operation, pain, refuse, though, various 128

2 2 A Better Reward actual, amaze, charge, comfort, contact, customer, deliver, earn, gate, include,

manage, mystery, occur, opposite, plate, receive, reward, set, steal, thief 134

advance, athlete, average, behavior, behind, course, lower, match, member, mental, passenger, personality, poem, pole, remove, safety, shoot, sound, swim, web

152

2 6 Archie and HisDonkey

advice, along, attention, attract, climb, drop, final, further, imply, maintain, neither, otherwise, physical, prove, react, ride, situated, society, standard, suggest

170

2 9 The Demon's Bridge

burden, compromise, craft, dive, fragile, half, innocence, lead, meeting, merge, moderate, overwhelm, payment, perception, settle, shiver, sociable, speed, talkative, usual

176

3 0 Cats and Secrets

above, ahead, amount, belief, center, common, cost, demonstrate, different, evidence, honesty, idiom, independent, inside, jail, master, memory, pocket, proper, sale

182

Appendix 188

Index 192

5

About the Vocabulary

The 600 words in each book of this series, along with the additional target words in the appendices found in the first three books of the series, include the most useful words in English The books are based on the carefully researched BNC/COCA word frequency lists, which can be found on Paul Nation's website Because of the way that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics:

1 They are useful in both spoken and written English No matter w hat English course a learner is studying, the words in these books will be of value.

2 Each word in these books is a high-frequency word or mid-frequency word This means that the effort invested in learning the words will not be wasted Learners will have many chances to encounter or use them in their studies.

3 A sa whole, these books cover a large proportion of the words in any spoken or w ritten text They cover at least 80% of the words in newspapers and academ ic texts, and at least 90% of the words

in novels They also cover at least 90% of the words in conversation.

About the Books

The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of im portant learning conditions The words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings and forms of the words Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning of the words in the context o f a sentence—

a sentence which differs from the sentences that occurred in the introduction of the words Moreover, each unit ends with a story containing the target words While reading the story, the learners have

a chance to recall the meanings of the words and adapt them to the context of the story Such activities help learners develop a better understanding of a common meaning for a given word that fits the different uses.

Images for each target word help learners visualize the word as it is used in the exam ple sentence These word-image associations help students grasp the meaning of the word as w ell as recall the word later.

Book 1 assumes that the learner knows around 400 words of English and focuses on the remaining words in the first 1000, plus some from the second 1000.

Book 4 focuses primarily on the words in Averil Coxhead's well-known Academic Word List This list

of 570 words is particularly useful for learners of English as a foreign language w ho need to read academic texts in English at secondary school or university level, and who need to speak, write, and listen to lectures on academ ic topics in English.

Although many words have more than one grammatical form, this series focuses on the word's most common form This is mentioned to remind learners that, ju st because a word is labeled and used as

a noun in this series, does not mean that it can never be used in another form This series has sim ply focused on the word in the form in which it is most likely to be used.

To ensure that a wide range of learners in any given class can find useful words to learn in each unit, the inclusion of words does not strictly adhere to each 1000-word level However, there is a progression from the first 1000 words to the fourth 1000 words through the books in the series Table 1 shows the levels of the books.

Table 1 : The books in the 4000 ESSENTIAL ENGLISH WORDS series, frequency levels, and CEFR levels

4000 Level books Major word level in the books CEFR level

Supporting Learning with Other Activities

A well-balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development The highly structured activities in these books support all four types of learning opportunities Learning can further be supported through the following activities:

1 Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side of the card and the translation of the word in the student's first language on the other side Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day Over several weeks, students will find that quick repeated studying for brief periods of time is more effective than studying for hours at one sitting.

2 Assign graded readers at appropriate levels Reading such books provides both enjoyment as well as meaning-focused input, which will improve student recall of the words.

3 Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight recognition and

usage Compass Publishing's Reading for Speed and Fluency is an invaluable resource for reading fluency

material.

4 Include listening, speaking, and writing activities in classes Reinforcement of the high-frequency vocabulary presented in this series is important across all four language skills.

Paul Nation is Emeritus Professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand He has taught

in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States, Finland, and Japan His specialist interests are language teaching methodology and vocabulary learning.

Paul Nation's website

https://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/staff/paul-nation

WORD LIST

□ a g r e e [agri:]

V.To a g r e e is to have the same opinion or belief as another person.

□ a lc o h o l [ælkehoil]

n.A lc o h o l is a type of drink that can make people drunk.

n.A b o a t is a vehicle that moves across water.

□ b r e a k f a s t [brekfost]

n B r e a k f a s t is the morning meal.

I ate eggs for b r e a k f a s t

c a m e r a [kæmare]

n c a m e r a is a piece of equipment that takes pictures.

□ c a p it a l [kæpatl]

n K c a p it a l is a city where a country’s government is based.

The c a p it a l of the United States is Washington, D.c

□ c a t c h [kætj]

V.To c a t c h is to grab or get something.

n.A d u c k is a small water bird.

8

□ e n jo y [ind3oi]

V.To e n jo y is to like something.

□ in v ite [inváit]

V.To in v it e is to ask someone to come to a place or event.

V.To lo v e is to like something or someone a lot.

I l o v e my family very much.

□ m o n t h [ID AHO ]

n K m o n t h is one of 12 periods of time in one year.

□ t r a v e l [træval]

V.To t r a v e l is to go to a faraway place on vacation or business.

□ t y p ic a l [tipikoi]

adj If something is t y p ic a l, it is normal, or something that usually happens.

My t y p i c a l breakfast is toast and eggs.

□ v is it [Vizit]

V.To v is it is to go and spend time in another place or see another person.

□ w e a t h e r [weôsr]

n.W e a t h e r is the temperature and the state of the outdoors.

□ w e e k [wi:k]

n A w e e k is a period of time that is seven days long.

□ w in e [wain]

n.W in e is an alcoholic drink made from grapes.

W r i t e t h e w o r d f r o m t h e w o r d b a n k t h a t b e s t f its e a c h s e n t e n c e

agreecapital

invitemonth

Augusttravel

boattypical

cameraweather

n Circle the two words in each group that are opposites.

Complete the puzzle with the word that is similar in meaning to the

bolded part.

11

HOTEL LA BUSSOLA

The Amalfi Coast in Italy is a beautiful place to travel It's a beautiful area with aninteresting culture Located on the Tyrrhenian Sea next to the Mediterranean in southernItaly, the Amalfi Coast has high mountains and amazing beaches Amalfi is on the westcoast of Italy, and it takes less than four hours to drive there from Rome, the country's

capital You'll love it from the moment you arrive there!

There are many activities for travelers, including beautiful beaches for swimming.You can also play games on the beach and catch frisbees A boat trip is a good way tospend the day, and you may see ducks and other birds sitting on the water Fishing isalso a popular activity There are dozens of villages on the Amalfi Coast, and you can visit

one of them to see how a typical local person lives If you're friendly, you might even get

invited into someone's house to enjoy home-cooked Italian food!

Italians like drinking alcohol, especially wine The Amalfi Coast has lots of gardens

to explore Italy is famous for its pizza and pasta However, the Amalfi Coast is also wellknown for fish and octopus because it is located next to the water Pastries are a popular

breakfast food on the Amalfi Coast

August is a popular month to travel to the Amalfi Coast because the weather iswarm It's easy to spend a week traveling around the area Make sure to take a camera soyou can take a lot of photos We're sure you'll agree that it's a great place!

iThe Amalfi Coast

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

a Eating Italian food

b Traveling around the world

d Eat great food

What is a popular breakfast food?

a Potatoes

b Pasta

c Pastries

d Pizza

According to the passage, why is August a popular time to visit?

a Many people do not work in August

b The weather is warm

c Italian food is best in August

d It does not rain

Do you think the author likes the Amalfi Coast? Give at least onereason that explains your thinking

WORD LIST

□ a d v e n t u r e [advéntjsr]

n.An a d v e n t u r e is a fun or exciting thing that you do.

□ a p p r o a c h [aproutj]

V.To a p p r o a c h something means to move close to it.

□ c a r e f u lly [kéarfali]

adv. C a r e f u ll y means with great attention, especially to detail or safety.

□ c h e m ic a l [kémikal]

n.A c h e m ic a l is something that scientists use in chemistry.

□ c r e a t e [kriéit]

V.To c r e a t e means to make something new.

She c r e a t e d an igloo from blocks of snow

□ e v il [i:vsl]

adj. E v il describes something or someone bad or cruel, not good.

□ e x p e r im e n t [ikspéramant]

n.An e x p e r i m e n t is a test that you do to see what will happen.

□ k ill [kil]

V.To k ill someone or something is to make them die.

I k ille d the fly

□ la b o r a t o r y [læbaratàiri]

n.A la b o r a t o r y is a room where a scientist works.

□ la u g h [læf]

n. L a u g h is the sound made when someone is happy or a funny thing occurs.

□ lo u d [laud]

adj If a sound is lo u d , it is strong and very easy to hear.

□ n e r v o u s [ne rves]

adj When a person is n e r v o u s , they think something bad will happen.

□ n o is e [noiz]

n A n o is e is an unpleasant sound.

□ p r o je c t [pràdjekt]

n A p r o j e c t is a type of work that you do for school or a job.

□ s c a r e [skse:r]

V.To s c a r e someone is to make them feel afraid.

□ s e c r e t [si:krit]

n A s e c r e t is something that you do not tell other people.

□ s h o u t [faut]

V.To s h o u t is to say something loudly.

□ s m e ll [smel]

V.To s m e ll something means to use your nose to sense it.

□ t e r r ib le [térabal]

adj If something is t e r r i b l e , it is very bad.

□ w o r s e [wa rs]

adj If something is w o r s e , it is of poorer quality than another thing.

C ir c le t h e t w o w o r d s in e a c h g r o u p t h a t a r e m o s t c lo s e ly r e l a t e d

Q Check ( ✓ ) the one that best fits the blank.

a if it does not create something

b if you don’t carefully pay attention to your power supply

17

n

The Laborator

Mia's father had a laboratory, but she had no idea w hat was in it Her dad always

closed and locked the door when he went in She knew that he used it to do projects for

work He never told Mia what these projects were.

One night, Mia approached the door to the laboratory She stopped and thought,

"I wonder what crazy experim ent he is doing now." Suddenly, she heard a loud noise It

sounded like an evil laugh.The noise scared her, so she walked quickly back to her room.

The next night, her friend Liz came to her house When Liz arrived, Mia told her

about the night before "Oh, it was terrible,"she said.

"Why don't we see what is in there?" Liz asked "It will be a fun adventure!"

Mia felt nervous about going into her father's laboratory, but she agreed As always,

the door was locked They waited until Mia's father left the laboratory to eat dinner "He

didn't lock the door!" Liz said "Let's go."

The laboratory was dark The girls walked down the stairs carefully Mia smelled

strange chemicals What terrible thing was her father creating?

Suddenly, they heard an evil laugh It was even worse than the one Mia heard the

night before What if a monster was going to kill them? Mia had to do something She

shouted for help.

Mia's father ran into the room and turned on the lights "Oh, no," he said "You must

have learned my secret."

"Your monster tried to kill US," Mia said.

"Monster?" he asked "You mean this?" He had a pretty doll in his hands The doll

laughed The laugh didn't sound so evil anymore "I made this for your birthday I wanted

——

READING COMPREHENSION

Answer the questions.

a A girl’s terrible experiment

b A secret that two girls have

c A girl who gets nervous about what’s in a laboratory

d A man who creates chemicals

a The room is very dark

b She hears a person shout

c She smells fire

d She hears a loud noise

a A monster kills her friend

b She does not like adventures

c She always locks the door of her room

d Her birthday has not come yet

a A doll to give to Mia for her birthday

b A way to keep the door closed

c A chemical that smells like smoke

d A monster that has an evil laugh

T r a c k 2 - 2

1 9

WORD LIST

a lie n [éiljan]

n.An a li e n is a creature from a different world.

The a lie n came in peace

□ a m o n g [amAn]

prep. If you are a m o n g certain things, they are all around you.

□ c h a r t [tjarrt]

n.A c h a r t is a list of information.

□ c lo u d [klaud]

n.A c lo u d is a group of water drops in the sky.

□ d e s c r ib e [diskráib]

V.To d e s c r ib e is to say or write what someone or something is like.

□ e v e r [ever]

adv E v e r means at any time.

□ f a il [feil]

V.To f a il means you do not succeed in what you try to do.

□ g r a d e [greid]

n.A g r a d e is a score or mark given to someone’s work.

□ in s t e a d [instéd]

adv In s t e a d means in place of.

□ lib r a r y [láibrèri]

n.A li b r a r y is a place where you go to read books.

The lib r a r y at school is full of books

20

□ p h o t o g r a p h [fôutegræf]

n. I like taking p h o t o g r a p h s (A p h o t o g r a p h is a picture made using a camera.)

I took this p h o t o g r a p h with my cell phone

□ p la n e t [plænat]

n.A p l a n e t is a large round thing in space.

□ r e p o r t [ripoirt]

n.A r e p o r t is something someone writes for school or work.

□ s e v e r a l [sévsrai]

adj. S e v e r a l is more than two but not many.

□ s h a p e [feip]

n.An object’s s h a p e is the arrangement of its sides and surfaces.

□ s o lv e [salv]

V.To s o lv e something is to find an answer to it.

□ s u d d e n ly [sÂdnli]

adv. If something happens s u d d e n ly , it happens quickly and unexpectedly.

□ s u p p o s e [sapouz]

V.To s u p p o s e is to guess.

I s u p p o s e I should go home now

□ u n d e r s t a n d [Anderstænd]

V.To u n d e r s t a n d something you need to know what it means.

□ v ie w [vju:]

V.To v ie w is to look at something.

a a score or mark on someone’s work b a small copy of something larger

3.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

22

C ir c le t h e w o r d t h a t f i t s t h e d e f i n i t i o n

1. ■without w arning!

2 ■not an exact amount but less than man!

3 ■a picture from a cameraBfô, > c O fX V /j

4

5 ■to g u e s s ^ ^ ^ ^ l

W r i t e t h e w o r d t h a t b e s t f it s e a c h s e n t e n c e

your home to me

days ago, I lost my backpack

23

The Renortỉ l

Lee sat among the books at the library and thought about his group project They had to turn it in soon, but he hadn't even started his part! Jack and Claire were

in his group.They had worked hard.They were also very smart, and Lee didn't want them

to get a bad grade.

Jack did the report He wrote a lot of very good sentences and described things clearly and carefully Claire drew a nice map of the stars Now, Lee needed to do his part

of the project.

"Well, I suppose I need to start my model," Lee thought.

Making a model of a planet was really hard Lee tried to read several books, but

he couldn't understand any of the charts "We're going to fail because of me!" Lee said.

He put his head down on the table and said, "I wish I could see a planet and an alien,

on the web and look for photographs of the Earth and other planets taken from space They would give him a really good view of the planets they had to talk about in their report Instead of a bad grade, his group would have the best project ever The photos of Earth showed lots of clouds, but you could still see the shapes of land and seas on Earth.

He also looked at photos of Mars.

Lee now had plenty of ideas for making a model of the planet Mars All he had to do was to turn his ideas into a model He used a small ball to help him make the shape he wanted and then painted it to look like the photos of Mars that he had seen Sometimes seeing is much more helpful than just reading!

læ Œ Œ s B f B iH

B B E E E IB IB B I

M QẼ 5Ẽ ftl B I

k

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

a Why a smart boy fails a class

b How to get the right kind of information

c A boy who wants to write instead of draw

d A boy’s trip to the planets

a How to make a model of a planet

b Why there are maps among the books

c Where the best place is to view the stars

d How to read the information in a chart

a It has three sentences

b It must describe clouds

c It is not due for several days

d It is about the stars and planets

a Got several books from the library

b Looked at photos on the internet

c Made a model of a planet

d Solved his own problems

T r a c k 3 - 2

25

WORD LIST

□ a p p r o p r ia t e [apróuprièit]

adj. When a thing is a p p r o p r ia t e , it is right or normal.

□ a v o id [avoid]

V.To a v o id something is to stay away from it.

A v o id the broken bottle on the floor

□ b e h a v e [bihéiv]

V.To b e h a v e is to act in a particular way, especially to be good.

□ c a lm [ka:m]

adj. When someone is c a lm , they do not get excited or upset.

□ c o n c e r n [kenséirn]

n. C o n c e r n is a feeling of worry.

□ c o n t e n t [kentént]

adj. To be c o n t e n t is to be happy and not want more.

□ e x p e c t [ikspékt]

V.If you e x p e c t something to happen, you believe it will happen.

I e x p e c t the bus to be here very soon

□ f r e q u e n t ly [frizkwentli]

adv. When something happens f r e q u e n t ly , it happens often.

□ h a b it [hæbit]

n.A h a b it is a thing that you do often.

□ in s t r u c t [instrÁkt]

V.To in s t r u c t is to teach.

My teacher i n s t r u c t s US in several subjects

□ is s u e [ífu:]

n.An issue is an important topic.

□ p a t ie n t [péijènt]

adj. If people are patient, they don’t become angry or upset easily.

□ p o s it iv e [pazetiv]

adj. If something is positive, it is good.

□ p u n is h [pÂnij]

V.To punish means to make someone suffer for breaking the rules or laws.

To p u n is h me, my teacher had me stand in the corner

□ r e p r e s e n t [rèprizént]

V.To represent is to speak or act for a person or group.

My lawyer will r e p r e s e n t me in court

□ s h a k e [feik]

V.To shake is to move back and forth or up and down quickly.

□ s p r e a d [spred]

V.To spread is to move out to cover a larger area.

I like to s p r e a d butter on my toast

□ s t ro ll [stroul]

V.To stroll means to walk slowly and calmly.

□ v illa g e [vilids]

n.A village is a very small town.

27

a the teacher reminded everyone to behave

b she instructed the people to go to sleep

a We turned around out of habit

a so I decided to stroll through town

b so I knew it was not appropriate to talk

a so I felt concerned about them

a frequently I would sit and read

b there was none left

b so I had to be patient

b I shook his hand

28

The Don's Be

John's dog was a bad dog He bit people frequently John was concerned about this It was not an appropriate way for a dog to behave His friends in the village always

behave, but it never worked He tried to be patient and teach the dog to be calm That also didn't work John didn't want to punish the dog."How will I stop my dog's bad habit?"

John asked himself.

John's friend came to talk to him about the issue "During their important meeting," his friend said,"the people in the village asked me to represent them We want your dog

to stop this habit Why don't you put a bell around the dog's neck? This way, w e would hear your dog coming down the street."

John thought this was a great idea Now, people could stay away from the dog It would not be able to bite anyone anymore.

The dog liked the bell, too People looked at him when they heard his bell This made the dog very content He liked the sound the bell made when he walked.

One day, John's dog strolled through the village and met some other dogs He expected them to want a bell like his But they laughed at his bell They said the bell made people avoid him John's dog shook his head "No, they look at me because they like the bell."

The other dogs said, "You have the wrong idea about what makes you popular Of course, they like your bell It tells them where you are so they can avoid you You aren't able to bite them anymore!"

You see, being popular isn't something positive when it's for the wrong reason.

30

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

a A dog that is frequently bad

b A dog’s stroll through town

c A content man and his dog

d A village that liked John’s dog

a He likes none of John’s friends

b He shakes his head too much

c He bites when it’s not appropriate

d He expects people to be calm around him

a People thought of John in a positive way

b People avoided going to John’s house

c People didn’t want John to represent them

d People didn’t like the song that John played

a He instructed the dog on learning tricks

b He punished the dog for biting

c He was patient and showed concern

d He put a bell around the dog’s neck

T r a c k 4 - 2

31

WORD LIST

F

□ a c t iv e [æktiv]

adj. When someone is a c t i v e , they move a lot or have a lot of things to do.

□ a d u lt [edAlt]

n. An a d u l t is a person who is more than 18 years old.

a g e [eid3]

n A g e is how many years someone has lived.

□ b a d [bæd]

adj. When something is b a d , it is not good.

□ b a l a n c e [bselans]

n B a l a n c e is when tw o or more things are equal.

□ b ik e [baik]

n. A b i k e is a vehicle with tw o wheels powered by a human.

□ c h o o s e [tfu:z]

V.To c h o o s e is to pick something or make a decision.

□ d o c t o r [daktsr]

n. A d o c t o r is a person who studies medicine and helps sick people.

□ d u r in g [djiierirj]

prep D u r i n g an event means while the event was happening.

□ f o o t b a ll [futbDi]

n F o o t b a l l is a sport with eleven members and an oval-shaped ball.

F o o t b a ll is a popular sport in the United States

32

□ f u r i[ f A n ]

adj When something is f u n , it is enjoyable.

□ g a m e [ g e im ]

n A g a m e is an activity where people com pete against each other.

□ h e a r t [ha:rt]

n A h e a r t is an organ that keeps the body alive.

My h e a r t beats fast when I am nervous

□ g o lf [galf]

n. G o l f is a sport with clubs and a small white ball.

□ in c r e a s e [inkrirs]

V To i n c r e a s e is to make something larger.

I will i n c r e a s e my score if I study for the test

□ life [laif]

n. L i f e is the tim e when a person is alive.

□ k il o m e t e r [kilometer]

n K k i l o m e t e r is a unit of measurement that is 1,000 meters.

□ o f t e n [Olfen]

adv. O f t e n is when something happens many times.

He o f t e n goes to bed early during the week

□ p le n ty [plenti]

pron If you have p l e n t y of something, there is a lot of it.

□ w e ig h t [we it]

n.W e i g h t is how heavy something or someone is.

3 bad I fun

Have you heard ofthe IronmanTriathlon? It's considered oneofthe most challengingsporting events in the world Competitors swim, ride a bike, and run.The race consists of

a 3.86-kilometer swim, a 180.25-kilometer bicycle ride, and a 42.2-kilometer run Thereare no breaks during the race, so competitors must keep going no matter what Peoplewho choose to enter this race must be healthy and prepared in both mind and body.Ironman races are held all over the world Some well-known competitions takeplace in New Zealand, Germany, and California in the United States There are severalrules for those who want to compete in the Ironman The minimum age of racers is 18,

so everyone who competes is an adult Training for the Ironman can take more than

a year People who train often start practicing the events at shorter distances first andthen increase the amount of length and time they swim, bike, and run Training can

be difficult because people need to find a balance of strength and endurance training.Without enough training, people can get bad injuries Some people even gain weight

when training because their bodies store calories instead of using them for energy Allpeople in training should drink plenty of water

Doctors believe that exercise is good for people's health and helps the heart.

People participate in other sports and games such as golf or American football, but theIronman is a challenging way to stay fit Even though it is hard, it can still be fun It's a greatway to stay active and enjoy life!

Ironman

Answer the questions.

T r a c k 5 - 2

What is the passage about?

a Eating healthy food

b Competing in Ironman races

How old must you be to be in the Ironman?

a Less than 18 years old

b At least 18 years old

c 42 or older

d There is no age limit

According to the passage, why is it dangerous not to train beforedoing the Ironman?

a There are exciting races around the world

b It is fun and a good way to exercise

c Racers will win if they practice

d Bad injuries can happen without good training

The Ironman is made up of which three sports?

37

WORD LIST

□ a p a r t [apœrt]

□ a t t r ib u t e [ætribjùit]

□ b ilin g u a l [bailirjgwel]

□ c o m p le t e l y [kem pliitli]

adv. Something c o m p l e t e l y different is very, very different from before.

I was c o m p l e t e ly wrong

□ dash[dæj]

□ d is g u s t [disgAst]

□ f a s h io n a b le [fæjenabl]

adj. Something f a s h i o n a b l e is what people like to wear and do now.

It is very f a s h i o n a b l e to wear a hat

□ f o r e ig n [fâren]

□ g u lf [ g A l f ]

□ m ir r o r [mire(r)]

□ n a t u r a l [naeự aral]

□ n o w a d a y s [nàuadèiz]

□ p a r t ic ip a n t [pairtisapant]

□ r it u a l [ritjuel]

□ s p o k e n [spoukan]

□ s p o r t [spoilt]

□ s u r p r is e d [serpraizd]

□ t e n s e [tens]

□ t o t a lly [toutaii]

adv. If you t o t a l l y agree, you agree with everything just said.

I am t o t a l ly against that

□ v a g u e [veig]

adj. If something is v a g u e , it is not clear and gives very few details.

C ir c le t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t f it s t h e q u e s t i o n

a It is used for cooking

c We can find it in the forest

b It gets very hot

d You can see yourself in it