4000 Essential English Words 2 (2nd Edition)

4000 Essential English Words is a sixbook series that is designed to focus on practical highfrequency words to enhance the vocabulary of learners from high beginner to advanced levels. The series presents a variety of words that cover a large percentage of the words that can be found in many spoken or written texts. Thus, after mastering these target words, learners will be able to fully understand vocabulary items when they encounter them in written and spoken form. Each unit presents 20 words which are defined and used in sample sentences. The activities in the books are designed to present the words in different uses so that learners can fully see how they can be utilized. Also at the end of each unit there is a story whch contains the units target words to give learners further examples of the words in use. Each level properly prepares the learner for the next, progressively challenging the learner with more sophisticated vocabulary and stories.

4000 ESSENTIAL ENGLISH WORDS

• SECOND EDITION •

A A anxious, awful, consist, desire, eager, household, intent, landscape, lift, load, -

lung, motion, pace, polite, possess, rapidly, remark, seek, shine, spill The Battle of

ancestor, angle, boot, border, congratulate, frame, heaven, incredible, legend, praise, proceed, pure, relative, senior, silent, sink, superior, surround, thick, 32 wrap

also, automatically, busy, can, clear, close, discuss, feel, listen, meet, music, normal, quiet, relax, sleep, stress, study, talk, work, write 38basis, biology, cage, colleague, colony, debate, depart, depress, factual,

fascinate, mission, nevertheless, occupation, overseas, persuade, route, ruins, 44 scholar, significant, volcano

broad, bush, capable, cheat, concentrate, conclude, confident, considerable, convey, definite, delight, destination, edge, instructions, path, resort, shadow, 50 succeed, suspect, valley

against, beach, damage, discover, emotion, fix, identify, island, ocean, perhaps, pleasant, prevent, rock, save, smile, step, still, taste, throw, wave citizen, council, declare, enormous, extraordinary, fog, funeral, giant, impression, intention, mad, ought, resist, reveal, rid, sword, tale, trap, trial, violent

admission, astronomy, blame, chemistry, despite, dinosaur, exhibit, fame, Dinosaur Drawings forecast, genius, gentle, geography, interfere, lightly, principal, row, shelf,

spite, super, wet The Mean Chef

The Good Student greenhouse, ignore, obvious, physics, portion, remind, secretary, severe,

talent, thesis, uniform, vision

The Lucky Knife

86

absorb, boss, charitable, committee, contract, crew, devote, dig, dine, donate, double, flavor, foundation, generation, handle, layer, mud, smooth, soil, 92 unique

4

R e a d in g P a s s a g e

1 (5 Adams County's Gold

2 4 The Doctor's Cure

How Comet Got His

Tail

2 6 The Two Captains

The Duke and the

2 8 The Fisherman

2 9 Osiris and the Nile

The Kitten and the

aim, attach, bet, carriage, classic, com m ute, confirm , criticize, differ, expense, formal, height, invent ju n io r, labor, mechanic, prime, shift, signal, sincere ability, agriculture, cartoon, ceiling, convince, curious, delay, diary, elem ent, faith, grain, greet, investigate, joy, label, monk, odd, pause, priest, profession ball, bottom , company, drink, few, line, pet, product, responsible, sell, snake, stand, strange, tea, test, tongue, they, type, very, w ait

accomplish, approve, approxim ate, barrier, detect, duty, elementary, failure, gradual, im m igrant, insert, instant, poverty, pretend, rank, recognition, refrigerate, rent, retire, statistic

accident, astronaut, awake, courage, float, grant, g ra v ity je w e l, miner, mineral, participate, permission, pour, raw, satellite, scale, skip, stretch, telescope, underground

alarm, arrest, award, breed, bucket, contest, convict, festival, garage, journalist, pup, qualify, repair, resume, rob, slip, somewhat, stable, tissue, yard

best, card, crowd, day, dish, easy, experience, hotel, hour, light, market, plan, price, short, shop, station, surprise, system, taxi, tw o

bath, bend, chew, disabled, fantastic, fiction, flag, inspect, journal, liquid, marvel, overcome, recall, regret, soul, sufficient, surgery, tough, tube, value atom, beautiful, breadth, comet, cover, despair, form, fragm ent, galaxy, gloom , large, moon, radiate, roam, solitary, spectrum, sphere, star, status, ugly

accuse, adjust, amuse, coral, cotton, crash, deck, engage, firm , fuel, grand, hurricane, loss, plain, reef, shut, strict, surf, task, zone

apology, bold, bug, capture, duke, expose, guilty, hire, innocent, language, minister, ordinary, permanent, preserve, pronounce, resemble, sym ptom , tobacco, tw in, w itch

accompany, bare, branch, breath, bridge, cast, dare, electronic, inn, net, philosophy, pot, seed, sharp, sort, subtract, tig ht, virtual, weigh, w hisper abstract, annual, clay, cloth, curtain, deserve, feather, fertile, flood, furniture, grave, ideal, intelligence, obtain, religious, romantic, shell, shore, wheel, wooden

appliance, basin, broom , caterpillar, cupboard, delicate, emerge, handicap, hole, hook, hop, laundry, pursue, reluctant, sleeve, spine, stain, strip, swear, swing

P a g e

98

104

110 116

122

128

134 140

146 152 158

5

About the Vocabulary

The 600 words in each book of this series, along with the additional target words in the appendices found in the first three books of the series, include the most useful words in English The books are based on the carefully researched BNC/COCA word frequency lists, which can be found on Paul Nation's website Because of the way that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics:

1 They are useful in both spoken and written English No matter w hat English course a learner is studying, the words in these books will be of value.

2 Each word in these books is a high-frequency word or mid-frequency word This means that the effort invested in learning the words will not be wasted Learners will have many chances to encounter or use them in their studies.

3 A sa whole, these books cover a large proportion of the words in any spoken or w ritten text They cover at least 80% of the words in newspapers and academ ic texts, and at least 90% of the words

in novels They also cover at least 90% of the words in conversation.

About the Books

The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of im portant learning conditions The words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings and forms of the words Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning of the words in the context o f a sentence—

a sentence which differs from the sentences that occurred in the introduction of the words Moreover, each unit ends with a story containing the target words While reading the story, the learners have

a chance to recall the meanings of the words and adapt them to the context of the story Such activities help learners develop a better understanding of a common meaning for a given word that fits the different uses.

Images for each target word help learners visualize the word as it is used in the exam ple sentence These word-image associations help students grasp the meaning of the word as w ell as recall the word later.

Book 1 assumes that the learner knows around 400 words of English and focuses on the remaining words in the first 1000, plus some from the second 1000.

Book 4 focuses primarily on the words in Averil Coxhead's well-known Academic Word List This list

of 570 words is particularly useful for learners of English as a foreign language w ho need to read academic texts in English at secondary school or university level, and who need to speak, write, and listen to lectures on academ ic topics in English.

Although many words have more than one grammatical form, this series focuses on the word's most common form This is mentioned to remind learners that, ju st because a word is labeled and used as

a noun in this series, does not mean that it can never be used in another form This series has sim ply focused on the word in the form in which it is most likely to be used.

6

To ensure that a wide range of learners in any given class can find useful words to learn in each unit, the inclusion of words does not strictly adhere to each 1000-word level However, there is a progression from the first 1000 words to the fourth 1000 words through the books in the series Table 1 shows the levels of the books.

Table 1 : The books in the 4000 ESSENTIAL ENGLISH WORDS series, frequency levels, and CEFR levels

Supporting Learning with Other Activities

A well-balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development The highly structured activities in these books support all four types of learning opportunities Learning can further be supported through the following activities:

1 Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side of the card and the translation of the word in the student's first language on the other side Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day Over several weeks, students will find that quick repeated studying for brief periods of time is more effective than studying for hours at one sitting.

2 Assign graded readers at appropriate levels Reading such books provides both enjoyment as well as meaning-focused input, which will improve student recall of the words.

3 Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight recognition and

usage Compass Publishing's Reading for Speed and Fluency is an invaluable resource for reading fluency

material.

4 Include listening, speaking, and writing activities in classes Reinforcement of the high-frequency vocabulary presented in this series is important across all four language skills.

Paul Nation is Emeritus Professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand He has taught

in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States, Finland, and Japan His specialist interests are language teaching methodology and vocabulary learning.

Paul Nation's website

https://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/staff/paul-nation

WORD LIST

b e c a u s e [bikoz]

e a s t [list]

n E a s t is the direction the sun rises from.

e x p e n s iv e [ikspénsiv]

adj. E x p e n s i v e things cost a lot of money.

f lo w e r [flauar]

n. A f l o w e r is the colored part of a plant.

g a r d e n [gccrdn]

n. A g a r d e n is an area where people grow plants.

The g a r d e n is very bright and colorful in the spring.

h o lid a y [háledèi]

n. A h o l i d a y is a special day of celebration.

m a n y [méni]

adj. M a n y shows that there is a large number of something.

m illio n [miljen]

n. A m i l l i o n is another way to write the number 1,000,000.

m o u n ta in [mauntan]

n. A m o u n t a i n is a very high hill.

p la c e [pleis]

n.A p l a c e is a space or area.

p o p u la r [pàpjuler]

adj. A p o p u la r thing is liked by many people.

s k i [ski:]

V.To s k i is to glide on long pieces of wood or metal over snow.

s u c h [sAtfl

adj S u c h means “ like this”

to ta l [tóuti]

n T o ta l shows that everyone or everything has been counted.

The t o ta l cost of the items she bought was $52.

t o w e r [táuer]

n. A t o w e r is a tall, narrow building.

to w n [taun]

n. A to w n is a place where people live and work, and is smaller than a city.

tr a in [trein]

n. A tr a in is a group of railway cars connected together.

The t r a in is very fast, so we can get home in one hour.

w a lk [work]

V.To w a l k is to move forward using legs, but it is slower than running.

w a t c h [watfl

V.To w a t c h is to look at someone or something for a period of time.

w o r ld [wa:rld]

n. The w o r ld is the Earth and all the people and things in it.

b Lo ok at th e beau tiful red f l o w e r

b M y fa th e r can fly a t r a i n

10

Write the word from the word bank that best fits each sentence.

4 I am scared of flying, so I will take th e to London

10 This shopping mall is great because it h a s different stores

Match to complete the words Then write the part of speech.

• ụ i i

More people visit France than any other place in the world A total of 82.6 million

people visited France in 2016 Why is France such a popular country? It is because there

is something for everyone.

There are many things to do in Paris, the capital of France Visitors can w alkth ro u g h

the streets and enjoy famous buildings, such as the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, the Arc de

Triomphe, and Notre Dame Cathedral While sightseeing, visitors can eat at many different

restaurants Many visitors like to try "haute cuisine," which is expensive French food.

However, visitors can also enjoy cheaper food at restaurants and cafés.

Those who love nature can visit the many gardens and parks of Paris Luxembourg

Garden is a beautiful place for people to see flowers and trees It is also home to over a

hundred statues, and there is a museum nearby Every day of the week, it is com m on to

see people eating lunch, playing with their children, and going for walks.

Visitors who love sports can go to a soccer game, since soccer is the most popular

sport in France Visitors can take the train and watch games in different towns, such as

Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, and Nice.

France is also a great place for visitors who love to ski The French Alps in the east

of France are popular because there are many mountains Some of the ski resorts are

packed with people on certain holidays.

Although numbers have gone down, France still gets the most visitors each year It's

expected that a hundred million visitors will travel to France by 2020.

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

1 What is this reading about?

a Paris, the most popular city in the world

b Traveling in Europe

c France, the m ost-visited country in the world

d Sports in France

2 What can visitors do in Paris?

a They can visit famous places and eat French food

b They can learn how to ski in the French Alps

c They can be one of 82.6 million visitors

d They can watch a soccer game

3 Where can visitors enjoy nature in the city?

a Notre Dame Cathedral

b The different towns near Paris

c The French Alps

d Luxembourg Garden

4 Which of the following is true?

a Soccer is the second most popular sport in France

b The Louvre is in a town called Lyon

c France expects a hundred million visitors per year by 2020

d France no longer gets the most travelers

5 Where can visitors eat cheaper food in Paris?

T r a c k 1 - 2

1 3

WORD LIST

□ a n x io u s [ærjkjes]

adj. A n x io u s means feeling worried or nervous.

a w fu l [o fel]

adj. An a w f u l thing is very bad.

c o n s is t [kensist]

V.To c o n s is t of certain is to be made of parts or things them.

d e s ir e [dizàier]

V.To d e s ir e is to want something.

e a g e r [i:ger]

adj. E a g e r shows excitement about something.

h o u s e h o ld [háushòuld]

n. A h o u s e h o ld is all the people who live in one house.

Our h o u s e h o ld is made up of my father, my mother, and me.

in te n t [intent]

n. An in t e n t is a plan to do something.

Her in t e n t is to visit Italy next summer.

la n d s c a p e [lændskèip]

n. A la n d s c a p e is how an area of land looks.

The la n d s c a p e of the country is very green.

lift [lift]

V.To l i f t something is to move it higher.

lo a d [loud]

V.To lo a d is to put objects into something.

lu n g [lAQ]

n f\ lu n g is a part of the body that fills with air when breathing.

m o tio n [moufan]

p a c e [peis]

p o lite [pelait]

adj. P o l i t e shows a thoughtful and kind behavior.

p o s s e s s [pazés]

V To p o s s e s s something is to have it or own it.

r a p id ly [rsepidli]

adv. R a p i d l y means happening very fast.

r e m a r k [rimdirk]

V.To r e m a r k is to say something.

s e e k [si:k]

V To s e e k is to look for something.

s h in e [fain]

V. To s h i n e is to make a bright light.

s p ill [spil]

V To s p i l l is to accidentally make something fall out of its container.

I Spilled the coffee on the table.

Circle the word that fits the definition.

1. ■a m ovem entKxjsj

a It is hard to s e e k for things when it is sunny.

b A l a n d s c a p e may have snow during the winter

a Most children are e a g e r to get gifts

b Good friends are a w f u l to have around

a The lu n g s help move blood through the body

b People may feel a n x io u s when they give a speech

a It isn’t p o l i t e to take things without asking first

b You should help s p i l l the dishes after dinner

a If you work at a fast p a c e , things will get done quickly

b It is easy to l i f t an elephant

a People are e a g e r to leave when they don’t want to go anywhere

b You should get help when l i f t i n g heavy boxes

a L a n d s c a p e painting involves pictures of people

b Everyone has a w f u l days when nothing goes right

a It is good to s e e k advice when you have a problem

b Students feel a n x io u s when they get good grades

9. a When you breathe, air goes into your lu n g s

b One p a c e can be a kilometer long

10. a P o l i t e people do not say “ please” or “thank you.”

b When you s p i ll something, you should clean it up right away

17

The Twelve Months

An awful woman lived with her daughter and stepdaughter in her household She

possessed feelings of hate for her stepdaughter, Anna Anna worked while her stepsister

did nothing On a cold January night, Anna's stepmother remarked, "Your stepsister

desires flowers Go and find some."

Anna was anxious about walking through the chilly landscape The cold air madeher lungs burn She walked at a slow pace because of the snow Soon, she saw a group

of people It consisted of twelve men Anna told them about the flowers

One of the men said they were the twelve months and that they would help Anna.January walked to her and made a motion with his hand The days of the month passed

rapidly until it was February's turn February also made the month speed up Then, March

made the sun shine, and flowers grew in the field.

Anna loaded her basket with so many flowers that she could hardly lift it Then, shegave a quick but polite "thank you" to the twelve men and returned home She was very

eager to show her stepmother all the flowers Back at the house, she spilled the flowersonto the table Then, she told her stepmother about the twelve men Anna's stepmotherand stepsister went to seek the twelve months Their intent was to ask for gifts Theylooked and looked They became lost and never found their way home, so Anna livedhappily by herself

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

1 What is the story about?

a Why a year consists of twelve months

b How a girl made the sun shine in winter

c Why moving at a slow pace is good

d How the months helped a polite girl

2 Why did Anna need to seek flowers?

a Her stepm other remarked that she liked them

b Her awful stepsister desired them

c She spilled the ones she already possessed

d She was eager to walk in the snow

3 In paragraph 4, readers can infer t h a t

a the months rapidly helped Anna load her basket

b Anna asked the months to live in her household

c Anna’s awful stepm other and stepsister never found the months

d Anna got lost going across the dark landscape on her way home

4 According to the passage, all the following are true E X C E P T

a the cold air hurt Anna’s lungs

b Anna’s stepm other lifted the basket

c January made a motion to speed up time

d Anna was anxious about going out in the cold, dark night

5 What was Anna’s stepm other’s and stepsister’s intent when they left?

WORD LIST

a r r o w [ærou]

n.An a r r o w is a thin, straight stick shot from a bow.

The a r r o w flew through the air and hit the target.

b a t tle [bæti]

n. A b a t t le is a fight between two armies during a war.

The b a t t l e lasted for many days.

b o w [bou]

n. A b o w is a weapon made of curved wood and string that shoots arrows.

b r a v e [breiv]

adj. A b r a v e person is not afraid to face pain or danger.

The b r a v e firefighter saved the girl from the burning building.

c h ie f [tfi:f]

n. A c h ie f is the leader of a group of people.

The c h i e f led the people through the mountains.

d is a d v a n t a g e [disedvæntidj]

n. A d is a d v a n ta g e is a situation that makes it hard to do something.

e n e m y [énami]

n. An e n e m y is a country that is fighting another country during a war.

The e n e m y prepared to attack the kingdom.

e n tr a n c e [éntrsns]

n. An e n t r a n c e is a place where someone can enter an area.

h a r d ly [hairdii]

adv. H a r d ly shows that something happens in a very small way.

I h a r d ly saw the concert since I had to leave early.

in te n d [intend]

V.To in te n d to do something means to plan to do it.

I in te n d to finish college in three years.

la u g h te r [læ ftar]

n. L a u g h te r is the sound produced by laughing about something funny.

lo g [lo:g]

n. lo g is a thick piece of wood that is cut from a tree.

m ilita r y [militèri]

n.The m ilit a r y is the armed forces of a country.

o b e y [oubéi]

V.To o b e y means to follow what a law or a person says to do.

s e c u r e [sikjiie:r]

V.To s e c u r e something means to get it after a lot of effort.

s t e a d y [stédi]

adj. S te a d y shows that someone or something does not change much.

tr u s t [trASt]

V.To t r u s t is to believe that someone is honest and will do what is right.

I t r u s t my friends; they don’t tell my secrets to other people.

t w is t [twist]

V.When we t w i s t something we turn it around and around.

She t w is t e d the spaghetti around her fork.

u n le s s [enlés]

U n le s s you clean your room, you cannot play with your friends.

w e a p o n [wépen]

n. A w e a p o n is an object used to hurt people.

21

W r i t e t h e w o r d t h a t b e s t f its e a c h s e n t e n c e

1 b o w /lo g

2 enemy I military

3 obey I trust

he’ll do

4 intended I secured

5 battle / disadvantage

n C ir c le t h e w o r d t h a t fi ts t h e d e f i n i t i o n

1 1a person of the highest

2. done in a small or weak w a v K ig iB ii

3. to wrap around itself or another thing

4

5. a space used to go into an areaBBfS

22

Complete the puzzle with the word that is similar in meaning to the

bolded part.

DOWN

1 At work, Mr Smith is the p e r s o n w it h t h e h ig h e s t r a n k

2 The lo n g , s tr a ig h t s t ic k w ith a p o in te d e n d hit the center of the target

4 His g ig g le made other people smile

5 If w e d o n ’t stop for gas soon, the car will run out

8 Johan was afraid of heights, but he remained u n d e r c o n t r o l and finished

the climb

ACROSS

3 The little boy was n o t a fr a id to look under his bed for the monster

6 He lost the fight because h is o b j e c t u s e d f o r h u r tin g p e o p le was broken

7 I b a r e ly know my neighbors; I don’t see them very often

9 Snakes w r a p themselves around the tree branches

10 I could not find the p la c e to g o in to the movie theater

23

Spartan - a person from the city of Sparta in Greece

shield - a piece of wood or metal that soldiers carried to protect themselves

This is a true story It happened long ago in Greece

"We must fight,"the Spartan* chief told his small army of brave men They were at

a great disadvantage There were only three hundred of them The Persian military hadhundreds of thousands of men

They were going to lose unless they could secure a small entrance The enemy

couldn't move through it easily They intended to stop the enemy there The chief and hismen got ready for the battle.

Soon, long lines of the enemy's army twisted around the hills The chief met theenemy with laughter He knew that his men's weapons and skills were better TheSpartans trusted their leader and obeyed him

First, the enemy soldiers shot arrows from their bows The chief told his men to lifttheir shields* The arrows stuck into the shields but did not hurt any of the men

Then, the enemy's soldiers attacked the Spartans with long spears The chiefsurprised them His men sent logs down the hills at the enemy

They fought for three days Although they hardly slept at all, the chief and his menremained steady.

But the enemy found a way to beat the Spartans The chief and all of his men werekilled Even though they lost, the Battle ofThermopylae is one of the most famous battles

in history

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

1 What is this story about?

a How an enemy made an attack against shields

b Why logs were rolled down on soldiers

c How a small army alm ost beat a large military

d Why good soldiers obey their leaders

2 Why was the smaller army not afraid of the larger one?

a The larger army didn’t have any weapons

b The smaller army had better weapons and skills

c The larger army did not trust their leader

d The smaller army did not intend to fight

a because they heard the soldiers’ laughter

b unless they secured the narrow entrance

c against the other arm y’s bows and arrows

d hardly any men fighting the large army

4 According to the passage, all the following are true about thePersian army E X C E P T

a their long lines of soldiers twisted around the hills

b they used bows and arrows

c they had a steady three-day attack against the Spartans

d they used fire to defeat the Spartans

5 Why did the soldiers do whatever their chief asked of them?

WORD LIST

□ c h e s t [tjest]

n. The c h e s t is the front part of a body between the neck and stomach.

c o n f id e n c e [kànfidens]

n. C o n fi d e n c e is a feeling of certainty or ability.

I have c o n f id e n c e that I did well on the test.

c o n s e q u e n c e [kônsikwèns]

n. A c o n s e q u e n c e is a result of a choice or action.

d is a s te r [dizæster]

n. A d is a s t e r is a really bad thing that happens.

d is tu r b [distéirb]

V.To d is tu r b someone means to upset that person.

e s tim a te [éstamèit]

V.To e s t im a t e something means to make a guess about it.

h o n o r [oner]

V.To h o n o r is to show respect for someone or something.

im p re s s [imprés]

V.To im p r e s s someone means to make that person proud or amazed.

n a r r o w [nærou]

adj. A n a r r o w object or space is thin, not wide.

p a le [peii]

adj. P a le means that a color or thing is not bright.

□ ro u g h [rAf]

adj. A r o u g h thing is not even or smooth.

The r o u g h ground hurt my feet.

s a tis fy [sætisfài]

V.To s a tis fy someone means to make that person happy.

s c r e a m [skrirm]

V.To s c r e a m means to make a loud noise with your mouth.

s e n s itiv e [sénsativ]

adj. A s e n s i tiv e person or thing is easily hurt.

s h a d e [feid]

n. S h a d e is a dark area that something makes when it blocks the sun.

s tr e n g th [strenkQ]

n. S tr e n g th is the ability to do hard work or exercise.

s u p p le m e n t [sÀplamant]

V.To s u p p le m e n t something is to add something else to it in a good way.

He s u p p le m e n ts his diet with fresh fruits.

te r r o r [téra:r]

n. T e r r o r is a feeling of very strong fear.

t h r e a t [eret]

n. A t h r e a t is something bad that might happen.

v ic tim [viktim]

n. A v ic tim is a person who is hurt by a bad action.

C ir c le t h e w o r d t h a t fi ts t h e d e f i n i t i o n

o make a quessl

not having much color

to make ha

the ability to do hard work

a bad endin

Q W r i t e t h e w o r d t h a t b e s t f its e a c h s e n t e n c e

1 terror / threat

2 consequence I confidence

3 disaster I victim

4 disturb I satisfy

5 sensitive I rough

28

a Eating rotten eggs s a t i s f i e s me.

b The signal was increasing in s t r e n g t h

a I have c o n f i d e n c e that I can win the race

b It was a d i s a s t e r when the students did well on the test

a Some people s c r e a m when they watch a scary movie

b The n a r r o w river was very wide

a A heart is inside a person’s c h e s t

b My mother made a t h r e a t of giving me ice cream

a The c o n s e q u e n c e of stealing is being punished

b If you win a prize, then you are a v i c t i m

a The boy wore pants on his c h e s t

b She s u p p l e m e n t e d her salary by working part-tim e on Saturdays

a The bully made several t h r e a t s to scare his classmates

b Watching TV all day will increase your s t r e n g t h

a When the girl did not know what to do, she had c o n f i d e n c e

b The town was a d i s a s t e r after the hurricane struck

9. a You should always s c r e a m in the library

b The v i c t i m was badly hurt

10. a It was hard to stay on the n a r r o w path

b The rain was a c o n s e q u e n c e of the flooding

29

hooves - the feet of animals like deer and horses

A deer told himself every day, "I am the most handsome deer in the forest My large

chest shows my power And my beautiful horns impress other animals."

But he did not like his legs and hooves* "My legs are narrow, and my hooves are ugly They do not satisfy me."

One day, the deer saw a big dog The deer made some noise and disturbed the dog The dog woke up and ran after him The deer felt terror He screamed He did not

w ant to be a victim, so he ran into the forest His strong legs helped him run fast His

pale brown hooves were hard, so they were not sensitive to the rough rocks However, his horns got caught in branches and slowed him down His large chest could not fit between the thick trees.

The deer estimated that he ran for an hour He felt like he was running to the limit

of his strength In the end, the deer escaped the threat of the dog He sat in the shade

of a tree "That was almost a disaster! I almost did not escape because of my chest and horns My legs and hooves saved me." As a consequence, the deer learned to honor

his fast legs and have confidence in his strong hooves "Pretty things only supplem ent

important things," he thought.

is Imaae

READING COMPREHENSION

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s

1 What is this story about?

a Why a chest shows power

b How a deer becomes a victim

c Why deer have confidence in their horns

d How a deer learned to honor useful things

a He felt great terror

b He was not sensitive

c He knew he had plenty of strength left

d His legs were narrow

3 What can we infer from the end of the story?

a The deer impressed the animals with his long run

b The deer was a victim of disaster

c The deer’s legs and hooves satisfied him

d The deer went back to disturb the dog again

4 According to the passage, all the following are true EXCEPT

a the deer’s hooves were pale

b the deer sat in the shade of a tree

c the deer experienced a bad consequence

d the rough rocks decorated the forest

5 What happened to the deer’s horns when he ran away?

WORD LIST

□ a n c e s t o r [ænsester]

n. An a n c e s t o r is a family member from the past.

My a n c e s to r s came from Germany.

a n g le [ængl]

n. An a n g le is the direction from which something is looked at.

b o o t [bu:t]

n. A b o o t is a heavy shoe that goes up above a person’s ankle.

b o r d e r [boirder]

n. A b o r d e r is the edge of an area.

c o n g r a t u la te [kengrætfulèit]

V.To c o n g r a t u la t e someone is to tell them that you are happy for them.

f r a m e [freim]

n. A f r a m e is a border for a picture or mirror.

h e a v e n [hévan]

n. H e a v e n is the place that some believe people go to after they die.

When I die, I hope that I go to h e a v e n

in c r e d ib le [inkrédabl]

adj. An in c r e d ib le thing is so amazing that it is hard to believe.

le g e n d [lédjend]

n. A le g e n d is a story from the past.

p r a is e [preiz]

V.To p r a is e is to show that you like someone or something.

p r o c e e d [prasild]

V.To p r o c e e d is to go somewhere or to continue doing something.

p u re [pjuar]

adj. A p u r e thing is very clear and beautiful.

r e la tiv e [rélativ]

n. A r e l a t i v e is a family member.

My r e la t iv e s came by to see the new baby.

s e n io r [Si njar]

adj. A s e n i o r person is older or more experienced.

s ile n t [sáilant]

adj. A s i l e n t person or thing makes no sound.

s in k [sink]

14 To s i n k into something is to slowly fall into it.

s u p e r io r [sapiariar]

adj. A s u p e r i o r person or thing is better than another.

s u r r o u n d [saráund]

V.To s u r r o u n d something is to close in on it from all sides.

We s u r r o u n d e d the suspect on all four sides.

th ic k [Gik]

adj. A t h i c k thing is wide and solid.

w r a p [ræp]

14 To w r a p is to cover something on all sides.

I w r a p p e d his gift and put a bow on it.

Circle the two words in each group that are most closely related.

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

1 Josh couldn’t see anything from that direction from which he was looking

I want people to remember this forever I was the senior explorer in my group, and

I knew we needed something to show others about our climb I took many pictures with

my camera I'll put them in a frame and hang them on the wall of my house

On the mountain, the air was very cold I wrapped my coat around my body

I looked over the side of the mountaintop From that angle, I saw the border of theclouds touch the rocks below The snow was thick It looked pure There was no sign ofmodern life Thousands of years ago, my ancestors saw the world this way

After fifteen minutes, I knew it was timeto proceed down the mountain The wholeteam congratulated each other My superior, John Hunt, praised US all I sent messages

to my relatives to tell them that I was safe But it was hard to leave the mountain soquickly I wanted to enjoy the incredible sight even longer

READING COMPREHENSION

Answer the questions.

1 What is this story about?

a Edmund Hillary’s incredible experience

b The lives of Edmund Hillary’s ancestors

c The legend of Mt Everest

d How to use a camera when surrounded by snow

What did Hillary see over the mountaintop?

a The sun in the east

b His boots on the rocks below

c His picture in a frame

d The border of the clouds touching the rocks

a silent

b thick

c incredible

d senior

Hillary was happy to do all of the following EXCEPT

a proceed down the mountain

b get praise from his superior

c hear his team congratulate him

d send messages to his relatives

According to the passage, the air at the top of the mountain was

Why did Hillary wrap his coat tightly around himself?

37

WORD LIST

a ls o [oilsou]

adv. A ls o means in addition to or too.

I like blue, and I a ls o like yellow.

a u to m a t ic a lly [oitemsetikali]

adv. If an action happens a u to m a t ic a lly , it happens without thinking or planning.

b u s y [bizi]

adj. A b u s y person has a lot of things to do.

c a n [ken]

c le a r [kiier]

V.To c l e a r is to remove everything from a place.

c lo s e [klouz]

V.To c lo s e is to shut something or cover up an opening.

d is c u s s [diskAs]

V.To d is c u s s is to talk about something with another person.

fe e l [fill]

V.To f e e l is to experience an emotion or feeling.

lis te n [lisn]

V.To lis te n is to pay attention to a sound that you can hear.

m e e t [mi t]

V.To m e e t is to come together so that you can talk or do something together.

m u s ic [mjùizik]

n. M u s ic is the sound made by singing or playing musical instruments.

n o r m a l [noirmel]

adj. A n o r m a l thing is usual and not strange.

q u ie t [kwaiat]

adj. If something is q u ie t, it does not make much sound.

r e la x [rilæks]

V.To r e la x is to rest or do something enjoyable.

s le e p [sii:p]

V.To s le e p is to rest your mind and body, usually at night in bed.

s tr e s s [stres]

n. S tr e s s is a strong feeling of worry caused by problems in life, work, etc.

s tu d y [stAdi]

V.To s tu d y is to learn something by reading, memorizing, or going to school.

t a lk [to:k]

V.To t a l k is to say words to express your thoughts, opinions, etc.

w o r k [wa:rk]

V.To w o r k is to do a job that you get paid for.

Circle the two words in each group that are most closely related.

n Circle the word that is opposite in meaning to the given word.