speaker /’spri:kә/ stay /stei/ scan /skæn/ biosphere /baiә’sfiә/ smell /smel/ sneaky /’sni:ki/ swan /swɔn/ superably /’sjʊpәreibli/ please /pli:s/ produce /prә’djʊs/ purify /’pjʊrәfai/ t[r]
Trang 1CHUYÊN Đ I – PHONETICS - CHUYÊN Đ V NG ÂM Ề Ề Ề Ữ BÀI 1 PHONETIC SYMBOLS - B NG PHIÊN ÂM QU C T Ả Ố Ế
1 The symbols vowel sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên âm):ệ ủ
1.1 The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên âm đ n):ệ ủ ơ
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hi u)ệ
In letters
(Ch cái ữ thể
hi n)ệ
Examples in words
(Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ
/ І /
or
/ i /
a village /’vilid /ʒ package /’pækid /ʒ assemblage / ’semblid /ә ʒ
e pretty /’priti/ represent deliver /di’liv (r)/ә
y happy /’hæpi/ easy /’i:zi/ usually /’ju: li/ʊ
/ i: / ea lead /li:d/ seaside /’si:said/ meaningful /’mi:niŋf l/ʊ
/ e / a e many /’meni/ send /send/ any/eni/ recommend manifold /’menif comprehend /k mpri’hend/әәʊld/
a wash /w /ɔʃ what /w t /ɔ watch /w t /ɔ ʃ
/ : ɔ /
a talk /t :k/ɔ walk /w :k/ɔ water /’w :t (r)/ɔ ә
oa broad /br :d/ɔ broaden/’br :dn/ɔ abroad / ’br :d/ә ɔ
oo door /d :(r)/ɔ floor /fl :(r)/ɔ floorage /’fl :rid /ɔ ʒ
or fork /f :k/ɔ sport /sp :t/ɔ transport /’trænsp :t/ɔ
ou fought /f :t/ɔ thought / :t/θɔ bought /b :t/ɔ / / o u some /sm/ shut /ʃt/ come /km/ muddy /’mdi/ done /dn/ budget /’bd it/ʒ
/ : ɑ / ar a task /ta:sk/ card /ka:d/ fast /fa:stk/ retard /ri’ta:d/ broadcast /br :d’ka:st/ farther /’fa: r/әɔ
ear heart /ha:t/ hearten /’ha:t n/ә hearth /ha: /θ
/ ʊ /
or
/ u /
u pull /p l/ʊ push /p /ʊʃ pullet /’p let/ʊ
ou could /k ld/ʊ would /w ld/ʊ should / ld/ʃʊ
/ u: / oe u frugal /’fru:g l/ shoe / u: /ʃ ә conclude /k n’klu:d/ shoebill /’ u:bil/ʃ ɔ illusion /i’lu: n/ shoemaker /’ u:meik r/ʃʃ ә
ui fruit /fru:t/ cruise /kru:s/ recruit /ri’kru:t/
/ ә / o a await / ’weit/ tonight /t ’nait/ә ә about / ’baut/ potato /p ’teit u/әә ә machine /m ’ i:n/ tomorrow /t ’m rә ʃә ɔ әʊ/
er reader /’ri:d r/ә writer /’rait r/ә cruiser /’kru:s r/ә
or actor /’ækt r/ә doctor /’d kt r/ɔ ә translator /’trænsleit r/ә
/ : з / er prefer /pri’f : r/з merchant /’m :t nt/ з ʃә merciful /’m :sif l/з ʊ
ir shirt / :t/ʃз skirt /sk :t/з first /f :st/з
ur hurt /h :t/з further /’ :ʃз /ә furnish /’ :ni /ʃз ʃ
Trang 2ear heard /h :d/з earth / : /з θ earthen /’ :з θәn/
1 2 The diphthongs and triphthongs (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên đôi, ba):ệ ủ
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hi u)ệ
In letters
(Ch cái ữ thể
hi n)ệ
Examples in words
(Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ
/ ei / ai a case /keis/ maid /meid/ baby /beibi/ maiden /’meidn/ lazy /leizi/ maidenly /’meidnli/
ei eight /eit/ eighthly /’ei li/θ eiranic /ei’rænik/
/ i / ɔ oi soil /s il/ɔ coin /k in/ɔ spoil /sp il/ɔ
oy employ /im’pl i/ɔ enjoy /ii’d i/ʒɔ employment /im’pl imnt/ɔ
/ a / ʊ ou mouse /ma s/ʊ mouth /maʊθ/ surround /s :’ra nd/з ʊ
ow now /na /ʊ power /’pa r/ʊ ә cowboy /’ka b i/ʊ ɔ
/ әʊ / ow o cold /k slow /slәʊәʊld// scold /sk flow /flәʊәʊ/ld/ fold /f show /әʊʃәʊld//
ew sew /sәʊ/ sewing /sәʊiŋ/ sewn /sәʊn/
/ i / ә ear hear /hi (r)/ә fear /fi (r)/ә near /ni (r)/ә
ere here /hi (r)/ә merely /’mi li/ә atmosphere /’ætm sfi (r)ɔ ә
/
/ e / ә
ere there /e (r)/ә therapy /’ e r pi/θ ә ә thereabout /’e r ba t/ә ә ʊ
are fare /fe (r)/ә share / e (r)/ʃ ә stare /ste (r)/ә
air hair /he (r)/ә fair /fe (r)/ә stairs /ste (r)s/ә
/ ʊә / our tour /tʊә(r)/ tourer /tʊә әr / tourism /’tʊәrizm/
/ ai / ә yre ire tire /tai / tyre /tai /әә fire /fai / tyreles /’tai lis/ә ә firemen /’fai men/ tyre-pump /’tai pә ә mp /
yer buyer /bai /ә flyer /flai /ә buyer /bai /ә
/ әʊә / ower slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/
/ a ʊә / ower shower / aʃ ʊә/ power /paʊә/ flower /flaʊә/
our flour /flaʊә/ sour /saʊә/ flour /flaʊә/
/ ei / ә ayer prayer /prei /ә player /plei /ә sprayer /sprei /ә
eyer greyer /grei /ә greyer /grei /ә greyer /grei /ә
/ i / ɔ ә oyer enjoyer /in’d i /ʒɔ ә enjoyer /in’d i /ʒɔ ә employer /im’pl i /ɔ ә
oyal loyal /’l i l/ɔ ә loyalty /’l i lti/ɔ ә loyal /’l i l/ɔ ә
2 The symbols of the consonant sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm):ệ ủ ụ
2.1 The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm vô thanh):ệ ủ ụ
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hi u)ệ
In letters
(Ch cái ữ thể
hi n)ệ
Examples in words
(Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ
/ f / ph f five /faiv/ physics /’fiziks/ formal /’f :m l/ physician /fi’zi n/ɔ әʃ family /’fæmili/ physical /fi’zik l/ә
/ / th throw / rθ әʊ/ thunder /’θnd (r)/ә sixth /siks /θ
Trang 3/ t / t teach /ti:t /ʃ temple /’temp l/ә tittle /’tait l/ә
ed looked /l kt/ʊ laughed /la:ft/ stopped /st pt/ɔ
/ s / s site /sait/ sandy /’sændi/ sample /’sæmp l/ә
c centre /’sent /ә century /’sent ri/ʃʊ cell /sel/
/ / ʃ
sh sheep / i:p/ʃ sheet / i:t/ʃ English /’iŋli /ʃ
s sugar /’ g /ʃʊ ә sugary /’ g ri/ʃʊ ә sure /’ʃʊә(r)/
/ t∫ / ch choice /t is/ʃɔ church /t :t /ʃз ʃ chimney /’t imni/ʃ
t fixture /'fikst∫ /ә future / 'fju:t∫ /ә question / 'kwest∫n/
c concert
/k n’s :t/ɔ з
cancel /’kæns l/ә comedy /’kmedi/
ch chemist /’kemist/ chemistry /’kemistri/ chemical /’kemik l/ә
q quite /kwait/ question / 'kwest∫n/ conquest /’k ŋkwest/ɔ
/ h / h hike /haik/ hunger /’hŋg (r)/ә homeless /’hәʊmlis/
wh whoop /hu:p/ whose /hu:z/ wholesale /’hɔʊlseil/
2.2 The symbols of voiced consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm h u thanh):ệ ủ ụ ữ
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hi u)ệ
In letters
(Ch cái ữ thể
hi n)ệ
Examples in words
(Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ
/ v / v visit /vizit/ van /væn/ victory /vlkt ri/ә
/ d / d done /dn/ doctor /’d kt (r)/ɔ ә dancer /dæns (r)/ә
ed lived /livd/ earned / :nd/з cancelled /’kæns ld/ә
/ z / z zebra /zi:br /ә zip /zip/ zealot /’zel t/ә
s visit /’vizit/ visual /’vizjʊәl/ teachers /ti:t z/ʃә
/ / ʒ s vision /’vi n/ʒ usual /’jʊʒʊәl/ usually /’jʊʒʊәli/
/ d / ʒ g germ /d :m/ʒз gene /d i:n/ʒ age /eid /ʒ
j jam /d æm/ʒ jam /d æz/ʒ joyful /d if l/ʒɔ ʊ
/ l / l little /’lit l/ә lamp /læmp/ light /lait/
/ m / m monk /m ŋk/ɔ mammal /’mæm l/ә Monday /’mndei/
/ n / n name /neim/ number /nmb /ә noise /n is/ɔ
/ ŋ / n think / iŋk/θ thank / æŋk/θ sink /siŋk/
/ r / r rural /’rʊә әr l/ ring /riŋ/ reader /’ri:d /ә
wh when /wen/ whistle /’wis l/ә whisper /’wisp /ә
/ j / y young /jŋ/ yearly /’ji li/ә youth /ju: /θ
u music /’mju:sik/ unit /’ju:nit/ university /ju:ni’v :siti/з
/ / ф
mute
cases
h honest /’ :nist/ɔ hour /aʊә/ heir /ai /ә
k knight /nait/ knit /nit/ known /nɔʊn/
p pneumonia
/nj ’m :ni /ʊ ɔ ә
psychology
/sai’k :l d i/ɔ ɔ ʒ
psychiatrist
/sai’ki trist/ә
Trang 42.3 The clusters of consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các chùm ph âm):ệ ủ ụ
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hi u)ệ
In letters
(Ch cái ữ
th hi n)ể ệ
Examples in words
(Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ
/ s+ /
/ sp / speak /spi:k/ spoil /sp il/ɔ speaker /’spri:k /ә
/ st / start /sta:t/ stand /stænd/ stay /stei/
/ sk / school /sk l/ʊ skill /skil/ scan /skæn/
/ sf / sphere /sfi /ә spheral /sfi r l/ә ә biosphere /bai ’sfi /ә ә
/ sm / small /sm l/ɔ smash /smæ /ʃ smell /smel/
/ sn / snow /snәʊ/ sneeze /sni:z/ sneaky /’sni:ki/
/ sw / sweet /swi:t/ swim /swim/ swan /sw n/ɔ
/ sj / super /sj p /ʊ ә superadd /’sj p ræd/ʊ ә superably /’sj p reibli/ʊ ә
/ p+ / / pr / / pl / plump /plmp/ proud /pra d/ʊ apply / ’plai/ propose /’pr pә ɔ әʊs/ please /pli:s/ produce /pr ’dj s/ә ʊ
/ pj / pure /pjʊә/ purely /’pjʊәli/ purify /’pj r fai/ʊ ә
/ t+ /
/ tr / train /trein/ treat /tri:t/ treatment /tri:tm nt/ә
/ tw / twice /twais/ twerp /tw :p/з twicer /’twais /ә
/ tj / t u be /tj b/ʊ t u bal /’tj :b l/ʊ ә t u ber /’tj :b /ʊ ә
/ k+ / / kr / / kl / class /kla:s/ cream /kri:m/ clean /kli:ns/ cry /krai/ clame /kleim/ creative /kri:’eitiv/
/ kw / quite /kwait/ quit /kwit/ quest /kwest/
/ kj / cure /kjʊә/ cute /kj t/ʊ cutely /kj tli/ʊ
/ b+ / / br / / bl / blow /bl bring /briŋ/әʊ/ blame /bleim/ bride /braid/ bleach /bli:t / bridge /brid /ʃʒ
/ bj / beauty /’bj ti/ʊ beautify /’bj tifai/ʊ beautiful /’bj tif l/ʊ ʊ
/ g+ / / gl / glass /gla:s/ glim /glim/ glance /gla:ns/
/ gr / grow /grәʊ/ great /greit/ groom /gru:m/
/ d+ / / dw / / dr / dream /dri:m/ dwell /dwel/ dread /dred / dweller /dwel /ә dreadful /’dredf l/ dwelt /dwel/ ʊ
/ dj / duty /dj ti/ʊ dutiful /dj tif l/ʊ ʊ dutifully /dj tif li/ʊ ʊ
/ f+ / / fr / / fl / flow /fl fry /frai/әʊ/ fly /flai/ fright /frait/ flame /fleim/ fridge /frid /ʒ
/ fj / furious /’fj ri s/ʊ ә few /fj /ʊ furiously /’fj ri sli/ʊ ә
/ + / / r / throw / rθ әʊ/ through / ru:/θ threat / ret/θ
/ w / t hw art /wæt/ t hw ack /wæk/ t hw ack /wæk/
Các k t ế
h p khác ợ
/ vj / view /vj /ʊ interview /’int vj /ә ʊ preview /pri’vj /ʊ
/ mj / mute /mj t/ʊ mutual /mj tʊ ʊәl/ music /mj zik/ʊ
/ ∫r / shrimp /∫rimp/ shriek /∫ri:k/ shrill /∫ril/
/ nj / nude /nj d/ʊ nudist /’nj dist/ʊ nudism /’nj dizm/ʊ
/ spr / spread /spred/ sprawl /spr :l/ɔ spray /sprei/
/ spl / splash /splæ /ʃ splat /splæt/ splashy /splæ i/ʃ
/ skr / scream /scri:m/ scree /scri: / screen /scri:n/
/ str / stream /stri:m/ strawy /str :i/ɔ streak /stri:k/
/ skj / scuba /’skj b /ʊ ә scuba /’skj b /ʊ ә scuba /’skj b /ʊ ә
Trang 5/ stj / student /’stj dnt/ʊ stupid /’stj pid/ʊ studio /’stj diʊ әʊ/
/ spj / spume /spj :m/ʊ spue /spj :/ʊ spumous /spj :m s/ʊ ә
/ skw / square /skwe /ә squarer /’skwe r /ә ә squander /’skw d /ɔ ә
BÀI T P TH C HÀNHẬ Ự
Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
Trang 62 A idiom B ideal C item D identical
Exercise 3: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
Trang 77 A dear B beard C beer D heard
Exercise 4: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
Trang 811 A bush B rush C pull D lunar
12 A bought B sought C drought D fought