Tài liệu tham khảo môn tiếng Anh với chuyên đề: Reported speech - Lời nói gián tiếp dành cho các bạn học sinh và quý thầy cô nhằm phục vụ cho công tác giảng dạy, học tập và ôn thi Đại học. Mời quý thầy cô và các bạn tham khảo để củng cố kiến thức và trau dồi kinh nghiệm.
Trang 1(L I NÓI GIÁNỜ TI P)Ế
1. L i nói tr c ti p (Direct speech)ờ ự ế
L i nói tr c ti p là chính nh ng t do ngờ ự ế ữ ừ ười nói dung đượ ặ ạc l p l i nguyên v n, đẹ ược đ tặ trong d u ngo c kép.ấ ặ
L i nói tr c ti p đờ ự ế ược vi t nh sau:ế ư
Dùng d u ph y ho c d u hai ch m sau ch ng và đ ng t tấ ẩ ặ ấ ấ ủ ữ ộ ừ ường thu t.ậ
Vi t hoa t đ u tiên c a l i nói tr c ti p và đ t d u ch m cu i cùng c a l i trích trongế ừ ầ ủ ờ ự ế ặ ấ ấ ố ủ ờ
d u ngo c kép.ấ ặ
Khi l i nói tr c ti p đờ ự ế ược đ t trặ ước ch ng và đ ng t tủ ữ ộ ừ ường thu t thì ta dung d u ph yậ ấ ẩ
cu i l i nói tr c ti p thay cho d u ch m cu i câu
Khi l i trích d n là câu h i thì d u h i đờ ẫ ỏ ấ ỏ ược đ t cu i l i trích d n, bên trong d u ngo cặ ở ố ờ ẫ ấ ặ kép
Khi l i trích d n là câu c m thán thì d u ch m than đ t cu i câu, bên trong d u ngo cờ ẫ ả ấ ấ ặ ở ố ấ ặ kép
VD:
He said, “I am married.” (Anh y đã nói: “Tôi k t hôn.”)ấ ế
“Be careful!”, he said. (“Hãy c n th n!”, anh y đã nói.)ẩ ậ ấ
CHÚ Ý:
N u ch ng c a đ ng t tế ủ ữ ủ ộ ừ ường thu t là m t danh t thì ch ng có th đ ng trậ ộ ừ ủ ữ ể ứ ước ho cặ
đ ng sau đ ng t khi chúng đứ ộ ừ ược đ t gi a ho c cu i câu.ặ ở ữ ặ ố
“I’m afraid not”, the man relied./relied the man
N u ch ng c a đ ng t tế ủ ữ ủ ộ ừ ường thu t là m t đ i t thì ch ng luôn đ ng trậ ộ ạ ừ ủ ữ ứ ước đ ng t ộ ừ VD:
“Nice to meet you”, he said
2. L i nói gián ti p (Indrect speech)ờ ế
L i nói gián ti p (l i nói tờ ế ờ ường thu t – reported speech) là cách nói mà ta dùng đ tậ ể ườ ng thu t hay k l i cho ai đó nghe nh ng gì ngậ ể ạ ữ ười khác nói ho c đang nói.ặ
VD:
He said he was married. (Anh y đã nói anh y đã k t hôn.)ấ ấ ế
2. L i nói gián ti p (indirect/ reported speech) là l i tờ ế ờ ường thu t l i ý c a ngậ ạ ủ ười nói
L i nói gián ti p (l i nói tờ ế ờ ường thu t – reported speech) là cách nói mà ta dùng đ tậ ể ườ ng thu t hay k l i cho ai đó nghe nh ng gì ngậ ể ạ ữ ười khác nói ho c đang nói.ặ
Trang 2He said he was married. (Anh y đã nói anh y đã k t hôn.)ấ ấ ế
N u đ ng t c a m nh đ chính thì simple present (say), present perfect (have/ hasế ộ ừ ủ ệ ề ở said) ho c simple future (will say) thì trong l i trích d n ta ch đ i đ i t (pronouns) vàặ ờ ẫ ỉ ổ ạ ừ chia đ ng t cho thích h p v i đ i t đó.ộ ừ ợ ớ ạ ừ
Ex: The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow.”
fi The farmer says that he hopes it will rain
tomorrow. She has said, “I’m tired now.”
fi She has said that she is tired now
N u đ ng t trong m nh đ chính thì simple past (said) thì trong l i trích d n taế ộ ừ ệ ề ở ờ ẫ
ph i đ i thì, đ i t và m t s t ho c c m t ch th i gian, n i ch n.ả ổ ạ ừ ộ ố ừ ặ ụ ừ ỉ ờ ơ ố
Khi chuy n t l i nói tr c ti p sang l i nói gián ti p, ta c n l u ý đ n m t s
thay đ i sau:ổ
1.Thay đ i thì đ ng t (changes in tenses ofổ ộ ừ verbs)
Tr cự
ti pế
Gián
ti pế
Ví
dụ
He said he felt sick
Present Continuous Past Continuous “I’m writing a letter.”
He said he was writing a letter
He said he had arrived at 5p.m
Present Perfect Past Perfect “I have seen that film.”
He said he had seen that film Past Continuous/ Past Perfect Cont “I was living in Viene then”
Vien then
Simple Future Future in the Past “I shall go to Japan in July.”
He said he would go to Japan
in July
Ta có th dùng thì ể simple present thay vì simple past trong l i nói gián ti p khi di n tờ ế ễ ả
m t thói quen hay m t chân lý.ộ ộ
Ex: “I work late every evening.” fi He said he works/ worked late every
evening. “The sun rises in the East.” fi The teacher said the sun rises/
Trang 3 Đ i v i các đ ng t khi m khuy t (modal verbs) không có d ng quá kh , ta có thố ớ ộ ừ ế ế ạ ứ ể
mượn các đ ng tộ ừ
có cùng nghĩa
must fi had to/ would have to
must not fi was/ were not to
can fi could/ be able to
will/ shall fi would/ should/ be going to
2.Thay đ i tính t và tr ng t (changes in adjectives andổ ừ ạ ừ adverbs)
dụ
Those There Then That day The day before The previous day The day after
The following day Before
“I need this book.”
He said he needed that book “I’ll take these with me.”
He said he would take those with him “I’ll return here at 3 o’clock.”
He said he would return there “I’m going now.”
He said he was going then. “I’ll do it today”
He said he would do it that day “I was in Hue yesterday”
He said he had been in Hue the day before. “We’ll wait until tomorrow.”
These
Here
Now
Today
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Ago
Next week
Trang 4The following week
They said they would wait until the day after. “I was in Dalat three weeks ago.”
He said he had been in Dalat three weeks before. “I’ll come to see her next week.”
He said he would come to see her the week after
■ Cách đ i câu tr c ti p sang câu giánổ ự ế ti pế
I Câu m nh l nh và câu yêu c u (orders andệ ệ ầ requests)
Câu m nh l nh, yêu c u, đ ngh đệ ệ ầ ề ị ược đ i t tr c ti p sang gián ti p thổ ừ ự ế ế ường đượ c
m đ u b ng nh ng đ ng t nh : ở ầ ằ ữ ộ ừ ư order; command, tell, ask, request, và theo sau là tân
ng tr c ti p ch ngữ ự ế ỉ ười nh n l nh + đ ng t nguyên m u (object + toinfinitive).ậ ệ ộ ừ ẫ
Ex: “Hurry up, Lan.” fi He told Lan to hurry up
“Shut the door.” fi He ordered them to shut the door
“Don’t leave the room.” fi He ordered them not to leave
the room. “Please don’t tell anybody what happened.”
fi She ask me not to tell anybody what (had) happened
II.Câu h iỏ (questions)
Có hai lo i câu h i: Câu h i Yes No và câu h i Whạ ỏ ỏ ỏ
1.Câu h i Yes No (Yes Noỏ questions)
Trong l i nói gián ti p lo i câu h i này đờ ế ạ ỏ ược m đ u b ng các đ ng t ở ầ ằ ộ ừ ask, inquire,
wonder; want to know,
Dùng if ho c ặ whether ngay sau đ ng t gi i thi u c a m nh độ ừ ớ ệ ủ ệ ề chính
Đ i tr t t câu h i thành câu tr n thu t và đ i các đ i t , tính t , thì c a đ ngổ ậ ự ỏ ầ ậ ổ ạ ừ ừ ủ ộ t , ừ Ex: “Have you seen that film?” fi He asked if/ whether she had seen that film
“Will Tom be here tomorrow?” fi She wondered if/ whether Tom would be there the day after
2.Câu h i Wh (WH – Questions: ỏ m đ u b ng các nghi v n t nh ở ầ ằ ấ ừ ư who, what, where,
when, )
Trong l i nói gián ti p lo i câu h i này đờ ế ạ ỏ ược m đ u b ng các đ ng t ở ầ ằ ộ ừ ask,
require, wonder, want to know,
L p l i t đ h i (ặ ạ ừ ể ỏ what, when, where,. ) sau đ ng t gi iộ ừ ớ thi u.ệ
Đ i tr t t câu h i thành câu tr n thu t và đ i các đ i t , tính t , thì c a đ ngổ ậ ự ỏ ầ ậ ổ ạ ừ ừ ủ ộ t , ừ Ex: “What time does the film begin?”
fi He wanted to know what time the film
Trang 5her passport?”
fi He wondered what would happen if she could not find her passport
L u ý:ư
Trong trường h p câu tr c ti p có c câu tr n thu t l n câu h i thì khi đ i sang câuợ ự ế ả ầ ậ ẫ ỏ ổ gián ti p, ph nế ầ nào
v n c đ i theo ph n y.ẫ ứ ổ ầ ấ
Ex: “I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time?”
fi He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time III.Câu c m thánả (exclamations)
Câu c m thán thả ường được thu t l i b ng đ ng t ậ ạ ằ ộ ừ exclaim/ say that.
Ex: “What a lovely garden they have!”
fi He exclaimed/ said that what a lovely garden
they had. “How hot it is!”fi He exclaimed/ said
that how hot it was
IV.Câu tr n thu t (statements)ầ ậ
Câu tr n thu t đầ ậ ược đ i t tr c ti p sang gián ti p thổ ừ ự ế ế ường được m đ u b ng cácở ầ ằ
đ ng t ộ ừ say, tell,
to say (that) to say to somebody to tell somebody
Đ i các đ i t nhân x ng, tính t ho c đ i t s h u sao cho tổ ạ ừ ư ừ ặ ạ ừ ở ữ ương ng v i chứ ớ ủ
ng ho c tân ng m nh đữ ặ ữ ệ ề chính
Đ i thì c a đ ng t thành thì quá kh tổ ủ ộ ừ ứ ươ ng.ngứ
Đ i m t s tính t ch đ nh và tr ng t ho c c m tr ng t ch th i gian, n iổ ộ ố ừ ỉ ị ạ ừ ặ ụ ạ ừ ỉ ờ ơ ch nố Ex: “I saw her yesterday”
fi He said he had seen her the day before/ the previous day
♦ Trường h p đ c bi t (Special cases)ợ ặ ệ
Khi đ i t câu nói tr c ti p sang gián ti p, ta không đ i thì trong m nh đ ph cácổ ừ ự ế ế ổ ệ ề ụ ở
trường h p sau dùợ
m nh đ chính thì quá kh ệ ề ở ứ
1.Đ ng t trong câu nói tr c ti p có th i gian xácộ ừ ự ế ờ đ nh.ị
Ex: He said, “I was born in 1980”. fi He said that he was born in 1980
2.Câu đi u ki n lo i 2,ề ệ ạ 3
Ex: He said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here.”
fi He said if he were me he wouldn’t come there
3.Quá kh gi đ nh (trong wishclause, as if,.ứ ả ị )
Trang 6fi Mary said that she wished she were a boy
4.Trong l i nói tr c ti p có: ờ ự ế could would, should, might, used to, ought to, would rather, had better,
Ex: Tom said to me, “You had better not contact her”
fi Tome said to me I had better not contact her
5.L i nói tr c ti p di n t m t chân lý ho c m t tình hu ng khôngờ ự ế ễ ả ộ ặ ộ ố đ iổ
Ex: My teacher said, “The sun rises in the East”
fi My teacher said the sun rises in the
East
EXERCISES
Put the following sentences into indirect speech
1.He said to her “You are my friend.”
2.Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
3.“Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother
4.“Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter
5.The pupils said to their teacher, “Please give us better marks.”
6.“Pull as hard as you can”, she said to me
7.“Who put salt in my coffee?”, he asked
8.My friend said, “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
9.“Have you done your homework?”, said my mother
10.I asked Bill, “What time did you go to bed last night?”
11.Paul said “I must go home now.”
12.“There’s been an accident and the road is blocked”, said the policeman
13.“We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children
14.Mary said, “My father died a year ago.”
15.“Must you go now?”, said Mr. Brown
16.“Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?”, his mother asked him
17.“It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday”, said the teacher
18.“Be modest if you are a good pupil”, said my father
19.“Shut the door but don’t lock it”, she said to us
20.Tom said, “New York is bigger than London.”
21.“Please help US,” they said to us
22.“Don’t forget to send your parents my regards”, she said to me
23.The traveller asked, “How long does it take to get to London?”
24.John said, “I have finished studying my lesson.”
25.Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John.”
26.He asked me, “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
27.“Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary
Trang 729.“I didn’t know them. Did you, Tom?” she asked
30.“Avoid the Marble Arch” said the policeman “There’s going to be a big demonstration here.”
31.“Don’t take more than two of these at once”, said the doctor, handing me a bottle of pills
32.They said to me, “Let’s go to the zoo.”
33.“I shouldn’t do that if I were you. Isn’t it very dangerous?” He said
34.“When we’ve finished this game we’ll have supper.” They said to me
35.“Have you got any shampoo, Alice. I must wash my hair.” Johny asked
36.He said to me “Listen! Can you hear someone coming?”
37.“Do as I tell you or you’ll be punished. I’ll teach you who is master in this house”, he said
38 “When you have cleaned the sitting room, will you please light the fire there? It’s rather chilly today”, my mother said to me
39.“I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend
40.The teacher asked “Which book are you taking, John?”
41.I asked the policeman “Do you know how far it is to the station?”
42.“What a dirty face you have!” Ann said to her son
43.“Don’t you know how to behave? There must be no talking in lessons”. The teacher told his pupils
44.“I wonder who is coming on the excursion tomorrow. I do hope it won’t rain.” She said
45.“Do as you are told. You are a naughty boy.” Mrs Brown said
46.“It’s a very nice evening. Why don’t we go for a walk?” Jim suggested
47.“You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter
48.Mary asked me “Can you tell me why you are so sad?”
49.Jane said to John “Who will come to the movies with me?”
50.“Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend
ĐÁP ÁN
1.He said to her she was his friend
2.Johnny said to his mother he didn’t know how to do that exercise
3.My brother advised me not to come back before one o’clock
4.Mrs. Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter
5.The pupils asked their teacher to give them better marks
6.She told me to pull as hard as I could
7.He asked who had put salt in his coffee
8.My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after
9.My mother asked me if I had done my homework
10.I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before
Trang 812.The policeman said that there had been an accident and the road was blocked
13.The children said that they were waiting for the school bus
14.Mary said that her father had died a year before
15.Mr. Brown asked me if I had to go then
16.His mother asked him whose bicycle he had borrowed the day before
17.The teacher said that it wasn’t so foggy that day as it had been the day before
18.My father told me to be modest if I was a good pupil
19.She told us to shut the door but not to lock it
20.Tom said that New York is/was bigger than London
21.They begged us to help them
22.She told me not to forget to send my parents her regards./ She reminded me to send
my parents her regards
23.The traveller asked me how long it took to get to London
24.John said that he had finished studying his lesson
25.Mary said to John she couldn’t go to the movies with him
26.He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the day before
27.Tom asked Mary if she had phoned him the day before
28.He asked me if I liked it and I said that I did
29.She said to Tom she hadn’t known them and asked him if he had known them
30 The policeman told everybody to avoid the Marble Arch because there was going to
be a big demonstration there
31.Handing me a bottle of pills, the doctor told me not to take more than two of those at once
32.They asked me to go to the zoo./ They suggested going to the zoo
33.He said that he shouldn’t do that if he were me because it was very dangerous
34.They told me when they had finished that game they would have supper
35.Johny said that she had to wash her hair and asked Alice if she had got any shampoo 36.He told me to listen and asked me if I heard someone coming
37.He asked me to do as he told me or I would be punished and said that he would teach
me who was master in that house
38.My mother said that it was rather chilly that day and asked me to light the fire there when I had cleaned the sitting room
39.Mary said to her friend she would expect to see him the following Wednesday
40.The teacher asked John which book he was taking
41.I asked the policeman if he knew how far it was to the station
42.Ann exclaimed what a dirty face her son had
43.The teacher asked his pupils whether they knew how to behave and remarked that there must be no talking in lessons
Trang 944.She wondered who was coming on the excursion the next day and hoped it wouldn’t rain
45.Mrs. Brown told him to do as he was told and complained that he was a naughty boy 46.Jim said that it was a very nice evening and suggested having a walk
47.She asked/ urged her daughter to decide what she wanted to do
48.Mary asked me if I could tell her why I was so sad./ Mary asked me to tell her why 49.Jane asked John who would come to the movies with her
50.Jane asked her friend to find out when he last wrote to her