“How does one reconcile the aesthetic sensuality of Rossetti’s poetry with her repressed, ascetic lifestyle?” Woolf won-dered.. It can be inferred from the passage that Rossetti’s “The W
Trang 1implies castigation of an economic (and
even marital) marketplace dominated by
men, whose motives are, at best, suspect
Its Christian allusions are obvious but
grounded in opulent images whose
lushness borders on the erotic From
Ros-setti’s work emerge not only emotional
force, artistic polish, frequently ironic
playfulness, and intellectual vigor but also
an intriguing, enigmatic quality “Winter:
My Secret,” for example, combines these
traits along with a very high (and
un-Vic-torian) level of poetic self-consciousness
“How does one reconcile the aesthetic
sensuality of Rossetti’s poetry with her
repressed, ascetic lifestyle?” Woolf
won-dered That Rossetti did indeed withhold a
“secret” both from those intimate with her
and from posterity is Lona Packer’s thesis
in her 1963 biography of Rossetti Packer’s
claim that Rossetti’s was a secret of the
heart has since been disproved through
the discovery of hundreds of letters by
Rossetti, which reinforce the conventional
image of her as pious, scrupulously
abstinent, and semi-reclusive Yet the
pas-sions expressed in her love poems do
expose the “secret” at the heart of both
Rossetti’s life and art: a willingness to
forego worldly pleasures in favor of an
aes-theticized Christian version of
tran-scendent fulfillment in heaven Her
sonnet “The World,” therefore, becomes
pivotal in understanding Rossetti’s
lit-erary project as a whole—her rhymes for
children, fairy tale narratives, love poems,
and devotional commentaries The world,
for Rossetti, is a fallen place Her work is
pervasively designed to force upon readers
this inescapable Christian truth The
beauty of her poetry must be seen
therefore as an artistic strategy, a means
toward a moral end
14 The passage mentions all of the
fol-lowing as qualities that emerge from Rossetti’s work EXCEPT for
(A) lush imagery (B) ironic playfulness (C) stark realism (D) unorthodox form (E) intellectual vigor
15 It can be inferred from the passage
that Rossetti’s “The World”
(A) combines several genres of
poetry in a single work
(B) was Rossetti’s last major work (C) is the most helpful expression
of Rossetti’s motives
(D) was Rossetti’s longest work (E) reflects Rossetti’s shift away
from her earlier feminist viewpoint
16 It can be inferred from the passage
that the author discusses Packer’s thesis and its flaws probably to
(A) contrast the sensuality of
Rossetti’s poetry with the relative starkness of her devotional commentary
(B) reveal the secret to which
Rossetti alludes in “Winter: My Secret”
(C) call into question the
authen-ticity of recently discovered letters written by Rossetti
(D) provide a foundation for the
author’s own theory about Rossetti’s life and work
(E) compare Woolf’s understanding
of Rossetti with a recent, more enlightened view
17 One aim of educational technology
should be to _ instruction more precisely to students’ indi-vidual needs, since vast differences
in the ways students learn are _ when they are taught the same thing
(A) adjust overlooked (B) direct reinforced (C) adapt discovered (D) design acknowledged (E) retrofit undermined
Trang 2
18 SHIP : ARMADA ::
(A) sail : wind (B) atom : molecule (C) gun : cannon (D) chemical : reaction (E) violin : viola
19 ROSTRUM : SPEECH ::
(A) office : conference (B) laboratory : invention (C) mailbox : letter (D) arena : match (E) stove : meal
20 Even detractors who warn of its
potential for abuse agree that genetic engineering, if used _, can reduce the incidence of the sort
of physical deformities that any society would want to eliminate
(A) premeditatedly (B) biologically (C) recklessly (D) discriminately (E) illicitly
21 GAINSAY:
(A) properly characterize (B) challenge without cause (C) defeat oneself
(D) argue consistently (E) speak unthinkingly
22 ACCLAIM:
(A) disbelieve (B) controvert (C) disapprove (D) betray (E) forbid
23 It is clearly in the public’s best
interest for news agencies to _
their journalist employees _
information tantamount to hearsay through independent scrutiny
(A) encourage to embellish (B) admonish to confirm (C) warn about querying (D) discourage from endorsing (E) discipline without verifying
Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following passage.
Radiative forcings are changes imposed
on the planetary energy balance; radiative feedbacks are changes induced by climate change Forcings can arise from either natural or anthropogenic causes For example, the concentration of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere can be altered
by volcanic action or by the burning of fossil fuels The distinction between forcings and feedbacks is sometimes arbi-trary; however, forcings are quantities normally specified in global climate model simulations, while feedbacks are calcu-lated quantities Examples of radiative forcings are greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and ozone), aerosols in the troposphere, and surface reflectivity Radiative feedbacks include clouds, water vapor in the troposphere, and sea-ice cover
The effects of forcings and feedbacks on climate are complex For example, clouds trap outgoing radiation, thus providing a warming influence, while also reflecting incoming solar radiation and, thereby, pro-viding a cooling influence Current mea-surements indicate that the net effect of clouds is to cool the earth However, scien-tists are unsure if the balance will shift in the future as the atmosphere and cloud formation are altered by the accumulation
of greenhouse gases Similarly, the ver-tical distribution of ozone affects both the amount of radiation reaching the earth’s surface and the amount of reradiated radiation that is trapped by the green-house effect These two mechanisms affect the earth’s temperature in opposite directions
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 524
Trang 3
24 According to the passage, radiative
forcings and radiative feedbacks can
generally be distinguished from each
other by
(A) whether the amount of
radiative change is specified or
calculated
(B) the precision with which the
amounts of radiative change
can be determined
(C) the altitude at which the
radiative change occurs
(D) whether the radiative change is
directed toward or away from
the earth
(E) whether the radiative change is
global or more localized
25 Based solely on the information in
the passage, which of the following
research methods, if implemented,
would be most likely to yield a more
accurate prediction of the extent and
direction of the greenhouse effect?
(A) Monitoring radiative feedbacks
and forcings over a longer time
period
(B) Measuring variations in cloud
density in relation to air
temperature
(C) Isolating ozone changes caused
specifically by anthropogenic
factors
(D) Accounting for the altitude at
which cloud formations appear
(E) Isolating the cooling influence
of ozone changes from their
warming influence
26 FEEL : HANDLE ::
(A) read : peruse
(B) caress : abrade
(C) laugh: giggle
(D) stimulate : grow
(E) lift : heave
27 INNOVATION : PRECEDENT ::
(A) inception : reality
(B) invention : production
(C) conservation : simplicity
(D) renovation : antiquity
(E) illusion : veracity
28 It is often said that those most firmly
committed to an idea are also most critical of it Yet, could anyone hon-estly defend this (i) _? Con-sider, for instance, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B Anthony, who in the late nineteenth century paved the way for the women’s rights move-ment through their fervent advocacy
Would it not be (ii) _ that Stanton and Anthony were at the same time highly (ii) _ of the notion that women deserve equal rights under the law?
Blank (i)
oft-touted ideology ill-conceived contrivance age-old aphorism
Blank (ii)
patently absurd to aver audacious to insist tautological to claim
Blank (iii)
suspicious enamored supportive
29 COMPLACENT:
(A) involved (B) critical (C) discontented (D) persistent (E) disagreeable
30 SODDEN:
(A) buoyant (B) laden (C) porous (D) parched (E) billowy
Trang 4
ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS
Analytical Writing
ISSUE TASK: EVALUATION AND SCORING
Evaluate your Issue task essay on a scale of 0 to 6 (6 being the highest score) according to the following five criteria:
Does your essay develop a position on the issue through the use of incisive reasons and persuasive examples?
Are your essay’s ideas conveyed clearly and articulately?
Does your essay maintain proper focus on the issue, and is it well organized? Does your essay demonstrate proficiency, fluency, and maturity in its use of sentence structure, vocabulary, and idiom?
Does your essay demonstrate command of the elements of Standard Written English, including grammar, word usage, spelling, and punctuation?
ARGUMENT TASK: EVALUATION AND SCORING
Evaluate your Argument task essay on a scale of 0 to 6 (6 being the highest score) according to the following five criteria:
Does your essay identify and articulate the argument’s key unstated assump-tions?
Does your essay explain how the argument relies on these unstated assumptions, and what the implications are if these assumptions are unwarranted?
Does your essay develop its ideas in a clear, organized manner, with appropriate transitions to help connect ideas together?
Does your essay demonstrate proficiency, fluency, and maturity in its use of sentence structure, vocabulary, and idiom?
Does your essay demonstrate command of the elements of Standard Written English, including grammar, word usage, spelling, and punctuation?
To help you evaluate your essay in terms of criteria 1 and 2, the following is a series
of questions that identify five distinct unstated assumptions upon which the
argument relies To earn a score of 4 or higher, your essay should identify and explain
at least three of these assumptions Identifying and explaining at least four of the unstated assumptions would help earn you an even higher score
• Does the argument confuse cause and effect with mere temporal (time) sequence? (Pilfering might go unnoticed by other employees, who in any event often look the other way whenever they do observe it; if so, the decline in pilfering cannot be attributed to the honor code.)
• Does the argument assume that past conditions affecting the reported incidence
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 526
Trang 5
MegaCorp employees and the overall integrity of those employees; to the extent
such conditions have changed over the five-year period, the reported decrease in
pilfering might not be attributable to the honor code.)
• Are MegaCorp employees representative of “all businesses”? (Perhaps under an
honor system, MegaCorp employees are less likely either to pilfer or to report
pilfering than the typical employee, for whatever reason.)
• Is the companywide survey on which the recommendation depends potentially
biased and therefore not credible? (The survey results are meaningful only to the
extent that the people surveyed responded honestly, which is doubtful.)
• Does the recommendation rely on a potentially unrepresentative statistical
sample? (The author fails to assure us that the survey’s respondents are
repre-sentative of all MegaCorp employees.)
• Are the survey responses a reliable indicator about the future behavior of the
respondents? (Hypothetical predictions about one’s future behavior are
inher-ently less reliable than reports of proven behavior.)
Trang 6
Quantitative Reasoning
1 B
2 C
3 B
4 A
5 D
6 C
7 E
8 A
9 C
10 A
11 B
12 C
13 B
14 E
15 C
16 D
17 12
18 A
19 B
20 D
21 B
22 E
23 D
24 C
25 A
26 A
27 D
28 D
1 The correct answer is (B) The
price of the coat described in Column
A = $300 2 (.07 3 $300) = $300 2
$21 = $279 The price of the coat described in Column B = $200 + (.4 3
$200) = $200 + $80 = $280
2 The correct answer is (C) Any
non-zero number raised to the power
of zero is 1, and so y0+ y2= 1 + 1
4 =
1.25
3 The correct answer is (B) A total
of 32 horses (20 + 12) are either black or white That leaves 28 horses
of some other color A total of 32 horses are stallions Thus, it is pos-sible that all of the stallions are
either black or white, and that none
of the stallions are some other color
(Quantity A = 0.) However, at least 4
of the stallions must be either black
or white (Quantity B = 4.)
4 The correct answer is (A) The
quilt consists of 18 squares, each measuring 1 linear unit per side The perimeter of the quilt as shown is 24
After rearranging the squares, the quilt will consist of two rows of 9 squares; the perimeter of the new quilt will be 22 (9 + 9 + 2 + 2)
5 The correct answer is (D) The
distance described in Column B is 48 miles The distance from Breezy to Cocoa could be any number of miles
direction of Cocoa from Aqua and
from Breezy Hence, Quantity A could be equal to, less than, or greater than Quantity B
6 The correct answer is (C) The
degree sum of all four angles is 360° The ratio 1:2:3:4 tells us that the smallest and largest angles together account for the same portion (1 and 4
in the ratio) of that sum as the middle two angles (2 and 3 in the ratio) Hence their sum must be exactly half of 360°, or 180° You can also solve the problem algebraically
Letting x = the degree measure of the smallest angle, x + 2x + 3x + 4x = 360; 10x = 360; x = 36 The largest angle (4x°) measures 144° The sum
of the measures of the two angles is 180° (36° + 144°)
7 The correct answer is (E) Factor
the numerator and the denominator (The numerator provides a difference
of two squares.) Simplify, then dis-tribute the resulting denominator to both terms in the numerator:
x
x x x x x
x
2
2
4 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2
−
− =
+ −
−
= +
= +
= +
( )( ) ( )
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 528
Trang 7
8 The correct answer is (A) You
multiply x (the first term) by y
obtain y (the second term), and so
y
x is the constant multiple To obtain
the third term, multiply the second
term (y) by this multiple:
x
y
x
× = 2
9 The correct answer is (C).
For any real numbers x and y,
hand simply applies this rule
10 The correct answer is (A) To
determine either quantity, work
sys-tematically, beginning with the
greatest possible integer:
Quantity A (3 ways):
7 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 10
5 + 3 + 1 + 1 = 10
3 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 10
Quantity B (2 ways):
6 + 2 + 2 = 10
4 + 4 + 2 = 10
11 The correct answer is (B).
Because the t-terms are the same
(.2t), the quickest way to solve for s
here is with the addition-subtraction
method Manipulate both equations
so that corresponding terms “line
up,” then add the two equations:
12 The correct answer is (C) During
2007, the difference was about
$1 million In 2009, the difference
was about $800,000
13 The correct answer is (B) First
determine aggregate legal and pro-duction expenses for each year shown (approximations will suffice;
all numbers here are in millions):
2006: 5.0 + 5.7 = 10.7 2007: 4.1 + 5.2 = 9.3 2008: 4.0 + 11.3 = 15.3 2009: 10.4 + 5.6 = 16.0 2010: 6.1 + 4.6 = 10.7 The aggregate amount was most nearly equal for the years 2006 and
2010 Next, determine the average annual marketing expenses for these two years (Again, approximations will suffice.) The average of $4.1m (2006 marketing expenses) and
$8.3m (2010 marketing expenses) is
$6.2m
14 The correct answer is (E) The
ratio of height to the shadow is
con-stant Thus, the ratio of b to f can be set equal to the ratio of t to x, where
x represents the length of the tree’s
shadow:
b f
t x
bx ft
x ft b
=
=
=
15 The correct answer is (C) In
either series of integers, the terms are distributed symmetrically to the left and right of zero (0) on the number line Hence, in both cases the sum of the integers is zero (0)
16 The correct answer is (D) Points
(5,22) and (23,3) are two points on
line b The slope of b is the change in
Trang 8
the y-coordinates divided by the cor-responding change in the
x-coordi-nate:
m b=3 2 ~22!
23 2 5 =
5
28or 2
5 8
17 The correct answer is 12 You
have 3 choices or roads from Abbotts-ville and Batestown and 4 choices of roads from Batestown to Cart-ersburg Hence the total number of possible routes from Abbottsville to Cartersburg (through Batestown once) is 3 3 4 = 12
18 The correct answer is (A) The leg
from home to work is slower than the return leg, and therefore the average speed going to work (Quantity B) is slower than the combined average (Quantity A)
19 The correct answer is (B) First,
Quantity A: The greatest common factor of 20, 45, and 90 is 5 As for Quantity B, 2
5 +
5
3 =
31
15, and so the sum of the three numbers given is clearly greater than 5
20 The correct answer is (D).
Quantity A = 0.5
0.25x=
1
0.5x Quantity
B = 0.5x If x happens to equal 1
0.5, then both quantities would equal 1
Otherwise, the two quantities are unequal; in fact, they’re reciprocals
(Their product is 1.) For example, if x
= 1, then Quantity A is a fraction greater than 1 by an order of more than 10, while Quantity B is a fraction less than 1 by the same order That is all you need to know to conclude that choice (D) is correct
21 The correct answer is (B) To
determine the cost of shipping a 28-pound parcel by ground, you need
to apply three different per-pound rates: $1.50 for the first pound, $.40 for pounds 2–10, and $.25 for pounds 11–28 Here’s the calculation: $1.50 + ($0.40)(9) + ($0.25)(18) = $9.60
22 The correct answer is (E) The
cost of shipping a 2.4-pound parcel
by express delivery would be $6.75 + ($1.15)(2) = $9.05 The cost of shipping the same parcel by air delivery would be $2.25 + ($0.60)(2)
= $3.45 The difference between the two totals is $5.60
23 The correct answer is (D) If P , 0
such that P + Q , 0, then Quantity
A , Quantity B On the other hand,
if P + Q 0, then Quantity A = Quantity B
24 The correct answer is (C) There’s
no need to perform any calculations here Comparing one cube-box with the other, notice that all measure-ments are proportional Hence the number of cubes that can be packed into the boxes must be the same
25 The correct answer is (A) To add
two fractions having a common denominator, you add numerators—
x+ =x x You’ll find that it’s impossible to equate 2
x with
1
2x, and so the two
quantities cannot be equal Since
x 0, you can cancel x across
columns, leaving an inequality in which Quantity A Quantity B: 2
1.
1
2.
PART VI: Five Practice Tests 530
Trang 9
26 The correct answer is (A) To solve
this problem, you can either list the
possibilities or apply the factorial
formula: 4! = 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 = 24
27 The correct answer is (D) The
area of a circle = pr2 Letting the
radius of the smaller circle = r, the
radius of the larger circle = 2r, and
its area = p(2r)2, or 4pr2 The ratio of
the smaller circle’s area to the larger
circle’s area is pr2:4pr2, or 1:4
28 The correct answer is (D) Equate
Carrie’s age in 8 years (C + 8) to twice Ben’s age in 8 years (B + 8), and then solve for C:
C B
C B
C B
+ = +
= + −
= + −
= +
8 2 8
2 8 8
2 16 8
2 8
( ) ( )
Trang 10
Verbal Reasoning
1 E
2 B
3 E
4 C
5 A
6 A
7 E
8 A
9 B
10 E
11 D
12 B
13 C
14 C
15 C
16 D
17 A
18 B
19 D
20 D
21 D
22 C
23 B
24 A
25 E
26 A
27 E
28 (i) age-old aphorism (ii) patently absurd to aver (iii) suspicious
29 C
30 D
1 The correct answer is (E) The
best choice for the two blanks must convey a clear contrast between the reactions of the two groups of board
members The words optimistic and
provide just the sort of contrast that makes sense Although choice (C) also provides a contrast, choice (C) is wrong because it makes no sense to imagine the board members being
“disturbed by the benefits” the deal would produce
2 The correct answer is (B) This is
an “evidence or result of ” analogy A BOAT creates a WAKE and leaves it behind, across the surface of the
water Similarly, a scalpel (surgeon’s knife) creates a scar and leaves it
behind, like a trail, across the surface of the skin Strengthening the analogy is that a wake is a byproduct of boating, like a scar is a byproduct of cutting with a scalpel
3 The correct answer is (E) This is
a “helpful condition for” analogy
Mulch is a soil-enriching mixture that facilitates plant growth To BURGEON is to begin to grow rapidly or to flourish Accordingly, soil that has been MULCHED is in
an ideal condition for plants to burgeon Similarly, a razor or knife
that has be honed (sharpened) is in
an ideal condition to hew (cut or
slice)
4 The correct answer is (C) This is
a “contrary meaning” analogy To be JOCULAR is to lack SOLEMNITY
To be latent is to lack visibility Thus,
in each pair, the two words are essentially antonyms (In each other pair, the two words are essentially synonyms.)
5 The correct answer is (A).
DUPLICITY means “deception by pretending” and is therefore a form
of dishonesty—the opposite of
honesty.
6 The correct answer is (A) If love
were thought of as a malady
(diffi-culty or problem) that “disables judgment” (confuses one’s brain),
then the word insanity might be an
apt description
7 The correct answer is (E).
According to the author, the “current transition to a service-based econ-omy and deregulation in transpor-tation underscor[e] the need to redefine poverty.” The refined defi-nition that the author advocates is apparent from the passage’s opening and final sentences: Poverty should
be measured not just at the indi-vidual level but also at the
com-PART VI: Five Practice Tests 532