Tài liệu Delta''''s key the toefl test part 47 doc

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W763 PRACTICE

Exercise 3.7A

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Kindergartners are quite skillful with language BY Providing a “sharing

time” gives children a natural opportunity

for talking However, many will need help

in becoming good listeners EF Some sort

of rotation scheme is usually necessary to divide talking opportunities between the talkative and silent extremes

Teachers can provide activities or experiences for less confident children to talk about, such as a field trip, a book, or a film J

e wetland type

They appear relatively dry, with only small amounts of shallow water visible

[Ej The surface material is largely sphagnum moss or other organic matter rather than mineral soil [& Bogs are usually characterized by evergreen trees and shrubs and are underlain by deep peat deposits [J Bogs will develop in former glacial lakes by the gradual accumulation

of organic matter falling from beneath a floating mat of vegetation advancing out over the water

Human bodies have been found well preserved after 2,000 years in Danish bogs Such excellent preservation is possible because most bogs are extremely acidic and low in oxygen Therefore, such

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4 added to paragraph 1

1 spongy and wet to the touch

[| Where would it best fit in the

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The following sentence can be added to the passage

Most of them like to talk, especially in front of a group

Where would it best fit in the passage? Choose ñŸ, El, &,

or

The following sentence can be

However, the ground surface is

paragraph? Choose §, Ei,

Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow

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or other organic matter rather than mineral soil Bogs are usually characterized by evergreen trees and shrubs and are underlain by deep peat deposits Bogs will develop in former glacial lakes by the gradual accumulation of organic matter falling from beneath a floating mat of vegetation advancing out over the water

> Human bodies have been found

well preserved after 2,000 years in Danish bogs EY Such excellent preservation is possible because most bogs are extremely acidic and low in oxygen Fj Therefore, such organisms as bacteria have difficulty breaking down organic matter [@] Peat deposits 6 to 12 meters deep are not

Sree

The following sentence can be added to paragraph 2

For this reason, peat may accumulate to great depth

in bogs

Where would it best fit in the

paragraph? Choose (A, &, @,

or

Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [>]

> Scientific research has confirmed the age-old intuition that trees are good for the environment [J] Any overheated dog or cat can appreciate the relief provided by a mature shade tree on a sunny day [qj While all living things need sunlight, too much of it can be oppressive, even damaging ñ The densest foliage, and so the densest shade, is found under the broad leaves of deciduous trees like oaks and maples The narrower leaves of trees like willows and mimosa provide a dappled shade, which may be more beneficial to lawns and garden plants This translates into reduced emissions of carbon dioxide from oil or coal-fired electrical

generators

The most obvious benefit is shade

<t] Where would it best fit in the

3 paragraph? Choose BN, Ej, &

| or Bl

Ì Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow [>]

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Scientific research has confirmed the

age-old intuition that trees are good for the

environment Any overheated dog or cat

can appreciate the relief provided by a

mature shade tree on a sunny day While all

living things need sunlight, too much of it

can be oppressive, even damaging

densest shade, is found under the broad

leaves of deciduous trees like oaks and

maples Ei The narrower leaves of trees

like willows and mimosa provide a

dappled shade, which may be more

beneficial to lawns and garden plants

This translates into reduced emissions of

carbon dioxide from oil or coal-fired

electrical generators B

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By cooling the surrounding air, they also reduce the demand for air-conditioning in nearby homes, Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose EN, Ef, B

or

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> In Iroquois society, before contact

with Europeans, agriculture was reserved

for the women E¥ Although the men

helped in clearing the fields and other

heavy work, the actual planting and

harvesting was the domain of the women

Corn, beans, and squash were the

traditional crops grown Ej Stone and

wooden implements were used to till the

soil Corn was the most important crop

Iroquois cornfields were large, and

planted in “hills.” Beans could be dried for

future use BJ Squash or pumpkins were

stored in a cool place or cut into strips and

dried

Sassafras roots, birch bark, hemlock

twigs, and spicewood were steeped in

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Detta’s KEY 10 THE TOEFL® Test

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It could be eaten immediately, or

dried and stored for the winter

Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose EN, EI 8

or Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow

[>]

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Beans could be dried for future use

Squash or pumpkins were stored in a cool place or cut into strips and dried

> R Sassafras roots, birch bark, hemlock twigs, and spicewood were steeped in boiling water to serve as beverages EJ Maple syrup or maple

sugar was used as a sweetener fe] Also,

sunflowers were raised and pressed to extract the oil for cooking and hair dressing and for using in various religious rites BJ Nature was described in kinship terms

The sun was an elder brother who warmed the earth The life supporters—corn, beans, and squash—were known as The Three Sisters Since all Iroquois society was divided into clans named after certain

Boe

The women also gathered roots,

nuts, wild berries, and other forest products

ee

Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose BN, ©, &,

or

[>]

Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow A

Nature was described in kinship terms ee

The sun was an elder brother who warmed the earth The life supporters—corn, beans, and squash—were known as The Three Sisters [J Since all Iroquois society was divided into clans named after certain animals, the people also had a close symbolic relationship with the animal kingdom

Each clan was headed by a woman

The clan mother was the head of the household, and the stewardess of the affairs of the earth, such as planting and harvesting [5] Unity, not only in a political sense, but also in a spiritual and environmental sense, was the binding force in Iroquois life

|| added to the passage

All activities were symbolically related, producing unity and strength

Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose E§, 3, i

or

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Answers to Exercise 3,.7.A are on page 661

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1 Working in pairs, students review the passages in Exercise 3.7.A, Identify the

organization and purpose of each passage Circle transitions, pronouns, and other

key words and phrases that help make each passage coherent

2 Inreading done outside class, students select a paragraph of 4 to 5 sentences from a

textbook or magazine On a sheet of paper or an overhead projector transparency, list

the sentences from the paragraph, but mix up their order Classmates must arrange the

sentences in a coherent order Is there more than one possible order? Do transitions

and pronouns make it easier or more difficult to arrange the sentences? Does changing

the order of sentences change the meaning of the paragraph?

sentence to a paragraph Students select a paragraph of 4 to 5 sentences from a

textbook for another class On a sheet of paper, an overhead projector transparency,

or a computer, rewrite the paragraph, but omit one sentence Write the omitted

sentence in a box at the top Draw squares in 4 or 5 spaces before, after, and between

the other sentences in the paragraph Classmates must add the omitted sentence at

the correct square

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458

‘| ASSESSING PROGRESS — 3.7

Quiz 9 (Time - 13 minutes)

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> Bronchitis is an inflammation

added to paragraph 1

of the bronchial tubes in the lungs Jj It

often appears after a cold or an upper respiratory infection that does not heal completely {9 It also may accompany childhood infections such as measles, whooping cough, and typhoid fever BJ The inflamed bronchial tubes secrete

a sticky mucus called sputum It is difficult for the tiny hairs on the bronchi to clear out this sputum The cough that comes with bronchitis is the body’s attempt to eliminate it Severe cases may lead to pneumonia

Seventy—five percent of the people with chronic bronchitis have a history of heavy smoking Smoke irritates the lungs

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This irritation is caused by viruses

or bacteria, exposure to tobacco

smoke, or air pollution

paragraph? Choose B§, EB, i3,

or

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Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs It often appears after a cold or an upper respiratory infection that does not heal completely It also may accompany childhood infections such as measles, whooping cough, and typhoid fever

> The inflamed bronchial tubes secrete

a sticky mucus called sputum QY It is difficult for the tiny hairs on the bronchi to clear out this sputum EJ The cough that

comes with bronchitis is the body’s attempt

to eliminate it [@] Severe cases may lead to pneumonia fh

Seventy-five percent of the people with chronic bronchitis have a history of heavy smoking Smoke irritates the lungs

Other symptoms include discomfort or tightness in the

chest, low fever, sore throat,

and sometimes wheezing

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Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose E§, EY, &@,

or

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De.ta’s KEY 1o THE TOEFL® Test

Trang 7

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It also may accompany childhood

infections such as measles, whooping

cough, and typhoid fever

The inflamed bronchial tubes secrete

a sticky mucus called sputum It is difficult

for the tiny hairs on the bronchi to clear

out this sputum The cough that comes

with bronchitis is the body’s attempt to

eliminate it Severe cases may lead to

pneumonia

> & Seventy-five percent of the

people with chronic bronchitis have a

history of heavy smoking 5 Smoke

irritates the lungs and slows healing fj For

smokers, an important part of self-care

is to stop smoking [J Nonsmokers should

avoid other people’s smoke

People who smoke or who work

in polluted air are at risk for chronic bronchitis

Where would it best fit in the :| paragraph? Choose BB

or B

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ES The 2,000-year-old complex of

}| added to the passage

mounds occupying thirteen acres on the

banks of the Scioto River is one of the

most important sites of the Hopewell

Indian culture [ It offers evidence that

this society flourished in the Ohio Valley

for five hundred years

Mound City was apparently both a

village and a burial site [ Numerous

artifacts have been found in excavations

of the burial mounds [B] The quantity

and type of burial objects in particular

mounds indicates the status and possibly

the occupation of the deceased Most

remarkable for their stylized realism and

exquisite workmanship are a series of pipes

bearing the likenesses of animals and birds:

Their mound construction was 2

especially intensive in this area a

:| Where would it best fit in the :| paragraph? Choose ñ 8.8

or

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460

~ BY Mound City was apparently both

a village and a burial site [E] Numerous artifacts have been found in excavations

of the burial mounds [4 The quantity and type of burial objects in particular mounds indicates the status and possibly the occupation of the deceased Most remarkable for their stylized realism and

exquisite workmanship are a series of

pipes bearing the likenesses of animals and birds: wildcat, beaver, great blue heron, and raven BJ

The 23 mounds are spaciously placed but with no observable overail pattern Nearby, in the Great Mica Grave, lie the cremated remains of four bodies

The bodies were laid on a bed of thin

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been found in excavations of the burial mounds The quantity and type of burial objects in particular mounds indicates the status and possibly the occupation of the deceased Most remarkable for their stylized realism and exquisite workmanship are a series of pipes bearing the likenesses

of animals and birds: wildcat, beaver, great blue heron, and raven

> G§ The 23 mounds are spaciously placed but with no observable overail pattern [J Nearby, in the Great Mica Grave, lie the cremated remains of four bodies [4] The bodies were laid on a bed of thin sheets of mica, which had apparently been brought from the Blue

They include shell beads, bear and shark teeth, pottery, and ear spools

of copper and silver

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Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose B§, i, &,

or

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The whole was then covered with earth and overlaid with more mica

paragraph? Choose JN, El,

or

De.ta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test

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> minted coins The Romans called the place Both the Greeks and the Romans

where coins were made and stored by the

Latin word moneta, the ancestor of the

English word money Ef Even after coins

were developed, the world was still a long

way away from our current system of

money [J Each city made its own coins,

with no common way of exchanging one

type of coin for another [J Gradually,

traders worked out different rates of

exchange B

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The following sentence can be sẽ added to paragraph 1

However, this was a long, slow process that often developed

|| differently, depending on the individual trader

Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose ñÑ, 3, ,

or

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|| Another complication lay in the fact Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow

+| that for thousands of years, most people [>]

+| did not use money for most important

=) purchases Rich people might use money

4| to trade, to pay taxes, or for other major a

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with no common way of exchanging one

type of coin for another Gradually, traders

worked out different rates of exchange

=> HÀ Another complication lay in the

fact that for thousands of years, most

people did not use money for most

important purchases Rich people might

use money to trade, to pay taxes, or for

other major transactions Bị However,

ordinary people continued to barter for

most things in their daily lives

Farmers would grow food and make items

for themselves, trading the tiny surplus

for whatever they could not make or

grow themselves B

Paper money had a lot of advantages:

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it was lighter and easier to carry It was 4 |

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A worker, fer example, would be

paid in food, clothing, and shelter,

rather than in money

Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose & 6B G

or B

Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow fp]

DELTA’s KEY TO THE TOEFL® Test

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most things in their daily lives Farmers would grow food and make items for themselves, trading the tiny surplus for whatever they could not make or grow themselves

> BA Paper money had a lot of advantages: it was lighter and easier to carry Ef It was also a lot cheaper to make [@] The development of paper money meant that people had grasped the difference between money as a symbol and money as something that was worth only the actual cost of the paper and ink

in making a bill BJ The first known use of paper money was in China, around A.D 1300 The first use of paper money in Europe was in Sweden, in the 1600s The 1600s were a

As trade became an ever more a important part of the world

economy, people began to use Paper money as well as coins

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| Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose EN, E1, R

or

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i Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow

[>]

selves, trading the tiny surplus for whatever they could not make or grow themselves

Paper money had a lot of advantages:

it was lighter and easier to carry EN It was also a lot cheaper to make The development of paper money meant that people had grasped the difference between money as a symbol and money

as something that was worth only the actual cost of the paper and ink in making a bill

The first known use of paper money was in China, around A.D 1300 Ef] The first use of paper money in Europe was

in Sweden, in the 1600s [] The 1600s

were a time of extensive international trade and exploration BJ

The following sentence can be added to the passage

}| Because paper money made trade easier and more efficient, its use quickly caught on throughout the world

eae

Where would it best fit in the } paragraph? Choose EN, Ei, ,

or

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Answers to Reading Quiz 9 are on page 661

Tiêu đề	Coherence
Thể loại	Practice exercise

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