SCADA system automation of electric distribution

Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 4 What is SCADA? .................................................................................................................................. 4 How does SCADA work?...................................................................................................................... 4 SCADA is Electric Distribution ............................................................................................................. 4 Block Diagram ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Block No.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Block No.2 ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Main Block ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Flow Diagram of Block No.1 and No.2 ................................................................................................ 8 Circuit...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Voltage Measurement ................................................................................................................... 10 Microcontroller .................................................................................................................................... 11 TM4C123G ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Arduino.............................................................................................................................................. 12 SCADA Software ................................................................................................................................... 13 SCADA for Block No.1........................................................................................................................ 14 SCADA for Block No.2........................................................................................................................ 14 SCADA for Main Control Block .......................................................................................................... 14 Overview of SCADA software............................................................................................................ 15 Tab “Main” of SCADA........................................................................................................................ 15 Connect Panel ............................................................................................................................... 15 Area Panel..................................................................................................................................... 15 Diagram Panel............................................................................................................................... 16 Tab “Load Shedding” of SCADA......................................................................................................... 16 Area load shedding panel ............................................................................................................ 17 Tab “Graph” of SCADA ...................................................................................................................... 17 Database of SCADA ........................................................................................................................... 18 Wireless Communication of SCADA.................................................................................................. 19 Code ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 Code for TM4C123G.......................................................................................................................... 20 Code for Arduino............................................................................................................................... 242 Code for “Block No.1” SCADA ........................................................................................................... 25 SCADA.java.................................................................................................................................... 25 panel_Area1.java .......................................................................................................................... 25 panel_Areas.java........................................................................................................................... 27 panel_for_tab_1.java ................................................................................................................... 28 panel_ for_tab_2.java .................................................................................................................. 29 panel_ for_tab_3.java .................................................................................................................. 29 panel_Serial_Connect.java ........................................................................................................... 30 panel_Current_Graph.java .......................................................................................................... 31 panel_Voltage_Graph.java ........................................................................................................... 32 panel_tab2_Area1.java................................................................................................................. 32 Thread_Socket.java....................................................................................................................... 35 Thread_Database.java .................................................................................................................. 37 Thread_Diagram_Refreshing ........................................................................................................ 39 Thread_Receiving_Comm............................................................................................................. 39 Thread_Sending_Comm ............................................................................................................... 41 panel_Diagram.............................................................................................................................. 41 Reference............................................................................................................................................. 433 Abstract A model of automation of electric distribution using SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition). There are 3 consumption areas Area1, Area2 and Area3. Area1 is controlled by a SCADA software running on a laptop, similarly Area2 and Area3 are controlled by another SCADA software running on another laptop. A third laptop is also placed for controlling all the three areas wirelessly through internet, thus acting as a master remote control. SCADA software is coded in java. Communication between the consumption Areas and SCADA software on laptop is carried through microcontrollers Arduino and Tiva TM4C123G. ADC (Analog to digital) modules of both microcontrollers are used for taking input from measuring devices installed in the consumption areas and this data is send to laptops by USB data cable through UART module on the microcontrollers.4 Introduction What is SCADA? SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) is an industrial automation control and data gathering system at the core of many modern industries. SCADA is used for automation in almost every industry for example food, beverage, manufacturing, oil, power, recycling, transportation, agriculture etc. How Do SCADA Systems Work? SCADA systems deploy multiple software and hardware elements that allow industrial organizations to: • Monitor, gather, and process data. • Interact with and control machines and devices such as valves, pumps, motors, relays and more, which are connected through HMI (humanmachine interface) software. • Record events into a log file. 1 SCADA in Electric Distribution SCADA system for a power distribution application is a typically a PCbased software package. Data is collected from the electrical distribution system. SCADA in Electric Distribution is used for following tasks • Gathering data regarding voltage, current etc. from various regions. • Operating circuit breakers and relays in case of faults, maintenance or load shedding. • Storing data from future research on making the operation of the system better. 15 BLOCK Diagram Figure 1:Project Block Diagram6 The block diagram consists of 3 main blocks: 1) Block No.1 2) Block No.2 3) Main Control With further observation we see that “Block No.1” has “Area1”, which is a circuit model representing a consumption area. “Block No.2” has “Area2” and “Area3”, which are also circuit models representing consumption areas. 1) Block No.1 We see that “Block No.1” has “Area1”, which is a circuit model representing a consumption area. The circuit diagram of “Area1” consist of a transformer, relay, variable load, voltage and current measuring equipment. The voltage and current values from the measuring equipment of “Area1” is provided to the microcontroller “TM4C123G”. Output pin from “TM4C123G” is given to the relay in “Area1” for turning it ONOFF. “TM4C123G” is connected to a Laptop through a USB cable, from where its gets the command for the operation of relay, and to which it sends values of current and voltage of “Area1”. The laptop has a Java base SCADA software which has a GUI (Graphics User Interface) for easy use. The software displays value of current and voltages, provides a button for turning “Area1” off, shows graphical representation of current and voltages over time, provides option to turn off “Area1” for specified amount of time and also store important information regarding “Area1” in a database based on MySQL with the help of

Table of Contents

Abstract 3

Introduction 4

What is SCADA? 4

How does SCADA work? 4

SCADA is Electric Distribution 4

Block Diagram 5

Block No.1 6

Block No.2 6

Main Block 7

Flow Diagram of Block No.1 and No.2 8

Circuit 9

Voltage Measurement 10

Microcontroller 11

TM4C123G 11

Arduino 12

SCADA Software 13

SCADA for Block No.1 14

SCADA for Block No.2 14

SCADA for Main Control Block 14

Overview of SCADA software 15

Tab “Main” of SCADA 15

Connect Panel 15

Area Panel 15

Diagram Panel 16

Tab “Load Shedding” of SCADA 16

Area load shedding panel 17

Tab “Graph” of SCADA 17

Database of SCADA 18

Wireless Communication of SCADA 19

Code 20

Code for TM4C123G 20

Code for Arduino 24

Code for “Block No.1” SCADA 25

SCADA.java 25

panel_Area1.java 25

panel_Areas.java 27

panel_for_tab_1.java 28

panel_ for_tab_2.java 29

panel_ for_tab_3.java 29

panel_Serial_Connect.java 30

panel_Current_Graph.java 31

panel_Voltage_Graph.java 32

panel_tab2_Area1.java 32

Thread_Socket.java 35

Thread_Database.java 37

Thread_Diagram_Refreshing 39

Thread_Receiving_Comm 39

Thread_Sending_Comm 41

panel_Diagram 41

Reference 43

Abstract

A model of automation of electric distribution using SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) There are 3 consumption areas Area1, Area2 and Area3 Area1 is controlled by a SCADA software running on a laptop, similarly Area2 and Area3 are controlled by another SCADA software running on another laptop A third laptop is also placed for controlling all the three areas wirelessly through internet, thus acting as a master remote control SCADA software is coded in java Communication between the consumption Areas and SCADA software on laptop is carried through microcontrollers Arduino and Tiva TM4C123G ADC (Analog to digital) modules of both microcontrollers are used for taking input from measuring devices installed in the consumption areas and this data is send to laptops by USB data cable through UART module on the microcontrollers

Introduction

What is SCADA?

SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) is an industrial automation control and data gathering system at the core of many modern industries SCADA is used for automation in almost every industry for example food, beverage, manufacturing, oil, power, recycling, transportation, agriculture etc

How Do SCADA Systems Work?

SCADA systems deploy multiple software and hardware elements that allow industrial organizations to:

• Monitor, gather, and process data

• Interact with and control machines and devices such as valves, pumps, motors, relays and more, which are connected through HMI (human-machine interface) software

• Record events into a log file [1]

SCADA in Electric Distribution

SCADA system for a power distribution application is a typically a PC-based software package Data is collected from the electrical distribution system SCADA in Electric Distribution is used for following tasks

• Gathering data regarding voltage, current etc from various regions

• Operating circuit breakers and relays in case of faults, maintenance or load shedding

BLOCK Diagram

Figure 1:Project Block Diagram

The block diagram consists of 3 main blocks:

1) Block No.1

We see that “Block No.1” has “Area1”, which is a circuit model representing a consumption area The circuit diagram of “Area1” consist of a transformer, relay, variable load, voltage and current measuring equipment

The voltage and current values from the measuring equipment of “Area1” is provided to the microcontroller “TM4C123G” Output pin from “TM4C123G” is given to the relay in “Area1” for turning it ON/OFF “TM4C123G” is connected to a Laptop through a USB cable, from where its gets the command for the operation of relay, and to which it sends values of current and voltage of “Area1” The laptop has a Java base SCADA software which has a GUI (Graphics User Interface) for easy use The software displays value of current and voltages, provides a button for turning “Area1” off, shows graphical representation of current and voltages over time, provides option to turn off “Area1” for specified amount of time and also store important information regarding “Area1” in a database based on MySQL with the help of WampServer

2) Block No.2

We see that “Block No.2” has “Area2” and “Area3”, which is are circuit models representing consumption areas The circuit diagram of “Area2” and “Area3” are identical to “Area1”, thus consisting of a transformer, relay, variable load, voltage and current measuring equipment each

The voltage and current values from the measuring equipment of “Area2” and “Area3” are provided to the microcontroller “Arduino” Output pin from “Arduino” is given to the relay in

“Area2” and “Area3” for turning them ON/OFF “Arduino” is connected to a Laptop through

a USB cable, from where its gets the command for the operation of relays, and to which it sends values of current and voltage of “Area2” and “Area3” The laptop has a Java base SCADA software which has a GUI (Graphics User Interface) for easy use The software displays value

of current and voltages, provides a button for turning “Area2” or “Area3” off, shows graphical representation of current and voltages over time, provides option to turn off “Area2” or

“Area3” for specified amount of time and also store important information regarding “Area2” and “Area3” in a database based on MySQL with the help of WampServer

3) Main Block

We see that there are no consumption areas in “Main Block”, only a laptop linked to the SCADA software of “Block No.1” and “Block No.2” This connection is represented by blue arrows, which show that the connection is wireless Thus the connection is made through the internet using the Sockets class of Java

The SCADA software in the laptop of “Main Block” can display value of current and voltages, provides a button for turning “Area1”, “Area2” or “Area3” off, shows graphical representation

of current and voltages over time, provides option to turn off “Area1”, “Area2” or “Area3” for specified amount of time and also store important information regarding “Area1”, “Area2” and “Area3” in a database based on MySQL with the help of WampServer Thus this provides

an overall control on all the consumption areas in the electric distribution system

Flow Diagram of Block No.1 and No.2

• Coded in Eclipse using Java.

• Displays Voltage & Current Values of each consumption areas.

• Option to Turn off desired Areas of a specific time.

• Displays Graphs of Voltages and Currents in each consumption areas

Database

• Coded in MySQL

• wampsever is used for storing data for each consumption area

in the local disk

• Data is added every 0.5sec.

• Data can be import to pdf, excel and other various formats.

Circuit

There are two circuits First one represents consumption area “Area1” The second circuit represents two consumption areas, “Area2” and “Area3” The circuit of each consumption area is quite similar Each of one consist of Transformer which takes voltage from wapda and steps down After this a relay is connected in series for turning the consumption area ON/OFF

In case of relay being OFF a LED is turned ON indicating the consumption area is off The LED

is connected to NO (normally open) pin of the relay The circuit for turning on the LED is:

Figure 2: Circuit for Energizing LED

Digital output from Tiva TM4C123G is 3.3V whereas relays require 5V for operating This 5V can be obtained from node 3 of figure 2 For this we use the circuit shown in figure 3

Figure 3: Circuit for Energizing Relay

Voltage Measurement

At node 1 the dc voltage is 17.3V to step it down to 1.65V we require a voltage bridge with the ratio of 9.5:1 Which in terms of standard resisters give the value of 430KΩ and 43KΩ Values are selected high because we only need voltage sample and want to keep in current

in divider minimum IC 7805 is placed in series to avoid voltage getting higher than 5V which would damage the microcontroller permanently

Figure 4: Voltage divider for TM4C123G

In case of voltage input for Arduino the value is set 2.5V instead of 1.65V because the maximum voltage for input in case of Arduino is 5V instead of 3.3V Which gives a ratio of 5.9:1 In case of standard resistors that can be achieved with 430KΩ and 68KΩ resistors

Figure 5: Voltage divider for Arduino

Microcontroller

We used 2 different microcontrollers for each SCADA software The first microcontroller

“TM4C123G” is connected with “Area1” whereas the second microcontroller “Arduino” is connected to “Area2” and “Area3” Thus with the use of two different microcontrollers we are able to learn and show more versatility

TM4C123G

The TM4C123G Launchpad evaluation kit is a low-cost evaluation platform for ARM M4F based microcontrollers from Texas Instruments The design of the TM4C123G Launchpad highlights the TM4C123GHPM microcontroller with a USB 2.0 device interface and hibernation module [2]

Cortex-We used IAR Embedded Workbench as the IDE

Code for its operation is written in C language

The voltage and current values that were taken

from the circuit of consumption areas are given

to the input pins of the microcontroller The ADC

module is used for converting the incoming

analog signal into digital value ranging from 0 to

1024 The max input signal is 3.3V corresponding

to the maximum digital value 1024, and

minimum input signal is 0V corresponding to the

digital value of 0 We have selected the input as

1.65V so the digital value should be 512, thus

allowing us maximum range to measure

fluctuations in the value We have PE1 and PE2

as the two inputs for voltage and current of

“Area1” respectively

For controlling relays, we have use PB0 and PB1 as

digital output pins Depending upon the command given to the microcontroller it eithers sets the digital output pin value to 0V (OFF) or 3.3V (ON)

The commands from to the microcontroller are given from the SCADA software in the laptop which is attached to the microcontroller through a USB data cable These commands are read

by enabling and using the UART module of the microcontroller The values of voltages and current of the consumption area is also sent to the laptop by using the UART module of the microcontroller

Figure 6: TM4C123G launch evaluation kit [3]

Arduino Uno

The Uno is a microcontroller

the ATmega328P It has 14

digital input/output pins (of

which 6 can be used as PWM

outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16

MHz quartz crystal, a USB

connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header and a reset button

[4]

We used Arduino development

environment as the IDE Code for its

operation is written in Arduino programming language The voltage and current values that were taken from the circuit of consumption areas are given to the analog input pins of the microcontroller The analogRead() function is used for converting the incoming analog signal into digital value ranging from 0 to 1024 The max input signal is 5V corresponding to the maximum digital value 1024, and minimum input signal is 0V corresponding to the digital value of 0 We have selected the input as 2.5V so the digital value should be 512, thus allowing

us maximum range to measure fluctuations in the value We have A0, A1, A2 and A3 as the four inputs for voltage and current of “Area2” and “Area3” respectively

For controlling relays, we have use pin number 4 and 7 as digital output pins Depending upon the command given to the microcontroller it eithers sets the digital output pin value to 0V (OFF) or 5V (ON)

The commands from to the microcontroller are given from the SCADA software in the laptop which is attached to the microcontroller through a USB cable These commands are read by enabling and using the Serial class of the microcontroller The values of voltages and current

of the consumption area are also sent to the laptop by using the Serial.print() function of the Arduino

Figure 7:Arduino Uno [5]

SCADA Software

There are three SCADA software, one for each laptop The first one is for the “Block No.1” which is configured for only “Area1” The Second one is for “Block No.2” which is configured for “Area2” and “Area3” and the third one is for “Main Control Block” which is configured for all 3 areas i.e “Area1”, “Area2” and “Area3”

SCADA for Block No.1

Figure 8:SCADA for Block No.1

SCADA for Block No.2

SCADA for Main Control Block

Figure 10:SCADA for Main Control Block

Figure 9:SCADA for Block No.2

Overview of SCADA Software

As you can see from figures 6, 7 and 8, all the three software are quite similar Each have 3 tabs which will be discussed in detail shortly Each Software can perform the following task

• Display Voltage & Current of consumption areas

• Display buttons for turning areas ON/OFF

• Display a Diagram showing status of each area

• Gives an option to turn OFF an area for specified time (Load Shedding)

• Plots Graphs of Voltage & Current w.r.t Readings

• Stores data for Voltages, Currents and status of relays in a database

Tab “Main” of SCADA

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the “Main” tab of SCADA

1) Connect Panel

On the top is the connect button and a drop down menu for displaying all the active COM ports to which you can connect for serial communication between SCADA and micro controller

Figure 11: Connect Panel of SCADA

Figure 12: Area Panel of SCADA

3) Diagram Panel

On the right side of “Main” tab of

SCADA is the Diagram panel This

panel shows the status of each

area and attached relay status The

Diagram is live so it changes the

status from ON to OFF and vice

versa as soon as the relay is turned

off or the voltage in the area turns

to 0, representing fault in the area

Tab “Load Shedding” of SCADA

Figure 12 shows the tab 2 of SCADA software for “Main Control Block”

Figure 14: Tab "Load Shedding" of SCADA

Figure 13: Diagram Panel of SCADA

1) Area Load Shedding Panel

Figure 15: Area Load Shedding panel

This panel has three fields

Tab “Graph” of SCADA

Figure 14 shows the “Graph” tab of SCADA for “Block No.1”

Figure 16: Tab "Graph" of SCADA

As time passes number of readings for which the graph is plotted increases, hence increase the length of x-axis and compressing the already plotted graph to give space for new readings

to be plotted In case of SCADA software for “Block No.2” and “Main Control Block” each graph has multiple lines at one time to show voltage and current readings of all the areas

Database of SCADA

Voltage value, current value, status of relay and Time at the moment of reading are store in MySQL database Data is store at the rate of one reading every 0.5sec The format of TimeAtMoment is dd/MM/yyyy_hh:mm:ss

Data from MySQL database can be:

Figure 17: Database of SCADA

Wireless Communication between Blocks

We implemented wireless communication between remote locations using internet, which enables us to discard use of optic fiber wires The advantages of implementing wireless communication are:

• Optic fibers used for communication cost 10$ per meter, which is equal to 400 million Rupees for a 400 Km line Thus a large amount of money can be saved by implementing wireless communication

• Damaging and Repair issues of wiring are also discarded

• In a dense area wires add up to mess and can be difficult to maintain

Wireless communication between SCADA software is implemented using “Sockets” class of Java The “Main Control Block” SCADA acts as a host whereas the “Main Block No.1” and

“Main Block No.2” SCADA act as clients Value of voltages and currents from “Area1”,

“Area2” and “Area3” are send through a socket to the “Main Control Block” SCADA

Whereas relays can be turned ON/OFF using the “Main Control Block” SCADA Thus the

“Main Control Block” SCADA acts as a main control to overlook operation on all

consumption areas

Code

Code for TM4C123G

#include <lm4f120h5qr.h>

#include "tm4c123gh6pm.h"

unsigned long int temp;

unsigned int val[2];

void printString(char *string);

void adc_get(unsigned int buff[2])