Writing skills GRE - GMAT

Luyện thi GRE và GMAT

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P E T E R S O N ' S

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exam's multiplc-choicc scctions Wh)'do so mxn)'tcst txkcrs ncSlcct n;ll)'ti'cal writing wben it comcs lo GRE and GI{ T prep? Probablv for one or more

of the followins rcxsons:

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o Tbc task is iititnidating bccause therc's ttu roottt I(,t' Sttcsstt'ork'

other tesr takers-or so you think

o vVriting cssays is such Isard uork organizing and compositS' anessay inherentl)' rcquires far more activiry, bodr menully and Ph)'si-cat\', than anallzing and answering a muldple{hoice questlon

o Tbe/e are so manJ' posslble essa! questions but so ltttlc time toget read), for tbenL Sktce Efi has predisclosed all of the questions'

ready for each and every one of them' And given a pool of 250

ready for every single one? Not you-so you wondcr why youshould cven bothcr tryin8

GRE or GMAT w.iting tasks And by picking up tNs book, )'ou've uken :lnimponent firsr srep toward overcoming your anxieq'!

GRE General Test or GIiE (Graduate Reard bam) Sining for this

broad rangc of verbal, quandtative, and anzlytical writing abilides' bcr' the exam is offcred onl)' bl' computcr now (except in some rcmbtelocations outside thc U.S.)

Remem-SOME TESTING TER'{IINOLOGY YOU SHOUID KR{OW

Tluoughout this book, I refer ro vadous acronyms ard other terms thatresr makers use and you should know This ffst one is for GRE as well asGMAT test ul(ers:

ETS This is the nonProfit organizstion that creates the GRE andGMAT tesls, administcrs the exams, and repor6 exam scorcs to thegr"aduatc schools ETS also conducts onSoing research Proiects aimed

at improving its tests

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AOvSu 139

THE OFFIGIAT

OUESTIONS

Aldysis of an lssue This is ihc namc of onc of thc two GIIAT essn\'

a n u P r t e r c ; l s c ' 1 " )Ainlysis oI srr A-rgumcnL This is tirc namc ol thc olbcr GMAT cssr)

(usin8 xn uppcrcase "l-)

OPOOLSO OF GRE AND GMAT ESSAY

r-andomly select your lssuc and Argirmenl qucstions from a la!8c databasc,or'pool." CYou won l know beforehand which panicular qucstions thetcsiing system will.Pres€nl to you.) ETS ha5 Prcdisclosed ils completc Pool

of cssay qucsdons for each of the rsto cxzml To ger the Sreatcst Possiblc

should obiein your omciel lisl They're aYrilablc on line, and the GlvtAT list

is also aErlable in print (For delar]s, see belo$.)

wu.pct6ons.com

Thc official list (pool) of GRI Analltical Writin8 quesoons cunenuy consists ol 125 lssucs and 125 Argumcn6 H€r€ ate th.ec different ways toobtlin the comPlet€ list:

vielv the list, free of charge and v,.ithout regis(rition, at the oficialGRE Web site (www.8rc org) Folloq' the lir$i !o thc description of

vlitin8 scction Therc, you'll lind seParate Lhks to the lis! of lssuesand lisr of A-rguments

Unk ditcc-rly to th€ lssue and A4lumcnt [sts from my GRE

Thc tq,o lists tntgrl be a ilablc from ETS in Printed form For thelatcs! inJomation, check my update Page at this book's llreb site

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diffcrent ways to obtain the lisr:

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a i<sue at ;raoa Pen a' alsc 3"€a ;:ro grcrt dcPtJr about tHc srious

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sFive to dedonsrrate the-followinS to the reaoer:

iir approp.,rrct] m"(urc writirrs sryle,

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choice and usage) and idroms

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IIDDITIONAL RESOURCE5 FOR GRE AND G'\AAT

AldrouSlr thiri book i5]our l)cst sin8lc rcsourcc for GRE and GI1AT css;'\'

morc timc lo gct rcxd! for vour exrm, supplement tilis book with onc of

Petcrson s):

GRE-Arxuers lo lhc Real Ersq' Qucstiorr This book conririns m)cssavs for all 250 ofllcial GRE questions (125 lssucs, 125 ArSumcnts).i\1ore t).fomrtion is rvailablc aa t})e book s Ittemcl Edidon

($'q.w.wcst.net/-sreivart/Et ew^)

sccond edition connins model cssr]'s for 2J0 officixl GMAT qucstioos(ll5 Issues, 115 Argxmcnts) More inJormation is available at thc

Argcles) is an anomey and onc of roday's preemincnt audloritics and

level €nrance cxam prog ams llis books on Glrl,A.T, ISAT, and GRI

traduare studcnts His other book-lcogth publications for Sraduatc'levcl-ad-mjssions include GRE-ISAT-GLUT'MCAT Real;rtg Co,nprebewlon

yoLrself tbe GttAT CAT in 24 Hour' TeacJl yourseU the GRE ln 24Eours, 30 Dals to tbc LSAT, 30 DaJB to tbe G],4T CAT' GRE ISAT loSlc'Vorkbook,

GruE-Attsuers to tbc Real Essa)' otrcstiotls, 2 d Perlect

published b)' Petcron's)

GRVGMAT Testt

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45 minutcs for drc issue vririns rask

30 minuics for thc ArSumcnt wririns taskGN,IAT

30 minutes tor r.hc lssue writing rask

30 minutes for rhc Arguacnt writing a;lsk

No bre2k is providcd berq,eed the rwo wriring usk

Thc tesdnS sysrem does not allow you to spcnd morc than {5 minutcs(GRD or 30 minute5 (GMAT) on the lssue writing rrsk, no! does itallow you to spend morc thaD 30 mirutcs on rhc A.rgument writing

3- The teltiDg s''srcm does nor allow you to rctum to the frrs! *aritl1:gtask oncc you'vc movcd on to the second ta5k, tsut if you,yc finisheadlc fust-onc.carly, you -c.n ?rocccd i'nmcdiatcly to the sccond onc xiyow oprion

4 Scrarch paper and pencils are providcd (just a5 for th€ mulriplc,choice

t Tbe testing sysrcm migh! prescnr the rv o raks ro vou in clther ordcr

6 On thc GI{AT, you musr use rhe word proccssor buitt into lhe rcslin8

- resting sysrem's buih-in wotd troccssoa o! submit vout rcEponscs jnhandwliBcn form

7- Thc tcsting sysrem irnposcs no s.ord liqrjt on cither rcsponsc CTbe

or y limit"tion.on lenFh is the practical limjariori associrtcd wirhvour time lirnit,)

Corrte[t

Your ability to prescnr cogent, pcrsuasive,:od rclclznc idcas ?.Ird

OrganizationYour ability to present youl ide3s in an or'genizcd aJtd cohcsiv€ fashlon

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GRF/GMAT Teett

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y'niv GRE aHo GMAT lssurs Loor Lrr

The GIrL{f Issue

y o u r cRE or GMAT lssue \vill consisl of rwo clemcnts:

A bn.j diractiw @escnPtion of Iour t:rsk) A l _2 scnrcncc rlala,ttcnt ol op;^ion orr xn issuc

f t I A T}?ical GRE lssuc

and/or examples to suppon you viewPoin!

'ln ordcr to achieve Srcatness in a Particular lield-whedrer it be in

"No business should sacrifice rhe qualitY of its produc$ ot seflices

Io cxPlain Your vtewpotnL'

the GRE lssue Directive

(cssentiall]' a5 indiceted above)'

Directive

[xp)ain tllc mernitF of *!is quoution (or statemcnl\

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vith reasons endlor exnmPles'

GRE/GMAT Ic:I.

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crosdisciplinan' in n;lturc, cmbr:rcing tu,o or morc arcas l.hc samplc Yor,

'The objecdve of scicncc is largel), opposccl to thal of an; whilcscicnce sceks to discover trutlts rn sccks to obscure tltcnl.-

embmces a variery of other areas, including pubtic poliq., govcfi]mcnl,intcmaUonal politics, and business:

'The onl1, wat, to cnsure that our nxtural en.t,ironment will be

its individurls and private businesscs to achieve thesc obiecdvcs."

o)mrnon Tfremcs Among G}.{AT Issues

sEremerts cover similar thenadc gr-ound I,ve otcgorizcd rlrc staremcntsbelo\r' according to theme, from more common to less common (under.sundabll', more topics involve business issues than "nu oan q,1ra;,

Culturc and social mores, attirudes, values Business producriviq,, efficicncl., and teamwork Businesi-labor and employmenr issues Education-i6 ovemll rote and obicctives Govemment's role in cnsuring ttre srclfare of itAcidzens Tcchnology and its impact on business and socier', Keys ro individual success

Business-its overall role and obiectives i, socien, Business ethics

Pcrsonal qualiUes and !,alues

GIWGMAT Tests

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9N'lu/vl -lvJtU]VNV

lvr.{g ONV:Ug inogv S1SVJ

loJluo]

(s)lduJl:xt put:

suost;al q.lrlt) st:)pt.lrto,i uocldn5

o

sr:pr:no,i ssa:dxe pur: do1t,r:rp

.rzrurb)11 o

1, su.rlc:r1<J,rr pur: sertrx:1duol

,tll tllt^\

lr:)p pul:

,;;::T

s, r pr:r',ix ss) : n s s1

aqt ,Iscr Brr,:u,u a.rssy

8unor u1 rl,sul o,,,urru,u,";;TTi.::l'J#,lilT,i;1lli"J,

aauq,{aqt uaq,{

:sanlc^ Jr.mllnf, pur ,rueuru:aao3

Jo 3loJ

Juo uEqt cjouj f)r.rqlu:

rf,qr stusuralEts pr,"In,_,

aJor! ol$J 3JE gJrH

sr'^rrsrosrrnpordqr:o,rrrru.f lilo'a1ffJffi [i:.'Jil;:,J:

.qr prr' srrrna

ss'nsnq,r^oo,

f,qI &oA3lEJ

,ro ar*a;, ,JorrJ ottn 11rJ

,{Iprunru rou :rt sauogslur asoqa

)svl cNUd

A 3nssl lHr uoJ

slNntolng oNv sNouJluro tvDtJJO

-PAtl: r

Thc scrccn will xlso indicatc rulcs and Fuidelincs for thc lssue wrjtint

'ti)ur timc linrit ir 45 minurcs (30 mintrtcs oIr th( Gl\t\T)

writin8 on f,nl topic othcr than thc onc Prcscntcd is unacceprable

Your GRE or Gtr{AT Argument ""'lll consist-of two cllments:

The Argument wridng task is desiSned to test your critical-reasonin8 skius

as well as your writitg skills Your t,sk is to critique dnc srated Argument

in termi-oi ia cogincy Oogic:l soundness) anct in terms of pe sucnpfh ofrhe evidcnce offered in suppon of thc aqiument In scoring your Arfru'

Identrff and anallze the kcy elemcn6 of the argument Organize, dcvelop, and cxpress your criuque

Support your ideas (with reasons and examples) Conrol the elemcnts of sIendard written En8lish

o A paragraphle ng:th passale (which Presenls the a4lr]ment iitsclf) A bnef directiue (description of your task)

GR-E/GLUT T6ts

utt>) Sttugaladtno,tr

.ar0Jar;

:u:run3.ll ,ql pult noi

p;ruost:t.r lJf,^\ ^\oq ssn)s!c

.uf,ss) sr )An))rrp aq1 -1oo<r

rug.rxrrg.ro )qr ur ruaunarv}:lffi

A",lttpa,,;,r;,;;;:,0 )rlr ,rll9 ,qr uo

".saa,{o1dun

,"r'-:,ti]q-ueq,lA srur)nddr qof

:aqto :rao

'i{tuouora

nt"rno 111-'-o""' plnoqs elrls

f,ql rr srss:rnsnq

,.';,*;,rf *|;3#ilLl'ff

DIJ' s'l!xa:

sr rrlro.la uoprnpo:d ,s",:.1-11*tg

'lpuar:1 'pJo s:zal

77 ,ro.ou i:'":;,'"': t,::H1i'J,TJ.*t'l-]"'i'::':#"'i:f

aqr q)rq,o

14 srsuJ

r ,r::lLTT*

)q n-r,o6 trro'DFoi'i' sr!

^ru 3o ,Br:ur"rrj *"orr,,*

*.

lEJol D n Euuu:ddu r"goilp,

uD uro{

urIsl , ,Ji;j;:- rueurn8ry ru9

luqd4r;

ltt

'tgo:d z

aq lJa:ns pJno,r,,

pflrJ-ol 3Jgts IID?a.r- ruurs x

.slBrruassg

fxuoff,J c

lI prEJddu f[4.l'oJJoJ JrlI

::':- :l :'"

(raauol puu) ouo,,

.*']ffi ,T:#:

yt*, 14

3ldur's t-,

"rr, lr,,*]^ _'ll-"""' Jv'tntg " Jo

r!8uat

:,uo,u no,{

qSnown:) noo# t-9 '(ur'xa

rnol uo tuJrrq,,,

rstuno)u3

Jo l{toq ,eururngrv';;.:

lf,rrlgo eql u!

pur (qr).ds

str atuf,lpur m^r tulunfJv

9Ntut 4\

]v3[^]vNv lvrv9 crNV

lu9 lnoSv SICVJ lHl

.1.,1v a8pssd

eqJ

@pptcrnl Dtnecnorus AND GuIDEUNEs FoR THE Anoumeur Wnnrrqc Tasr

On the GI\{AT a morc dcLrilcd dirccrivc immcdiatell follows thc passagcand is rhe same for cvcn.Argumenr in rhc officitl Gl\,lAT pool Thc

be surc to tnalvze tltc linc ofrcxsoning and t}lc use of evidcncc in dtc

whxr son of evidencc would strengthen or rcfutc the argument, what

During your prc-resl compuler rurorial @cfore vou be[iin the timed rest),ttre resting sysrem will providc directions for all exam sccrjons, in rum.For the.Argumenr writing task, the sysrem will prcsent ro yort tuo'screens"

of directions and guidclines specific to th:lr msk

Screen 1 (General Guidelines and Suggestions)

unrta.Pcle6ons.com

scorinS criteria Here's essentially what you'll sec on dre screenThis wridng task is designed ro resr your cridcal-reasoning skills aswell as your wridng skills Your task is ro cririque the stared argu-ment in terms of its logical soundness and in ierms of tlle strcnEtth of

Argumen! essay, thc reade q/ill consider how effcctivelv vou:

o Identrly and ana.lyzc the kcy elemcnF of rhe afgumenr Organizc, dcvelop, and exprcss vour cririquc

Control lhe clcments of standard wrinrcn Engtish''The screcn 'will then ind.icarc mles and guidclincs for tie Argurncntwriting rask H€re's essendally what you'll see fur*rer down the screcn: Your dme timir is 30 minures

You must critique tlre logiel soundness of thc argument prescnted A critique of an), other argumcntris unrccepnble

GRE,/GLUT Tests

,atoJ

5 2tOSJ.1'iq O'nIn'

I

t,uosJatad

'lu:tUn8jv )rll lo (ss)upunos

ln)I8ol) ,\luf,tlo:)

InuJatul ]ql uo,iltlurs sttl(u

lslruj no,,r q)lt1,r'r ut

'lsnl lu)I.Ulr3^:

f,tJl ol

:ur^)l)!I a.rc stulod,$:ra qf,ns rnB

sat:rutr::oddo qol lnnb: :o

tuau;,ro1dtu:

1n1 Srnmsu:

:o1 Allrqlsuodsa:

))1t;t plnoqs oqn\ rroqr

stutod,tat,t snout,r

:u:s::d ol no,{:o.1 1p:r

rqSlu tu:uln8ry 3q) ut

p)tr) spua::

lu:ruioldurr

DUU f,nrJouore aqr 8u1,r1o,rur

:tdor :uss1

uy (saursupul lurlg

lnoqr) \lt(l

sa8rd ma;

x p:J):uno)u) nol stu:run8-ry

o^\r atlt

Jo puof,rs aqt 'aJdrurxe

JoJ 'Japlsuo3 J)uapJ^) sll

uo pux sa:nrral prfol

s,:ulu:n8ry aqt uo

,tprp:s snro;

lsnur sysllrur Jnol

'allo^ul :q8nu :u:un3ry

aql lxql anssl ur

:noqr suorrndo uno.lnol

tuas::d ot :rt1d aq:

tou sl uoltJas luaurnS:y

aq1

'6' 1y-Jallew

],useoq e^IlJedsJad,

Jno 'r1se1

luerun8Jv arll JoJ

'spu: Aprgu4s :rlr aJrqa

s,:EI+

's11qs 3rmu,n puc rlrllcw

p:aua8:nod aJnsEaLrJ

ol pauSlsap a.rr t;loq

qSnoqfv Isxl )nssl arp qtta

)tscl 3uplr,1d tuaunfry

Jtp asrg:uor :ou oq

EN

)svl eNrlrx^A rnssl 3Hr

woul LNlu3lllc /dr^ sl

)svl cNuu^\

rNlwn9uv IHJ

'uolsnl)uo) s,ruf,uJnAJtr aqt:rlnp,r.e

ot no,(

dyaq ppo,t ',{ur

I 'uol:BturoJul

Ituolrlppr rf,q^\

ssnf,slp ,{nu no1

r

'ruetunS:r ?qr arrual Jo

uaqr8ua:rs dJaq plnoar sJuJpha

l?uolllppx ltq^\

ssn)slp,$ur no;

'uoJml)uoJ s,lu:um8rc

ag: ruo-ddns

Datuasard tJurp!^3 Jqr qf,Jq^t

ot :u:txa 3qt JaplsuoJ

plnoqs no1 '

'ruatunBlt

:qr 3q,(1;apun suolldurnssu alqruoltsanb

J)ptsuo) pFoqs no1

'8r4uosr::3o :u11 s,luaulnfux f,tp azdpux

plnoqs no1

'tu:run8rr JIII rI s-l'uauJflns

arg;o dw qt!^t JtJSEstp

Jo aJBE oi-p:\sr

3rnf,q lou aJr no|

r

:uf,JJJs :tp

uo :as 1,no,(:rq,s

,{lppuassa s,JJf,H 'tutumSJv

rrp 8r4nb!!::

JoJ sJunspm8 rgrrads atnJpr4

ll-rra ustJJs puof,rs 3LlI

(ruarunSry ar1r 3u-mblrlr)

roJ saulap$c tBtleads) z

uaand

'ptpaau JJE {u.np no,(

no1

'JtlruErrI lueJllloJ

E 14 uraqr azr-wfuo

.put innJ scapl :nod

dola.rap Plnoqs nol

'Aqd,{r u.r3aq

no,( e:o;aq asuodse: mo,(

ulld

ol sf,lnurlu

^\3J x tIE: plnoqs nol

gNtItUM ]v3l]-^]vNv lVV\9 oNV

3u9 lnO8V SlSVl lHl-l'lv

For the Argument Task, Your Specific Analysis Does tr{aftcr-A Lot!

is all about Should vou fail ro idcndfT and lddrcss tlresc built-in problcms,vou won'i acain a high score

A rypical GRE or GlitAT Argumcnr \r'ill conr;rin at lc;rst threc or four

fre quend)' in the official GRE and GI\tAT Argumenrs:

Confusing a cause-ald-effect relationship with a mere corrclation ortemporal sequence

RelyinS on a potendally unrepresentrtivc sutisticxl sample RelyinS on polenrixll)' Eintid resuhs from a survev or pou AssuminS that a certain condition is necessary and/or sufficient for

a cerain outcomc

membcr (or vice versa) Assuming that all things remain unchanged over time

Be foreqrarned: Nor all GRL and GlvlAT Argumen6 are cre;rted equal Insome of them, tJre logical flaws scem to iump off the page (or scrcen) at

- you, one at a.timc, while in others, the llaws are interrwincd or hiddcn

or8anize thcm And there arc no Suafirntecs that the test rviu dca.l you afavorablc hand But who said life is fair? At least vou have tlts book tohelp cven thc playing field

:-,:irti':."

Wdttng Sk ls Ior tl) GR.VGMAT Tcst

ut.r) stt a,rsJ 1a{.1il,rr t

l

),, ,of ,,,rs

Er,,u^ttt"!

t

:qr Suruurtieq JJoJf,q uotrdo

:noi :c :ossalo:d

pJOAr arll

arulsuouap t, no; rantr,

uo,rdn ,qt, a,r"q t,

uo,,la llo^

:crss:.lo.rd p:o^t rjl-tllnq )ql

)sn ol

^rol_l

(uJrj)s rql Jo ujorroq aqt

l[) suotrnq Jxqloo] tql

esn ot ld.oH

unaop puu dn,tcydsrp u)rJJs

f,q: lloJJs ot,,r6.oIJ

esnou erll 3sn ot

ll\OH

aq: srnmg su)arJs

Jo saqas

r qfno.np no,{ spu:1

^ ar' rorspuo,nr,""-""ffi?:Tj#I&'"H:H:;'-ffi

A tvlru.rvNv

no,{ ruaaard

ot ,rrro^

t.rrol

(Junt patroJ1c arp a.lo;5q

pw suo'nq _0,_r

;;;*

-ross::o:d pJo,s, )r;t

irnsn:o3 srrortJa4p ,{z1ds1p

orj rro,rnq a:gg

v

ol Bururf,urar aunr,(r1dqp o!)

uolrnq AnLL

V

puolas f,rtrJ paraJduror a^,no{

J:l suop.f,as lrr'x, Jr*o

"*

ol) uolnq NoLD;s

rDGI uv

(rstr rno,{

laf,uEJ pw dors or)

uounq IS.JI JJnO V-

-

arlt Jo ruouoq cqr

tV

(Z Jo.{

JaqtF) J:qumu {sEl orf,L

,

lsJt 3qr

Jo aulxu :rll

Isr| 3uFU,r tuJJjrrf, :qr

JoJ ($lnuruj rn).SuruDru)J f,unt

orll

rq1 rv'rvne p'" :rue

stq atsy.rf,lrrr rarndudr Bqlp,A(

trrn tprrv

cNV lu9 1no8v Si3VJ

lHl TlV

Frnrunrs AND LTMITAnoNs oF THE Wono PnocrssoR

countcrpar6 lo climiniltc :tnv advlntage test !:rler.s who usc certain

builrin vord processor:

tsackspace removes the charrcter ro lc left of dte cursor'Deletc removcs the character to the right of t}Ie cursor.Home moves thc cursor to the beginning of the line.End moves the cursor to the end of the'Iine

Arrow Keys move the cursor uP, down, lcfi, or riEltrt

Enter inserts a paragraph brsk (s[atts a new iine)

Pagc Up moves the cursor up one pagc (scrcen)

Page Down moves thc cursor down one page (scrcen)

Mouse-Driven

u dtPet4ftorrs.corn

Ccnain oftcn-used featurcs of standard word-Proccssins Programs arc notavailable in the testing lvstem's word Processor For cxample' no keyboardcommands arc available for:

TA3-disabled (does not function)

Beginning,/end of docum-ent (not avaiiable)

Editing Functions

- Cuq Paste, and Undo

ln addidon to cditing ke1's, the testing system's word Processor includes

the text you wish lo cut with your mousc To paste, posi$on the mousepointer at the desired insenion spot, then click yqur mouse' Drag-anddroP

your most recent c\\t, paste, or unoo'

,GRE/GI,{AT Tesa

':eg-Jns tq8m dlqsururuad :noi pur:

.,i11rrnb rtu,r.,

ol p))u ll.no,i

.tuxx) p)unl eqt 3ur:ng

:l)qtu)u)ll sa,rr^st

:nọr

\^sJlojd-pJô\ plnoqs nol a1ql3e11r

u() sl)ploq âurtgatpurrl :no,,ị;1

,r,oJr- ,(y;nrrads:

ur a:.no,i

11 :3u1no11o;

aql r:prsuo) oslv'sirss:

oau Bunu,tpurq.i-rr uaqt ,s,(rssa

erlt:c.rd

oat tsrtrl tr:og:ossalo:d

Dlonr r asn ,qrr^\

JlqruoJuro) ,Jorrl

aq plnô\

nol sur:u:

qJ!q,4d )lns tou a:,no,(

g; 's,(rssa uattg,npwq JoJ

(Jêtol Jo

J)q3ru Jaqtr)) serof,s tuaraJJ1p

pJf,,tr ot pasodslpa:d rou

fJE srepnl

tJulqns ot tra1a,(EIIJ sJf)fn

ts)t gllg ,Jos

-s::o:d-p:or'r r

uo s{rssa rrarp asoduor

lsnrx sJa;1rl tsat JVWC

qSnoqlry

(^fuO fUC) sesuodse5 ueuFApueH

r5rsqns ol Eufrdl

'uonruw Surxraq

;rJggnrg! lo

:pnlf,u lou saop :ossaro:d

p:oar s,ruats,{s Sunsrt et1l

Erlnpaq3-.rruuu:9 puu Euppaq3-garlg

.( - ) rl JJ]J! puu

)JoJaq qloq o)Eds :

q:1,t uaqdlq

ruo Jo (-) suaqd,{q onat

Jf,rltra 3sn qszprua

uc,(J.ruirs oI g_S srJld

rn s,(essr ,(u ut

plp I

sl :snl sl sr

uaqJ Dal or ,(r:1o s,r1

.1sp:oa u31a:oy

Jo sapn

su q)ns) aullrapun Jo

e4)lTrrl asr^uarllo p1norụ no,(

spJojr JoJ sV

sJaDr_rzrl) p:Jcadg puu sarnqlJuv

JoJ sarntpsqns

'p:eoql.l4 ratnduror pllpusts r

uo rcađr lou op

r?r1r sJal)aJulf,

prr:ds ạrr :ou '3lqrl!Ể

:ou ạrz_

8rry41:apm pw srfi1r pJoq

sr qJns

Jsooqf ol nô ^3.olp

lou saop:ossero:d p:o,t s.rualsls

gupsar aq1

snDLrErJJ prtadg

pur: uopuuarJđll ,sernql4l1r sluo:I

'lufumSx/

f,nrua aqt pu:: aa,nod

trq! ams r{Errl ot

uarop,{r,r

arp JIr lloJf,s ol

JJns f0

;1aor rtdo:

aqr yo tq8p aqt

or.rzađr osJf, Jltra Jf,q

ÍloJls If,Jru)

f, 'Iscl :uaurnSJv aqt

Jog ,$.oq nod aoqs

In,$, rsar

::tnduor aqt [oJ)s

ol ^rorl

^\otDl t.uop no,( n

.asuods:.1

arpua mo,(

,t':1a ol llo:ts ol

âf,q Jl,nod ,os:o s:u11

91 u1 ,{:1 no,t arug

rcg JJoDS pr;Uan

arl|

eNl.iluM -lvJtr 'lvNV 1vr/\l9 cNV

tue lno8v.slSvj lHl

-t.lv

with ihc word proccssor r,ou'll havc x firr cxsicr time revising an

(makc rn appoin(mcnt) for thc GRE Gencr.rl Tcsr Othcnvisc, 1'ou

atr)t GRE scores to you or to thc schools mll take up to s/x rrccL:.s

procedural points:

For each writing, task, thc tcsting supervisor wi.ll provide a special

E55AY EVALUATION AND SCORING

single Analvdcal writing scorc (not two separate scores) on a scxle from 0

to 6 will be awarded and then reponed to you and to the schools to -

-evaluation, scoring, and reponing proccss

Within a short time aftcr t}le tcsr (10-15 days), your rwo AnalFica.l writing

members th.at ETS commissions 3nd trains speciqcall)' for ttris purposc.-GR! and GM]\T readers arc drawn from'\afious academic arsrs-mostfrom the fields of English and Communicadons

thc rwo rcaders' scores differ bJ'more than one Point; an addition2l, veq'cxpericnced reader will rcld that cssav and adjudicate the discrcpanc)'

GRE/GLUT TesLt urunapetc*orts.com

utoJ suosratad ohtct

a

,,uosJo

'sn)Jl:

)siu) ur s^\ull Jourul

!r nr r:u., n,,, ,., ;;f

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suapl s,,{rss) arll

r^rsrrur.ro :sn aq:

aq

pJo^r ''"uru'EJa

rn sroJJa luollururund pur

'3q1ads 'a3usn

do:r'rnr,;;;';;;:il^TJ,'J:;"'iH:iJi,1J,.li,3iffi

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idgors JBltruJo runs

eqr ^!o[oJ ororjir^"

pw nuD

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a7o

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sr JapDJJ

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Brn:u,t rnol salznpaa ,rp"r,

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a,Ir -rog :

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'IIle

(Ourtstanding)

onc i|l ir thoughrfttl nrlnncr

c x a m p l c s

puncturtion-but mx)' conain minor flarvs in thcse arcas

Ttle crireria for lower scores are the same as the ones suggested aboveithe onll'di-fference is th:rt the smndard for quxlin' decreases for succcssivelv lower scot€s

lvhile rwo buman rcaders evaluate -vour GMAT essals (one reader per

El-ammar, syntDi (sentence structure), repetitiveness (overuse of the samephnses) sentence length, and speling ln man)'respec6, E-Rater is similar

ro the grammrr- and spell{heckers built into populrr word-processingprogrnms such as Word and WordPerfect However, E Rater is custom-desittned for ETS ro weilh cert2.in criteria more heavih'than other criteria.For insnnce, very little weight is given to minor mechanjcal errors (e.8., in

- - - fu-arnmtr (e.g., use of the passive voice) and flalis cen in problems (c.9.,repetitiveness) that off-the-sheu checkers miSht not Of course, EReter is

or i'useful to a point lt c.annot evaluate your id.eas or hos' Pcrsursivcl)'you've presented "nd supponed those ideas That's what human rcadcrsarc for

GRUGMAT Tcsts

uoJ suostntd.J ntnt

|

'uouata

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ar{t ol

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uollnnp^f, s,O J3p[aI

<

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u! s,DH

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lq prpr?,rD

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jo tSrJe^t :qr sl

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'(,ftssa rnqr JoJ

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sr 9) s[E^rrll4

rulod-f,toqa tn 9-O Jo turs r

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lnoBv Sl3Vl IHl IV

Computation of GIr{AT Analytical wriring Scores

Here are the specific sreps invojvcd in calcutrlinF vour GITAT Aratytjcal' W n r i n E

s c o r r

diffcrcnl hunr:rn rcrder witl rcnd nn(t scorL Iour Argumcnr css;r)._Each rerdcr \f ill r\\'ard x sinSts score on :r scatc of 0-6 in

whotc.poinr inrer\':lls (6 is highest)_

3 For cirher esssr'ifrhe human rexder's scorc diffe$ from E-Illrer,s

s c o r c b\ more tltrn onc poinr, rh(n J seco d human rerder \vill

bc disregarded)

4, For e3ch essat, )'our iintl score is the :rveragc of the scores award€d

final scores for your individual essals; scores arc rounded up tothe nearcsr half-poinr

llcr€'s an example showing how the CI,./\T essl).scorins sysrem workj:

3.5 Frnxl score for rhc lssue

3.5 Fnnl Arabltical lv/iting scorc

Jusr ar for each mulriplc<hoice sccrion ofdre cItE and ciL\T, you,lt reccive

a pe.ccnrilc rrl from 0-99 percenr, foryour pcr{t nnance in Anal},tical.wrjring.,{

percearile mnk of60 pcrcenr, for cxample, indicarcs that youscored higher rhar 60 pcrceni of all othcrresr tdic.s (and towcr rhan 40 per-ccnt of all od)c.rcsr la]{ers) percenrilc mnks rellecr I,our perfonnancc rcta-

riod, nor just tiosc resr tnkcrs responding ro the same essay lopics as you

'GRE/GMAT TesLt

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NOTE: frrlicr in Pan I, indicated t}le criteria for top scorin8 cssays'

To hclp you frrther in cvaluating atrd scoringyour di,gnoscic ctsaF ar

provided samplc bencbmark tesponses fot the same lssue and Argu'rncnr 3s s'ell-a5 ltks to *re tcsr m2l{db'omcial scoring critcria for'cach

Tine timit: 45 i'Iinttes (GRt) or 30 flinutes (GLIAT)

"kisurc iime is becomjtg an incr€asiflgly rJre commodity' 1ffgdybecause rcchtoloSl' has feiied to achieve ils Soal of improYing our

Discuss !h€ exent to whicb you agree or disagrcc wirh t})e forcsoingstaremen!, Suppolt your persPective using re'lons md/or cxamPlesfrom your cxPcricnce, observation' reading, or acadcmic studics

Titne litttit: 30 Milt tesThc folowit8 appeared in rn advertisemcnt for Unitcd ]uotors trucksi

"l3st veal, the locrl reievision-ncws ProS'am J'' Focu reponed in its

manulacturcr Now Urlitcd is devcloping 2 oncof'a-kind computcrizcocralh waming sys(cm for'3ll its tflcks Clcarly,znyone conccmcowith srfcw reho is iJ) lbe marke! for a ncw tmck this -ve should buy

thin8, would help you bcder cvaluatc ils conclusron'

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Compose.,vour essay (GRI: 30 mirr., GMAT: 20 Inin')

GMAT: 3 min.)Refile yoru essay (GRE: 10 rdrr., GMAT: 5 rnin')

7 Revic\\, and r€vise for coherencc and balancc (GRE: 6 min , GN'|AT:

3 min.)

8 Proofread for siSnficant mechanic:rl problcms (GRE: 4 min, GMAT:

2 mifl)

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each one to re following arvo simulxt€d lssrle sutemcnts:

Issuc Sr":rtcmcnt 1-Thc bcst wiy to cnsure Prorection and Prescrvation of out natu'jrlenvironment is through Sovemment reSulatotl'measures We cannot

lssue St:rtement 2

ccatain casesi Break tt apart tnto r'ro distinc! claims, eithcr oiwhich you tiay or

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irs timc tocomposc ir you,ll bcgin wilb a brief introducroD, pafagraph in which youshould accomplish eech of lhc followirq Llsksl

1 Demonstrate thar you undcrstand the complexitics or implica_tions of tl)e issue

2 l-cr the eadcr knos rhai you hivc a ctear perspecrive on thc