Tài liệu Introducing Transactions docx

The first INSERT statement will add a row to the Customers table, and the second one will add a row to the Orders table.. The new row in the Orders table will reference the new row in th

Introducing Transactions

transaction is then committed or rolled back as one unit For example, in the case of a banking transaction, you might want to withdraw money from one account and deposit it into another You would then commit both of these changes as one unit, or if there's a problem, roll back both changes You'll be introduced to using transactions in ADO.NET

in this section

There are three Transaction classes: SqlTransaction, OleDbTransaction, and

OdbcTransaction, and you use an object of one of these classes to represent a transaction

in ADO.NET I'll show you how to use an object of the SqlTransaction class in this section

Let's consider an example transaction that consists of two INSERT statements The first INSERT statement will add a row to the Customers table, and the second one will add a row to the Orders table The new row in the Orders table will reference the new row in the Customers table, and the two INSERT statements are as follows:

INSERT INTO Customers

CustomerID, CompanyName

) VALUES

'J3COM', 'Jason Price Corporation'

)

INSERT INTO Orders (

CustomerID

) VALUES (

'J3COM'

)

You can use the following steps to perform these two INSERT statements using a

SqlTransaction object:

1 Create a SqlTransaction object and start the transaction by calling the

BeginTransaction() method of the SqlConnection object

2 Create a SqlCommand object to hold the SQL statement

3 Set the Transaction property for the SqlCommand object to the SqlTransaction object created in step 1

4 Set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to the first INSERT statement This INSERT statement adds a row to the Customers table

5 Run the first INSERT statement using the ExecuteNonQuery() method of the SqlCommand object This method is used because an INSERT statement doesn't return a result set

6 Set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to the second INSERT statement This statement adds a row to the Orders table

7 Run the second INSERT statement using the ExecuteNonQuery() method of the SqlCommand object

8 Commit the transaction using the Commit() method of the SqlTransaction object This makes the two new rows added by the INSERT statements permanent in the database

Listing 8.9: EXECUTETRANSACTION.CS

/*

ExecuteTransaction.cs illustrates the use of a transaction

*/

using System;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

class ExecuteTransaction

{

public static void Main()

{

SqlConnection mySqlConnection =

new SqlConnection(

"server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa"

);

mySqlConnection.Open();

// step 1: create a SqlTransaction object and start the transaction

// by calling the BeginTransaction() method of the SqlConnection

// object

SqlTransaction mySqlTransaction =

mySqlConnection.BeginTransaction();

// step 2: create a SqlCommand object to hold a SQL statement

SqlCommand mySqlCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();

// step 3: set the Transaction property for the SqlCommand object

mySqlCommand.Transaction = mySqlTransaction;

// step 4: set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to

// the first INSERT statement

mySqlCommand.CommandText =

"INSERT INTO Customers (" +

" CustomerID, CompanyName" +

") VALUES (" +

" 'J3COM', 'Jason Price Corporation'" +

")";

// step 5: run the first INSERT statement

Console.WriteLine("Running first INSERT statement");

mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

// step 6: set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to

// the second INSERT statement

mySqlCommand.CommandText =

"INSERT INTO Orders (" +

" CustomerID" +

") VALUES (" +

" 'J3COM'" +

")";

// step 7: run the second INSERT statement

Console.WriteLine("Running second INSERT statement");

mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

// step 8: commit the transaction using the Commit() method

// of the SqlTransaction object

Console.WriteLine("Committing transaction");

mySqlTransaction.Commit();

mySqlConnection.Close();

}

}

Note If you wanted to undo the SQL statements that make up the transaction, you can use

the Rollback() method instead of the Commit() method By default, transactions are rolled back Always use the Commit() or Rollback() methods to explicitly indicate

whether you want to commit or roll back your transactions

The output from this program is as follows:

Running first INSERT statement

Running second INSERT statement

Committing transaction

If you want to run the program more than once, you'll need to remove the row added to the Customers and Orders table using the following DELETE statements (you can do this using the Query Analyzer tool):

DELETE FROM Orders

WHERE CustomerID = 'J3COM'

DELETE FROM Customers

WHERE CustomerID = 'J3COM'