Reflesive pronouns 1 I me my mine myself 2 you you your yours yourself/ yourselves 3 we us our ours ourselves 4 they them their theirs themselves 5 he him his his himself 6 she her her h[r]
Trang 1PASSIVE VOICE (Thể Bị Động)
S: chủ ngữ V: Động từ O: Tân ngữ A1: Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thể cách A2: Trạng từ chỉ thời gian Vpp: quá khứ phân từ: Ved/ V3 So: Chủ ngữ được đổi từ tân ngữ trong câu chủ động Os: Tân ngữ được đổi từ chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động
1 Simple present:
(+) S + V-s/ es + O + A1+ A2
→ So + am/ is/ are + Vpp + A1+ By Os + A2
(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V.Bare + O +A1 +A2
→ So + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t + Vpp + A1 + By Os +A2
(?)Do/ Does + S + V.Bare + O + A1 + A2?
→ Am/ is/ are + So + Vpp + A1+ By Os + A2?
2 Simple past:
(+) S + V2/ V-ed + O+ A1 + A2
→ So + was/ were + Vpp +A1+ By Os + A2.
(-) S + didn’t + V + O +A1 +A2
→ So + wasn’t/ weren’t+ Vpp + A1+ By Os+ A2.
(?) Did + S + V.Bare + O +A1 +A2?
→ Was/ Were + So + Vpp + A1 +By Os + A2?
3 Present perfect:
(+) S + have/ has + (adv) + Vpp + O +A1 +A2
→ So + have/ has + (adv) + been + Vpp + A1 +By Os + A2
(-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + (adv) + Vpp + O +A1 +A2.
→ So+ haven’t/ hasn’t + (adv)+ been+ Vpp+ A1+ByOs +A2
(?) Have/ Has + S + (adv) + Vpp + O +A1 +A2?
→ Have/ has + So + (adv) + been + Vpp + A1 +By Os +A2?
4 Modal: ( Must, can/ could, may/ might, will/
would, shall/ should, have to, used to, ought to, had to/ has to/ be going to.)
(+) S + Modal + V.Bare + O +A1+ A2
→ So + Modal + Be + Vpp + A1 +By Os +A2.
(-) S + Modal + not + V.Bare + O +A1+ A2
→ So+ Modal not+ Be+ Vpp + A1 +By Os +A2.
(?)Modal + S + V.Bare + O +A1+ A2 ?
→ Modal + So + Be + Vpp + A1 +By Os +A2
?
5 Present continuous:
(+) S + am/ is/ are + V- ing + O +A1 +A2
→ So + am/ is/ are + Being + Vpp +A1+ By Os +A2.
(-) S + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t + V- ing + O +A1 +A2
→ So+ amnot/ isn’t/ aren’t + Being + Vpp +A1+ ByOs +A2.
(?) Am/ is/ are + S + V- ing + O +A1 +A2 ?
→ Am/ is/ are + So + Being + Vpp +A1+ By Os +A2?
6 Past continuous:
(+) S + were/ was + V- ing + O +A1 +A2
→So + were/was+ Being+ Vpp +A1+ By Os +A2.
(-) S + weren’t/wasn’t + V- ing + O +A1 +A2
→ So+weren’t/wasn’t+Being+Vpp+A1+ByOs +A2.
(?) Were/ was + S + V- ing + O +A1 +A2 ?
→ Were/ was+ So+ Being+ Vpp+A1+ ByOs +A2?
Chú ý: By Os cĩ thể bỏ đi nếu So là : HE, SHE, YOU, THEY, I, WE, PEOPLE, SOMEONE, ANYONE, SOMEBODY, ANYBODY
WISH SENTENCES: CÂU ƯỚC
1 Câu ước có thể thực hiện ở tương lai: next week, tomorrow, tonight
S + WISH(ES) + (THAT) + S + WOULD/ COULD/ SHOULD + V.Bare +……
2 Câu ước không thể thực hiện ở hiện tại: now, at the moment….
S + WISH(ES)+ (THAT) + S + Ved/ V2/ WERE (cho tất cả các ngôi)
Nhưng nếu áp dụng bài tập viết lại câu với WISH ta áp dụng như sau:
S+ WISH(ES) + (THAT)+ S + IS/AM/ARE → WEREN’T
ISN’T/ AMNOT/ AREN’T → WERE V1/ Vs/ Ves → DIDN’T + V1
DON’T/ DOESN’T + V1 → Ved / V2 Can/ may/ will/ shall…→ Couldn’t/ mighten’t/ wouldn’t/ shouldn’t Can’t/ maynot/ won’t/ shall not….→ Could/ might/ would/ should
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE – CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1/loại 1: Cĩ thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If + V(simple present tense) S+ V ( future simple tense)
2/ Loại 2: Khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Simple present tense: is/ am/ are/ V1/ Vs/ Ves/ Don't V1/ Doesn't V1
Trang 2Simple future tense: will V1/ shall V1
Simple past tense: were/ Ved/ V2/ Didn't V1
Past subjuntive: Would V1/ could V1/ should V1/ Might V1
PREPOSITIONS IN: the morning, august, summer, 2006, uniform, hospital, bed, the world, debt, prison, English, the center of,
the middle of, some ways, addition, Vietnam, London, ink, the past/ future, case
ON: Monday, Saturday morning, holiday, radio, subject, foot, a farm, a chair, the beach, the phone, Christmas
Day, the occasion, the south coast of, a picnic, the way to, time, a street, a floor, the right/ left, sale, the corner
AT: 5 o’clock, first, last, present, the moment, 16 years old, the age of (15), home, school, the bus stop, the same
time, a party, Mary’s house, the end of, the beginning of, night, least, once, times, work
others: for a week/ fun/ reading/ a walk - from Paris to London, from nine to five- By Nguyen Du, by shooting, by
then, by the way, by far, by accident by car/ bus/ taxi/ plane - with smoke, with hands, out of date/ work/ order
REPORT SPEECH
Muốn chuyển một câu trực tiếp sang một câu gián tiếp ta phải chuyển 3 thành tố : Ngôi, động từ và
Trạng từ thời gian và nơi chốn.
1/ NGÔ I:
2 you you your yours yourself/ yourselves
Chú ý: Cột 1đổi thành cột 5 hoặc 6 Cột 3 đổi thành cột 4 cột 2 đổi phù hợp với tân ngữ trong câu có ngoặc kép Cột 4, 5, 6 không đổi
2/ THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ :
V1/ Vs/ Ves Ved/ V2 Am/ is/ are Were/ was
Am/ is/ are + V-ing Were/ Was + V-ing Has/ have + Vpp Had+ Vpp
Was/ were + V-ing Chính nó/ had been V-ing Ved/ V2 Had + Vpp/ Chính nó
Shall/ will + V1 Should/ would + V1 Should/ would + V1 Chính nó/
Should/ would + been + V1 Can/ may + V1 Could/ might + V1 Has to/ have to/must
+ V1
Had to + V1
3/ TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN VÀ NƠI CHỐN:
Today/ tonight That day/ that night yesterday The day before/ the previous day Last month The month before/ the previous month Last week The week before/ the previous week Last night The night before/ the previous day Two days Ago Two days Before/ earlier
tomorrow The next day/ the following day Next + time The following + time/
the next + time/ a + time + later
CÁC DẠNG TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP:
1/ AFFIRMATIVE/ NEGATIVE STATEMENTS : ( Câu phát biểu khẳng định/ phủ định)
- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật ( ngoài ngoặc kép) là: hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, tương lai
đơn ta chỉ chuyển 1 thành tố ngôi trong lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: he says: " I will go to Ha Noi tomorrow" → He says he will go to Hanoi tomorrow.
- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật ( ngoài ngoặc kép) là:
SAY TO → TELL SAID TO → TOLD SAID → SAID (THAT)
Trang 3Eg: Nga said: " I have to help my mom this afternoon"→ Nga said that she had to help her mom that
afternoon
Lan said to Nam: " I can help you here" → Lan told Nam she could help him there
2/ YES/ NO QUESTIONS ( Câu hỏi phải / khô ng)
Trực
tiếp S Asked/ said to Someone ( một ai đó) "Does/ do/ did S V1 ?"
Gián
tiếp S
Asked ( hỏi)
Wondered (tự hỏi)
Inquired (hỏi)
Wanted to know
Someone If/ whether S Ved/ V2
Trực
tiếp S Asked/ said to Someone ( một ai đó) "Can/ shall/ will/ may/ must S V1 ?"
Gián
tiếp S
Asked ( hỏi)
Wondered (tự hỏi)
Inquired (hỏi)
Wanted to know
Someone If/ whether S Could/ should/ would/ might/ had to + V1
Trực
tiếp S Asked/ said to Someone ( một ai đó) "Be / have/has S V-ing/ Vpp ?"
Gián
tiếp S
Asked ( hỏi)
Wondered (tự hỏi)
Inquired (hỏi)
Wanted to know
Someone If/ whether S Were/ was+ v-ing/
Had + Vpp
Chú ý: Trong câu gián tiếp chúng ta phải dổi 3 thành tố như trên, công thức trên chỉ giải thích vị trí từng
thành tố tro câu
Eg: Lan said to Nam: " Do you like birds?" → Lan asked Nam if/ whether he liked birds
Lan said to Nam: " Can you help me? → Lan asked Nam if/ whether he could help her
Lan said to Nam: " have you been to Hanoi? → Lan asked Nam If/ Whether he had been to HaNoi
3/ WH- QUESTIONS: ( Câu hỏi W h)
Trực
tiếp S Asked/ said to Someone ( một ai đó) Wh- question "Does/ do/did S V1 ?"
Gián
tiếp S
Asked ( hỏi)
Wondered (tự hỏi)
Inquired (hỏi)
Wanted to know
Someone
Wh- question
S Ved/ V2
Trực
tiếp S Asked/ said to
Someone ( một ai đó)
Wh- question
"Can/
shall/ will/
may/ must
S V1 ?"
Gián
tiếp S
Asked ( hỏi)
Wondered (tự hỏi)
Inquired (hỏi)
Wanted to know
Someone
Wh- question S
Could/
should/
would/
might/ had to
+ V1
Trực
tiếp S Asked/ said to
Someone ( một ai đó) Wh- question "Be / have/has S V-ing/ Vpp ?"
Gián
tiếp S
Asked ( hỏi)
Wondered (tự hỏi)
Inquired (hỏi)
Wanted to know
Someone
Wh- question S Were/ was+ v-ing/
Had + Vpp
Chú ý: Trong câu gián tiếp chúng ta phải dổi 3 thành tố như trên, công thức trên chỉ giải thích vị trí từng thành tố tro câu
Eg: Lan said to Nam: " What do you like ?" → Lan asked Nam what he liked
Lan said to Nam: " How can you help me? → Lan asked Nam how he could help her
Lan said to Nam: " when have you been to Hanoi? → Lan asked Nam when he had been to HaNoi
4/ Imperatives ( m nh l nh) ệ ệ
Trực tiếp S Asked/ said Someone ( một ai đó) "V/ Not V "
Gián tiếp S Asked ( hỏi) Someone To/ not to + V
Trang 4Told/ order Eg: Nga said to Nam: " open your book" → Nga told Nam to open his book
TAG- QUESTIONS ( CÂU HỎI ĐUƠI)
Là câu hỏi " phải khơng", nhằm giúp người hỏi khẳng định lại hay chắc chắn thơng tin.
1 Nếu câu đứng trước ở thể xác định, thì ở " phải khơng" ở thể phủ định và ngược lại.
2 Hình thức ở thể phủ định trong câu " phải khơng" phải ở thể tĩnh lược.
3 Trong câu " phải khơng " phải dùng đại từ nhân xưng.
CỤ THỂ NHƯ SAU:
Is/ are/ were/ was/ Isn't/ aren't/ weren't/ wsn't Ved/ V2 Didn't V1
V1/ Vs/ Ves Don't V1/ doesn't V1 Have Vpp/ Has Vpp Haven't Vpp/ Hasn't Vpp
Chú ý: nếu câu đầu cĩ: never/ nowhere/ nothing/ nobody/ hardly/ scarcely/ rarely/ ever/ seldomlittle/ few/ thì trong câu phải khơng động từ phải dùng ở thể khẳng định.
Adverb clauses
1 Adverb clauses with “so”: Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ bắt đầu liên SO (vì vậy) diễn tả một nguyên nhân dẫn đến một kết quả
S + V +…, so + S + V….
-He didn’t work hard for the examination, so he failed
( He failed because he didn’t work hard for the examination)
2 Adverb clauses with “so/such….that”: là mệnh đề trạng ngữ nối một nguyên nhân với một kết quả bằng cách sử dụng so/such…….that
S + V +…So + adjective/ adverb+ that + S + V….
Jim is so intelligent that he always understands what I say
S + V +…such (a/an) + noun +that + S + V….
She is such a good student that all her teachers like her
Gerund
Gerund : ( V+ ing ) : after some verbs
1) Mind, enjoy, finish, like, dislike, love, hate, avoid, admit (c«ng nhËn, thõa nhËn),
deny, keep, suggest, feel like, practice, imagine, risk…
Ex : Tom enjoyed watching TV He disliked playing football
2) Phrasar verbs : Give up, go on, keep on, insist on
Ex : My father gave up smoking many years ago.
3) Expressions + V-ing
Can’t help
Can’t stand
It’s worth
It’s no use/ good
4) Preposition + V-ing.
+ V-ing
Trang 5Tenses CÁCH CHIA DẤU HIỆU
Hiện tại đơn
SIMPLE
PRESENT
+ Khẳng định:
Sn, I + V.bare
Si + V-s/ es m
b, g, n, l, d, v, m, r + s
f, k, p, t, ay, uy,+ s phu âm + y ies
o, x, s, z, sh, ch + es
+ Phủ định: Sn + DO NOT + V.Bare.
Si + DOES NOT + V.Bare.
+ Nghi vấn: DO / DOES + S + nV.Bare?
+ WH: WH + DO / DOES + S + V Bare?
(Be) Am, is, are/ (Have) Have, has
Always: luôn luôn, often: thường hay, Usually: thường khi, Sometimes: thỉnh thoảng, Hardly: hiếm khi, Never:
không bao giờ Once a week: mỗi tuần một lần.
In the morning/ afternoon/ evening: vào buổi sáng/ chiều/ tối - everyday
On Mondays/ at weekends: vào các thứ hai, cuối tuần.
In spring/ summer/ autumn/ winter: vào các mùa xuân/ hạ/ thu/ đông.
Quá khứ đơn
SIMPLE
PAST
1 (be): I, he, she, it + Was / You, they, we + Were
2 Modals: (can/ could, may/ might, will/ would, shall/ should, must/ have to/ had to)
3
+ KĐ: S + V_ed/ V2 (Bất qui tắc)
+ PĐ: S + DID NOT + V.Bare.
+ NV: DID + S + V.Bare?
+ WH: WH + DID + S + V.Bare?
Yesterday: hôm qua/ Last night: đêm qua/ In 1979 < now/ (3 days) ago: cách đây……
Tương lai
đơn
SIMPLE
FUTURE
+ KĐ: S WILL + V.Bare
+ PĐ: S + WILL NOT (WON’T) + V.Bare
+ NV: SHALL/ WILL + S + V.Bare.
+ WH: WH + SHALL/ WILL + S + V Bare?
Tomorrow: ngày mai, Tonight: tối nay, Next (week): tuần tới
In 2020 > now someday: ngày nào đó soon: chẳng bao lâu nữa
Hiện tại
hoàn thành
PRESENR
PERFECT
+ KĐ: Sn, I + HAVE + (ADV) + V3.
Si + HAS + (ADV) + V3.
+ PĐ: Sn, I + HAVE NOT/ HAS NOT (ADV) + V3.
+ NV: HAVE/ HAS + S + V3?
+ WH: WH + HAVE/ HAS + S + V3?
Since: từ khi / For: trong khoảng/ So far = up to now = up to present (đến bây giờ)
Just: vừa mới, Lately = Recently: gần đây, once/ twice: một/ hai lần
Ever: đã từng Yet: chưa Before: trước đây already: rồi
Trang 6Hiện tại tiếp
diễn
PRESENT
PROGRESSI
VE
+ KĐ: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + V- ing.
+ PĐ: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + NOT + V- ing.
+ NV: AM/ IS/ ARE + S + V- ing?
+ WH: WH + AM/ IS/ ARE + S + V-ing?
Look! Nhìn kìa! Listen! Hãy lắng nghe: Now = at present = at the moment: bây giờ;
Bỏ e: make making / come coming
- Gấp đôi phụ âm: stop stopping/ run running
- Không bỏ y: study studying/ enjoy enjoying
QK tiếp diễn
PAST
PROGRESSIVE
+ KĐ: S + WAS/ WERE + V- ing (I was) + PĐ: S + WASN’T/ WEREN’T + V- ing.
+ NV: WAS/ WERE + S + V-ing?
+ WH: WH + WAS/ WERE + S + V- ing?
At this time yesterday: vào lúc này hôm qua At that time/ Then: Lúc đó.
- Hai hay nhiều hành động song song: Kèm với When/ While.
When I came home, Hoa was watching TV, my aunt was reading.
PART II
Give the correct form of the verbs in the blankets:
………
………
2. Most rivers (flow) into the sea
………
………
3. My father (buy) four tickets 3 days ago We (see) the film Dream City tomorrow
……….………
4. She (be) here when I (come) last night
………
………
5. I’m sorry you’re leaving I hope you (come) back and (see) us soon
……….………
6. My aunt (enjoy) (listen) to country music
………
………
7. Susan (make) a new dress while her (go) out
………
………
………
………
……….………
10.Yesterday I (be) busy, so I (not have) time to phone you
………
………
Trang 711.I (not have) breakfast this morning, but I’m not hungry
………
………
12..Look out! She (fall) on the rail ………
………
13.Where we (spend) the night tonight? – I think we (come) to the festival ………
14..My friend (get) married in August this year ………
15.The ambulance is coming I (wave) to the driver ………
16.You (invite) the newcomers of our class to the party? ………
17.There are a lot of black clouds in the sky It (rain) ………
18.Mozart (play) the piano when he (be) three years old ………
19.My family (watch) T.V every night But now we (listen) to pop music ………
20.If we use much pesticide on vegetables, we (live) a happy life
………
………
21 I (buy) this picture along time ago, but you (not see) it for age ………
………
22.I have lost my key I (find) it when I (look) for something else ………
………
23.What you (do), Tan? I (write) a letter I (write) them every week ………
………
24.We (not see) him last year He (leave) for Ho Chi Minh ………
………
25.I am glad that I (meet) my parents next week ……….………
26.What you (do) last night? – I (go) to my aunt’s house ………
………
Trang 827.The ambulance is coming I (wave) to the driver.
………
28.You (invite) the newcomers of our class to the party last night?
………
29.She (go) on a camping trip if she (have) enough time
………
30.At 7:00 pm last night he (watch) TV with his wife, but now he (listen) to
music………
31. My friend (live) in HCM City since he (be) eleven
………
32.What you (do) last night? - I (stay) at home
………
33.How long they (learn) English? - They (learn) English for two years
………
34.I (be) at Tam’s house last night, but I (cook) dinner at home at the moment
……….………
………
36.If the weather (be) fine tomorrow, we (go) on a picnic
………
37.Daisy (cook) in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the morning
……….………
38.The children (play) football when the mother (come) back yesterday
………
39.What she (do) tomorrow morning? – She (play) chess with her father
………
40.Children shouldn’t (drink) coffee It (not be) good for your health
………
41.She (see) that film 10 years ago It (be) very cold yesterday I (cook) dinner at present
………
………
43.I (not have) breakfast this morning, but I (be) not hungry now
………
44.I used to live when I (be) a young girl
………
Trang 945.Where we (spend) the night tonight? – I think we (come) to the festival.
………
46.My friend (get) married in August next year
………
47.I have a broken leg I (fall) over when I (play) soccer
………
………
48..My brother (come) home last night He (not get) up yet
………
………
49.We (not see) him since he ( go) to university
………
………
50. Green (teach) English in this school since he (graduate) from this university in 1986 ………
51 Yesterday, Hoa and her aunt (go) to the market
.………
52 Vegetables often ( have ) dirt from the farm on them
.………
53 When ………you ……… (buy) this dress? –Tow days ago
.………
54 Why (be) you absent from school yesterday?
.………
55 I (be) fourteen years old next week
.………
56 They ( perform) “Romeo and Juliet “ last Sunday
.………
57 Lan’s family always(watch )TV in the evening
.………
58 My father ( play ) roller-skating when he (be ) a child
.………
59.Supply the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets
60.The Pikes (move) to London since 2002.
61.She (eat) a lot of fruit yesterday
62.People (speak) English in India long time ago
63.They (practice) their music lesson at 7 o’clock last night
64.Thu (look) after her little brother next Sunday.
65.They (know) each other quite well for years.
66.It usually (rain) ………in the
summer
67.She (win) ………the gold medal in
1986
68.They (build) ………a house by June
next year
Trang 1069.I wish I (can) ………speak French 70.They wish they (get) ………good grades 71.The earth (circle) ………the sun once every 365 days 72.Mai (buy) some new story books yesterday.
73.The students (play) baseball at the moment.
74.The kids (sleep) when the bell rang
75.Kim (tell) us some fairy tales last night.
76.Uyen (take) a bus to school everyday.
77.They (leave) for Hanoi yesterday.
78.Lan (borrow) some books from the library since Monday.
79.My grandfather (live) in HCM city for ten years.
80.Their parents (go) out for dinner last night.
81.Women (have) to do the housework long ago.
82.The girls (sew) some clothes for their new dolls now.
83.I wish you (write) ………more carefully in the future 84.Rivers usually (flow) ……… to the sea.
85.Don’t worry I (give) ………him your message when I (see)
……… him
86.I (meet) ……… Jane 3 weeks ago I (not talk)
……… to her last week
87.How often……… she (go) ……… fishing? – She (go)
……… once a year
88.I (come) ………home, (open) ………the door, and (find)
……… nothing in my house
89.I last (see) ……… him since last Sunday.
90.She (play) ……… the piano when our guest (arrive)
……… last night
91.Look! The man (run) …… ……… after the
train
92.Mr Green (teach) ……… ……… English here since he (graduate) ……… from the
university in 1986
93.The light (go) ……… out when we (have)
……… dinner
94.He (write) ……… a novel for two years but he not (finish)
……… it yet
95.Listen! I (think) ……… some one (knock)
……… at the door
96.What……… you (do)
……… at 7 PM last night?
97.Be quiet! The baby (cry) ……….
98.They (prepare) ……… the Christmas at the moment 99.Hurry up! The train (come) ……….
100 She (not take) ……… them at the moment.
101 Daisy (just wash) ……… the cup Now they are very
clean
102 ……… You (see)
……… a good film lately?
103 I last saw her when she (live) ……… in Hue.
104 A: You (ever see) ……… the comedy “ Mr Bean”?