on tap anh 9 hk 2

Diễn tả hành động và sự việc dang sảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.. Diễn tả hành động và sự việc đang sảy ra động từ chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, thì một hành động khác

Ngữ pháp tiếng anh lớp 9 dùng để ôn thi vào cấp III (Năm học 2010 - 2011)

I.Câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp :

1.Với câu trần thuật : S + said (that) S +V(lùi một thì về quá khứ)

ex.She said : “I am a student” She said that She was a student

2.Với câu Yes/No Question: S +asked + O if/whether S+ V lùi một thì về quá khứ )

ex She said to me : “can you speak English fluently?”

She asked me if I could speak English fluently.

3.Với câu mệnh lệnh : S + asked/told +O +(not) + to +V(inf)

ex “Don’t make noise here”,Lan said to Hoa.

Lan asked Hoa not to make noise there

4 Với câu hỏi Wh – Questions :

S + asked + O + Wh + S + V(lùi một thì về quá khứ).

ex “Where do you live?” She said to me

She asked me Where I lived

 Note: cách chuyển một số trạng từ từ câu trực tiếp sang gián

tiếp:

yesterday the day before/ the previous day

tomorrow the next day/ the following day

last night/ week/ month the privious day/ week

Change these following sentences into reported speech

1 “I often go to school before 7 o’clock” Nam said

Nam said………

2 “All the students will have a meeting next week”, Thu said

Thu said ………

3 “My parents are very proud of my good marks”, Phong said

Phong said ………

4 “You should stay home and do the homework”, Lan said to Tam

Lan ………

5 “You ought to clean your room”, Lien said to her brother

Lien ………

6 “All the homework must be done at home” the teacher said The teacher said ………

7 “I can swim across the river”, Tam said Tam said ………

8 “You can go to the movie with your friend”, her father said to her Her father said………

9 “I may visit my parents this summer”, Hoa said Hoa said ………

10 “You should finish our homework before going out for lunch”, the students said The students………

11 “Where does your father work?”, the teacher asked me

………

12 “How far is it from Hanoi to Nghean?” Hoa asked Lan

………

13 “How many people are there in your family?”, She asked Mai

………

14 “How long will you stay in Singapore?”, Tam’s friend asked him

1

15 “What’s your hobby?”, The teacher asked Lan

………

16 “Why do you collect the waste paper?”, He asked Huong

………

17 “When will you visit Hanoi?”, Hoa asked her parents

………

18 “What language do you speak?”, Mrs Brown asked Thu

………

19 “What should we do to help the poor children?”, the teacher asked the students

………

20 “Do you enjoy reading books?”, Phong asked Peter

………

21 “Does your mother like sports?”, Hoa asked Lan

………

22 “Do your children like watching cartoons on TV?”, our teacher asked the man

………

23 “Are there any oranges in the fridge?”, she asked her mom

………

24 “Will it rain tomorrow evening?”, Tinh asked Hung

………

25 “Will you be free next Sunday?”, Ha asked Loan

………

26 “Can you speak Chinese?”, she asked me

………

27 “Should we keep our room warm?”, Lan asked he teacher

………

28 “May I a look at your picture? ”, Lan asked Hoa

………

29 “What is your name?”, The teacher asked me

………

30 “Will I ever find a job?”, Tim asked to himself

………

31 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?”, Mary asked

………

32 “Please don’t talk during the test,” the teacher said to the students

………

33 “When does the course begin?, ”Ann asked the director

………

34 “Have you got this sweater in a bigger size?” She asked the shop assistant

2

35 “You’ll be all right, Jane” said the ambulance driver

………

36 “If I were you, I wouldn’t give him any more money,” she said

She advised ………

37 “Please turn down the radio for me,” said the father

My father asked me ………

38 “When do your children go swimming?”, She asked Mrs Brown

She ………

39 “Why is she crying?” Thu asked Hoa

Thu asked Hoa ………

40 “Are Tam and Hoa late for school?”, Tuan asked Lan

Tuan asked Lan ………

II.Câu chủ động và bị động:

1.Với thì hiện tại đơn : S + V(hiện tại đơn) + O +

S + am/is/are +PP + by + O

ex I / buy/ a new house/ today

A new house/ is / bought/ today / by me

2.Với thì quá khứ đơn : S + V(qua khứ đơn) + O +

S + was/were +PP + by +O

ex Lan / bought/ a new dress / yesterday

A new dress / was/ bought / yesterday / by Lan

3 Với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn : S + am/is/are + Ving + O +

S + am/is/are + being + PP + + by + O

ex Lan / is writing / a letter / at 9 O’clock last night

A letter / is being written / at 9 O’clock last night / by Lan

4 Với thì quá khứ tiếp diễn : S + was/were + Ving + O +

S + was/were being + PP + by + O

ex She / was doing / her homework / at 5 O’clock yesterday

Her homework / was being done / at 5 O’clock yesterday by her

5 Với thì hiện tại hoàn thành : S + has/ have + PP + O +

S + has/have + been + PP + by + O

ex Nam / has bought / a new house / since 1990

A new house / has been bought / since 1990 / by Nam

6.Với động từ khuyết thiếu (Model Verbs):can/could/should/may/might/have to/has

to/had to/used to/ought to/must/ be going to + V(inf)

S +MD + V(inf) + O +

S + MD +be + PP + +by +O

1 The word jeans comes from a kind of material that … in Europe

a made b has made c was made

2 The material … jean was named after sailors from Genoa in Italy

a called b has called c was called

3 At first , jean cloth was made a mixture of things

4 In the 18th century , plantation workers wore jeans … completely from cotton

5 Cotton … with indigo a dye taken from plants in the Americans India

a was dyed b dyed c has dyed

6 Indigo … jean cloth a dark blue color

7 Nguyen Du is considered a famous Vietnamese …

8 In 1886 , Levi sewed a leather label … their jeans

3

9 During the time of the world War 2, “ waist overalls “ to the world by American

soldiers

a introduced b were introduced c have introduced

10 In the 1950’s denim became popular … young people

11 Some schools in the USA banned students … wearing denim

12.Different styles of jeans … to match the 60’s fashions

a designed b were designed c had designed

13 Since the worldwide recession of the 1990’s , the sale of jeans … growing

a stopped b had stopped c was stopped

14 In some countries … uniforms is compulsory in schools

15 Vietnamese women … very proud of the ao dai

a are b to have been c were

16 The ao dai for years

a is modernized b was modernized c has been modernized

17 A new hospital … next year

a is built b will be built c will built

18 Food … direct to the market by trucks

a delivered b can be delivered c deliver

19 This old car needs ……

a to fix b fix c to be fixed

2 0 The house has … after the fire

a to rebuild b to be rebuilt c rebuilt

ex Lan/ can/ buy /a new book /today

A new book /can/ be /bought/ today /by Lan

7.Với dạng nhờ bảo :

7.1 Với động từ (to) Have :

Active: S + have + O1(ngời) + V(inf) + O2(vật)+

Passive : S + have + O2(vật) + PP.+ by + O1(ngời).

ex I had/ him/ repair/ my bicycle/ yesterday

I had/ my bicycle/ rapaired/yesterday/ by him

7.2 Với đông từ (to) get : Active: S + get + O1(ngời) + to + V(inf) + O2(vật)+

Passive : S + get + O2(vật) + PP + by + O1(ngời).

ex I get/ her/ to make/ some coffee

I get/ some coffee/ made/ by her

*Note:

S O T từ sở

hữu S O T từ sở hữu

I me my It it its You you your We us our

He him his They them their She her her

III.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành :(+) S + has/have + PP

(He/She/It/Peter +has +PP I/You/We/They/Peter and Mary +have +PP)

(-) S + hasn’t/haven’t + PP

(?) Has/Have + S +PP ? Yes, S + has/have No, hasn’t/haven’t

*Dấu hiệu nhận biết : since/for/yet/already/just/ever.

Since + điểm thời gian For + khoảng thời gian IV.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn : (+) S + was/were + Ving ( -) S + wasn’t/weren’t + Ving.

(?) Was/were + S + Ving? Yes, S +was/were No, S + wasn’t/weren’t

*Uses : 1 Diễn tả hành động và sự việc dang sảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong

quá khứ ex I was watching T.V at 9 O’clock last night

2 Diễn tả hành động và sự việc đang sảy ra (động từ chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn), thì một hành động khác sảy đến(động từ chia ở thì quá khứ đơn) trong quá khứ ex

When I was doing my homework, Nam came.

3 Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ

ex While They were listening to music, I was watching T.V.

V .1 Do/Would you mind + Ving ? ex.Would you mind taking some photos ?

4

2 Do you mind if S + V(hiện tại đơn) ? ex Do you mind if I take some photos ?

3 Would you mind if S + V(quá khứ đơn) ?

ex Would you mind if I took some photos?

VI.in order to/ So as to + V(inf) Để mà

Ex.I always keep the window open in order to/ so as to let fresh air in

VII S + be + adj + enough to + V(inf)

Ex He isn’t old enough to drive a car

VIII

.Động từ khuyết thiếu (Model Verbs) :Can,(Can’t) Could(couldn’t),

Should(shouldn’t), May, Might, Ought to(=Should),Must(Mustn’t)

Form : (+) S +M.V + V(inf)

(-) S + M.V +not + V(inf)

(?) M.V + S + V(inf) ? Yes, S + M.V./ No, S + M.V+not

IX S + used to + V(inf) Diễn tả thói quen thờng làm trong quá khứ.

Ex I used to live in the country

* S + get used to + Ving Diễn tả thói quen ở hiện tại

X

The same as (giống với) >< different from(khác với).

Ex The bag on the left is the same as the bag on the right

Lipton tea is different from Dilmah tea

XI Always dùng với các thì tiếp diễn để diễn tả sự việc sảy ra thờng xuyên với sự việc

không hài lòng, hay than phiền

Ex He’s always going to school late.

XII I.Thì quá khứ đơn( past simple tense)

1.Form : (+) S + V ed (Vcó quy tắc)

V(quá khứ đơn) (Vbqt)

(-) S + didn’t + V(inf)

(?) Did + S + V(inf) ?

Yes, S + did / No, S + didn’t.

2.Dấu hiệu nhận biết : Trong câu thờng có các trạng từ nh : Yesterday(ngày hôm

qua)Last(trớc), Ago(trớc đây).

*Note: Thì quá khứ đơn với động từ to(be)

(+) S + was/were (-) S + wasn’t/weren’t

(?) was/were + S ? Yes, S + was/were No, S +wasn’t/weren’t

Note: I/he/she/it was You/we/they + were

XIII.Thì hiện tại đơn ( Present simple tense)

1.Form : (+) S + V(s,es)

(ta chỉ thêm s,es khi chủ ngữ là: He, She, It

(-) S (He,She,It )+doesn’t +V(inf).

S (I,You,We,They )+don’t+V(inf).

(?) Does + S(He,She,It )+ V(inf) ?

Yes, S + does./ No, S + doesn’t.

Do + S (I,You,We,They )+ V(inf) ? Yes, S + do./ No, S + don’t.

2.Dấu hiệu nhận biết :Trong câu thờng có các trạng từ nh :Always, usually, sometimes, often, never, everyday, today

.XIV.Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn : 1.Form :(+) S + am/is/are + Ving.

(-) S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + Ving.

(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?

Yes, S + Am/is/are No, S + am not/isn’t/aren’t.

2.Dấu hiệu nhận biết : Trong câu thờng có các trạng từ nh:Now (bây giờ)At the

moment(lúc này), At present(hiện tại)

XV.Too, So, Either, Neither.

1 Too, So dùng trong câu khẳng định.Ex I like fish and my aunt does, too.

-I like fish and So does my aunt

Form: S + auxi, too So auxi + S.

2 Either, Neither dùng trong câu phủ định.

ex I don’t like fish and my friends don’t, either.(Trợ động từ trớc either ở dạng phủ

định).

I don’t like fish and neither do friends

Form: S + auxi either Neither auxi + S.(do từ neither mang ý nghĩa phủ định nên

trợ động từ ở dạng khẳng định).

XVI S + like/dislike/enjoy/ hate/ stop/love +Ving She likes playing soccer.

XVII.-S + prefer + Ving+ to + Ving

ex She prefers playing badminton to playing volleyball.

-S + prefer + N1+ to + N2

ex I prefer chicken to beef

XVIII Why (vì sao) ► Because(bởi vì)

ex.Why did you go to bed late?

Because I had to do my homework

XIX.- A few(một ít) + N(số nhiều đếm dợc)

There are a few students in the class

ex.I have a little money

- A lot of /lots of + N(số nhiều/không đếm đợc).

-ex.Lan has a lot of books of English

XX S +would like + to + V(inf) (dùng để đa ra lời mời lịch sự.)

5

S’d like

ex I’d like to go to the school.

XXI Câu ớc muốn cho hiện tại : S + Wish(es) (that) + S + V(quá khứ đơn)

I wish that Nam worked harder

*Note : Với động từ (to) be thì Were dùng cho tất cả các ngôi.

XXII Câu điều kiện loại một ( có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại)

If S + V(hiện tại đơn) , S + will + V(inf).

ex If I have much time, I will visit my grandmather in the country

Note: Cả hai vế có thể chia ở thì hiện tại đơn

XXIII Câu điều kiện loại hai ( không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại).

If S + V(quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/should/might + V(inf).

ex If I worked hard, I would pass the exam

*Note : Với động từ (to) be thì Were dùng cho tất cả các ngôi.

1 If people drive their cars …, they won’t get hurt themselves and others

a careful b carefully c careless

2 If the weather gets worse , the children …school for some days

a don’t have b won’t have c wouldn’t have

3 If she … enough money, she will buy her son a motor bike

4 If everybody all the trash in the trash can , the beach will not be so dirty like this

5 If she the airport, I’ll let you know

6 If there were flying saucers , we … traces of their landing

a see b saw c could see

7 if I … enough time , I would watch that cartoon again

a have b had c will have

8 If you want to read books on space , you … them from the library

a can borrow b would borrow c could borrow

9 If we were on a spaceship , we … our earth from far away

a can catch b would watch c watch

10 If she… home early, she will meet her old friends

a come b comes c will come

11 If we are in the orbit, we … no weight

a had b will have c would have

12 If the students … on a trip to the moon now, they would be able to see the pictures of the earth

a are b were c would be

13 If I … a chance , I’ll take a space- tourist to the moon

a have b had c will have

14 If the teacher us to do a report , I’ll take about the outer space

a asks b ask c asked

15 If the plane arrives on time , my parents … home by 10 p m

a would b will be c are

16 UFOs mean … flying objects

a unknown b unidentified c unable d unimaginary

XXIV Cấu trúc Suggest: S + suggest + Ving.

S + suggest that + S + should + V(inf).

ex I suggest taking some photos.

I suggest that we should take some photos

XXV Dạng câu hỏi đuôi (Tag – Questions).

Một số ví dụ sau giúp cho các em biết cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi:

1 Let’s go to London next week, shall we?(phần câu hỏi đuôi của Let’s + V(inf) là shall we?

2 You shouldn’t have told me, should you?

3 Jim hasn’t been waiting long, has he?

4 You won’t tell anyone about this, will you?

5 You’re not doing what I told you, are you?

6 Lan worked in this facrory, didn’t you?

7 George can’t drive a car, can he?

8 You’ve got to leave now, haven’t you?

 Câu mệnh lệnh :

- Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” và diễn tả lời mời.

ex Take your seat, won’t you?

- Có phần đuôi là “will you?” và diễn tả lời yêu cầu :

- Open the door, will you?

 Phần đuôi của “I am” là “aren’t I?”.

6

1 They want to came,

2 Jane is a teacher,

3 He isn’t here,

4 This is your umbrella,

5 Cindy can’t come with us,

6 You have never been to Hanoi,

7 He has a bicycle,

8 You write a letter to your father, ?

9 Kathy will be in class tomorrow, ?

10 You weren’t at home last night, ?

11 Jane went to London High School, ?

12 She has the keys to the dinning – room, ?

13 You are a member of this class, ?

14 They are studying hard, ?

15 It wasn’t raining, ?

16 I don’t have to come to the meeting, ?

17 Cindy had to leave early, ?

18 Tomorrow isn’t a holiday, ?

19 You should call your mom today, ?

20 These are your keys, ?

1 She goes shopping every day, ?

2 He has been studying English a long time, ?

3 He is a good student, ?

4 She play the piano well, ?

5 They played soccer yesterday, ?

6 She can speak English fluently, ?

7 The traffic is heavy today, ?

8 You always buy your clothes in the Department Store , ?

9 Mr.Green used to take the children to the circus, ?

10 You 'll be back before noon, ?

11 They are travelling in Europe now, ?

12 The bus stops at this corner, ?

13 It takes more than an hour to get there , ?

14 He's ready now, ?

15 She's visited Nha Trang city, ?

16 She 's here last week, ?

17 We should leave early, ?

18 Your sister has already done the exercise., ?

19 We must obey the law, ?

20 You dare to meet her, ?

1 She doesn't like to study English, ?

2 You have never been in Ha noi, ?

3 You won't mention this to anyone, ?

4 The traffic today isn't very heavy, ?

5 It wasn't heavy yesterday either, ?

6 They didn't go by plan, ?

7 She didn't say anything to you about it, ?

8 You didn't use to go fishing , ?

9 He won't be back before noon, ?

I0 haven't paid you yet, ?

* After Let's the tag question is '' Shall we ? '' Let's go out for a walk, ?

After the imperative ( do / don't do something )the tag is '' Will you ?'' Open the door, ?

Don't be late, ?

We say '' Aren't I ? '' I'm late, ?

'' This / that '' ( subject ) become '' it '' in the tag '' There '' ( subject ) remains unchanged - That isn't Tom, is it ? - There won't be time, will there ?

XXVI Đại từ quan hệ : Who / Whom / Which / That / Whose.

1.Who :Thay thế cho từ cụm từ chỉ nghời và làm chủ ngữ trong câu.

ex.I saw the woman.She wrote the book.

S(ngời)

I saw the woman Who wrote the book.

*note : boy(cậu con trai) Girl(con gái) People(mọi nghời).man(men){đàn ông} Woman(Women)(đàn bà)

2.Whom: Thay thế cho từ cụm từ chỉ ngời và làm tân ngữ trong câu:

ex I know the man You want to meet him.

O(ngời)

I know the man who you want to meet

3.Which (làm chủ ngữ): Thay thế cho từ cụm từ chỉ vật và làm chủ ngữ trong câu ex.The pencil is mine The pencil is on the dest.

The pencil Which is on the dest is mine.

4.Which (làm tân ngữ): Thay thế cho từ cụm từ chỉ vật và làm tân ngữ trong câu ex.The dress is beautiful She is wearing that dress

O(vật) The dress Which She is wearing is beautiful.

5 Whose + N:

ex The girl is my sister You took the girl’s picture.

The girl whose picture you took is my sister.

 Một số trờng hợp chỉ dùng That :

- Sau một số tính từ ở dạng so sánh tuyệt đối : 7

- Sau all / any / only / it is.

XXVII Trạng từ quan hệ : Where / When:

1.

Where : thay cho từ, cum từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.

ex I never forget the village I was born there.

I never forget the village where I was born

2 When : thay cho từ cụm từ chỉ thời gian.

ex Monday is the day We will come then.

Monday is the day when we will com

1 This is the book I like it very much

………

2.The dog is running over there The dog is mine

………

3.This is the man His son is my friend

………

4.This is the house My mother bought it 2 years ago

………

5.Do you know the city ? It is 2 km from here

………

6 That is the house I have lived in this house for 2 years

………

7.The room looks beautiful I painted it yesterday

………

8.Do you know the woman Her name is White

………

9.The house is mine Its doors are yellow

………

10.The girl is You I like her

………

XXVIII.+ Although/ though/ even though + Clause (mặc dù).

ex Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves.

+ in spite of/ despite + N (mặc dù).

in spite of the rain, they enjoyed themselves.

XXIX Let + O + V(inf) dùng để đ a ra lời đề nghị

ex Let’s go to the Zoo

XXXX So + adj/adv + That + Clause (quá đến nỗi)

ex The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home

He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him

XXXXI Such+(a/an) + adj + N + that + Clause

ex She is such a beautyful girl that everybody admires her.

It was such hot tea that I could’nt drink it

XXXXII Too + adj/ adv + (for + someone)+ to (quá đến nỗi không thể)

ex It is too young for him to go to school

She ran too slowly to catch the train

XXXXIII Câu so sánh :

1 câu so sánh hơn:

a với tính từ ngắn : adj + er+than

b với tính từ dài : more + adj + than

2 câu so sánh hơn nhất :

a với tính từ ngắn : the + adj + est.

b với tính từ dài : the most + adj.

Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi :

1 “let’use fewer plastic bags,” he said

He suggested

2 We last saw our grandfather five months ago

We haven’t

3 They’ll have to change the date of the meeting again

The date

4 It’s a pity our teacher isn’t here at the moment

I wish

5 They have just sold that old house

That old house

5 It was such a hard cake that I could’nt eat it

The cake

6 Linh is a better cook than Hoa

Hoa can’t

7 I last heard this song ten years ago

It is

8 “You’d better not lend that man any more money, Mary” said John John advised

9 We don’t have enough money, so we can’t buy that house

If we

10 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert

Despite

Tớnh từ và trạng từ

1.The girls… decided to collect money for the plan

a final b finally c daily

2 The country side got … dirty after the student’s camping trip

3 I felt … disappointed because of their bad behavior

4 Hoa’s parents … supported our competition

8

a kind b kindly c kindness

5 People talk about the pollution in the city more…

a frequent b frequently c frequency

6 The air in the countryside is… fresher and purer than in the city

7 The students in our school participated … in the “Green Sunday”

project to keep the city clean and green

a immediate b immediately c quick

8 You have to listen to your teacher……

a attentive b attendance c attentively

9 If people drive their cars …, they won’t get hurt themselves and others

a careful b carefully c careless

10 She … won the scholarship to study abroad

a success b successful c successfully

the end – good luck to all of you

Một số động từ bất quy tắc :

STT

đơn)

PP Nghĩa

29 understand understood understood hiểu, biết

9