Napster provided a service where they indexed and stored file information that users of Napster made available on their computers for others to download, and the files were transferred d
Trang 1Group ICT-54B: Ta Quoc Viet, Tran Viet Anh, Pham Duy Hoan, Luc Quoc Quyen
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 ABSTRACT 2
2 INTRODUCTION 2 2.1 OVERVIEW 2
2.2 HISTORY 2
3 TECHNOLOGY 4 3.1 DEFINITION 4
3.2 DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES 4
3.3 CATEGORIES 4
3.3.1 Peer To Peer Networks 4
3.3.2 File Hosting Services 5
4 FEATURES 5 4.1 PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK (P2P) 5
4.1.1 Advantages 5
4.1.2 Disadvantage 6
4.2 CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK 6
4.2.1 Advantages 6
4.2.2 Disadvantages 6
4.3 DOWNLOAD PROGRAMS 6
5 CONCLUSION 7
6 GUIDE 7 6.1 Internet Download Manager (IDM) 7
IV.1.1 Getting IDM 7
IV.1.2 Using IDM 7
6.2 µTorrent 8
IV.2.1 Getting µTorrent 8
IV.2.2 Using µTorrent 9
7 REFERENCE 9
Job Allocation
• Luc Quoc Quyen (20092161): Abstract (1) and Introduction (2)
• Tran Viet Anh (20090158): Technology (3)
• Pham Duy Hoan (20091134): Features (4)
• Ta Quoc Viet [editor] (20093262): Conclusion (5), Guide (6) and Reference (7)
Trang 21 ABSTRACT
Downloading is the most important
thing when you are using the Internet It
is the simple truth that everyone who
has experienced in it knows In
Vietnam, there are over 50,000,000
Gigabytes which were downloaded
from the Internet to computer each
month [1] At the early days of Internet,
computer scientists have focused on
creating a new technology to help
people to share data with the best
benefit and the highest speed
Nowadays, there are two technologies
which are the most popular in the
world They are Direct Protocol and
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Protocol This essay
will provide a general knowledge of
each technology and some suggestion
to choose the best Download Programs
2.1 OVERVIEW
The essay was divided into 4 main
parts Part I focuses on the History of
File-Sharing Technology Part II
addresses the definition of each
technology and explains the differences
between them Part III discusses some
good and bad features of Direct
Protocol and P2P Protocol Part IV
explores how to use some popular
download programs via each protocol
and provides a brief conclusion
2.2 HISTORY
When the 8-inch floppy disk was
developed by IBM, sharing files was
pretty easy – you copy the original data
files, and then borrow the disk
Obviously, there were only a few
computers around back then, but this
happened again almost two decades
later, when optical and flash media became nothing out of ordinary
A few years later, in 1978, CBBS becomes the first Bulletin Board System (BBS) [2], but BBS access is limited to phone lines until early 1990s Anyway, almost two decades ago, BBS was probably the most widely used file sharing method
In 1979, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis came up with Usenet It is a network that was initially based on the UUCP protocol for dial-up connections and has, since being transported over the Internet, used a specialized client-server protocol, the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Its main purpose was the exchange of text based messages, but through attachments allowed users
to encode files and distribute them to participating subscribers of Usenet Newsgroups Usenet remains one of the largest carriers of file sharing and Internet traffic Legal challenges to P2P systems have spurred a resurgence of Usenet Usenet itself has also been the target of legal challenges pertaining to its use in file-sharing
In 1985, the FTP protocol becomes standardized, and in 1988, IRC is born
In 1990, the real thing starts with the formal proposal of the World Wide Web, followed by the introduction of the MP3 standard, at the end of 1991[3]
In June 1999, Napster was released
as a centralized unstructured peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery It is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing system In the case of Napster, an online service
Trang 3provider could not use the "transitory
network transmission" safe harbor in
the DMCA if they had control of the
network with a server Many P2P
products will, by their very nature,
flunk this requirement, just as Napster
did Napster provided a service where
they indexed and stored file information
that users of Napster made available on
their computers for others to download,
and the files were transferred directly
between the host and client users after
authorization by Napster Shortly after
the A&M Records, Inc v Napster, Inc
loss in court Napster blocked all
copyright content from being
downloaded
Gnutella, eDonkey2000, and Freenet
were released in 2000, as MP3.com and
Napster were facing litigation Gnutella,
released in March, was the first
decentralized file sharing network In
the Gnutella network, all connecting
software was considered equal, and
therefore the network had no central
point of failure In July, Freenet was
released and became the first
anonymity network In September the
eDonkey2000 client and server
software was released
In 2001, Kazaa and Poisoned for the
Mac was released Its FastTrack
network was distributed, though unlike
Gnutella, it assigned more traffic to
“super nodes” to increase routing
efficiency The network was proprietary
and encrypted, and the Kazaa team
made substantial efforts to keep other
clients such as Morpheus off of the
FastTrack network
In July 2001, Napster lost in court
and was shut down This drove users to
other P2P applications and file sharing continued its exponential growth The Audiogalaxy Satellite client grew in popularity, and the LimeWire client and BitTorrent protocol were released Until its decline in 2004, Kazaa was the most popular file sharing program despite bundled malware and legal battles in the Netherlands, Australia, and the United States In 2002, a Tokyo district court ruling shut down File Rogue and
an RIAA lawsuit effectively shut down Audiogalaxy
From 2002 through 2003, a number
of popular BitTorrent services were established, including Suprnova.org, isoHunt, TorrentSpy, and The Pirate Bay In 2002, the RIAA was filing lawsuits against Kazaa users As a result of such lawsuits, many universities added file sharing regulations in their school administrative codes (though some students managed to circumvent them during after school hours) With the shutdown of eDonkey in 2005, eMule became the dominant client of the eDonkey network In 2006, police raids took down the Razorback2 eDonkey server and temporarily took down The Pirate Bay Pro-file sharing demonstrations took place in Sweden in response to the Pirate Bay raid In 2009, the Pirate Bay trial ended in a guilty verdict for the primary founders of the tracker
3.1 DEFINITION
Those are clearly definition of 2 most usual file sharing protocols:
Trang 4 A peer-to-peer, commonly
abbreviated to P2P, is any distributed
network architecture composed of
participants that make a portion of their
resources (such as processing power,
disk storage or network bandwidth)
directly available to other network
participants, without the need for
central coordination instances (such as
servers or stable hosts) [4]
Client–server model of
computing is a distributed application
structure that partitions tasks or
workloads between service providers,
called servers, and service requesters,
called clients [5]
3.2 DIFFERENCES AND
SIMILARITIES
In P2P, Peers are both providers and
consumers of data, in contrast to the
traditional client-server model where
only servers upload, and clients
download A similarity, Some P2P
systems have a central server that was
connected with all nodes But the
server only tracks, indexes peer’s IP
address and uses those data for expand
its network by sending IP address list to
peers In fact, a pure P2P network
doesn’t have the connection of client –
server but only node-node that
functions as both ways upload and
download on the network
Peer-to-peer was used in VoIP, Real-time chat, HDTV online, etc…
popularized by File-Sharing
systems such as eDonKey, BitTorrent, Gnutella
Direct download use Client-server model to request download and transfer data from server
to client via FPT, HTTP
3.3 CATEGORIES
3.3.1 Peer To Peer Networks
Some of the most popular options for file sharing on the Internet are peer-to-peer networks, such as BitTorrent and eDonkey network
Users can use software that connects into a peer-to-peer network to search for shared files on the computers of other users (i.e peers) connected to the network Those files can be downloaded directly from other users
on the network Typically, large files are broken down into smaller pieces, which may be downloaded from multiple peers and then reassembled by the downloader At the same time, the peer is uploading the pieces it already has to other peers Even after download completed, user can upload that data to others to support their downloading speed
Nowadays, BitTorrent become the Number.1 file sharing network on the internet It has been estimated that it may account for roughly 27-55% of all Internet traffic (depending on geographical location) as of February
2009 [6]
Programmer Bram Cohen designed this protocol in April 2001 and released a first implementation on 2 July 2001 [7]
Trang 5The reasons BitTorrent become
popular because of its convenient
Users can publish their data or
download other user data fast and easy
by torrent client programs They
package all information of data in a
torrent file (.torrent) and then publish it
Other users download that torrent file
and run it by any torrent client to
download data piece by piece In
addition, there are many torrent tracker
(a kind of central server) support user to
find as many peers as possible which
are downloading same data For
example: Isohunt.com, SuperNova.org,
ThePirateBay.org, etc…
3.3.2 File Hosting Services
File hosting services are a simple
and traditional Client-server model
method to download file, video, and
any kind of data that is not webpage
Internet users can download data
directly from file hosting services by
using download links (http, ftp) that are
provided by service sites These sites
allow web and FTP access for users to
manage or get download link They can
be optimized for serving many users
(hosting) or only for single-user
storage Related services are video
sharing, photo sharing, virtual storage
and remote backup
Two of the most popular file hosting
services:
MediaFire (i.e MF)
http://mediafire.com
MegaUpload (i.e MU) http://megaupload.com
A video sharing service is provided by MegaUpload that can stream video files were stored at host:
4.1 PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK (P2P)
4.1.1 Advantages
Because of the principle of peer structure, this protocol has many
advantages compared to other commercial networks In peer-to-peer network, all machines involved provide resources, which may include bandwidth, storage space, and computing power So the more machines join the network, the stronger overall ability of the network becomes
As nodes arrive and demand on the system increases, the total capacity of the system also increases [8] Decentralization of peer networks also helps the networks work well even when some machines have problem Thus, searching for and sharing resources become more quickly and effective
4.1.2 Disadvantage
But users who use P2P also have some problems when they join the networks The most important problem
is that consumers can be faced with a number of risks when they download and use commercial P2P file-sharing
Trang 6software programs [9] A file-sharing
program which users download and use
include other software, such as spy
ware or adware So they may
inadvertently share sensitive personal
files residing on their hard drives Users
can also receive dangerous viruses with
files and programs when sharing files
using P2P programs [10] And viruses
can impair the operation of their
personal computers So it’s very
dangerous that your computer may be at
risk at any time Finally, because of the
way files are shared in network, users,
especially children may be exposed to
unwanted pornographic images or
movies
4.2 CLIENT-SERVER
NETWORK
4.2.1 Advantages
User (client) also can only
download files or programs directly
from the servers through client-server
network In this case, there are many
clients (users) but they just are the
consumers Servers are the suppliers
All resources are stored in these servers
and users can download them from
servers or upload to servers In contract
to P2P, users are not allowed to share
resources directly with others one, it
means all computers must connect to
only one server In this situation, users
can download directly files or programs
from the servers and do not depend on
the numbers of computer involved in
the network So that users may get the
resources conveniently And users may
not face some problems with viruses or
personal files like P2P because with this
protocol, the security of data will be
higher than P2P
4.2.2 Disadvantages
But this protocol has some disadvantages because of its principle
If there is only a fixed numbers of servers, while there are too many clients participate in the network, the data transfer capability will be reduced The more client network has, the less speed data will be transferred In addition, if the servers are crashed, the whole system network will be stalled It
is the big problem that you try to download a file while there are too many users are downloading it, the traffic congestion will occur So you should not use this protocol to download any big files because of the slow speed
4.3 DOWNLOAD PROGRAMS
About the programs that can support you download through these protocols; there are many programs like that
For example, with client-server, we have many choices that are supported to help users can download file more quickly We can mention the most commonly used software like FlashGet, Internet Download Manager (IDM), Free Download Manager, Orbit Downloader, Download Accelerator Plus, Gigaget, and Wackget All of these programs can help users increase
the download speeds But nowadays, Internet Download Manager (IDM) is
thought to be the most popular download programs, and the fastest download application It can increase download speeds by up to 5 times, resume and schedule downloads, and more and more effective features supported It is really a good choice for
Trang 7you to download file or program
directly and quickly
In P2P, we also have other choices
to share resources They are
Tranmission, Azureus, µTorrent,
Bittorrent, FlashGet, etc… Today,
µTorrent is known as number one
download program to share resources
on Internet via P2P Its activity is based
on P2P network, so it has a huge
resource, and it can download large
files with maximum speed It also
occupies a very small capacity in your
system So if you want to download
large files easily, µTorrent would be a
reasonable choice
IV
IV.1
IV.2
IV.3
First, there is not a shadow of doubt
when we call file-sharing technology is
the essential factor of using the Internet
It has been developing day by day
throughout the history From the very
early day of information technology, it
had proved that it is very useful, handy,
and important
Next, it is very hard to say which
technology is better But it seems to be
that we should use both of them The
Client-Server Network is readily to
download small files, and sometimes
safer than P2P Network; because the
data is more stable, unity and secure
Nevertheless, with the huge file, if you
want to download by the Client-Server
Network, in this case the ratio of getting
file corrupted is higher than using P2P
Network; not including you have to take too much time to download because of low speed and file split That why both method of downloading are still using commonly and independently
on the Internet
Finally, I hope that you can figure out the similarity and difference between P2P Network and Client-Server Network Nowadays, the two main types of file-sharing technology, peer-to-peer and client-server, are applied widely and deeply everywhere
in the internet Each has its own properties and applications; thus, it will
be very helpful if you understand thoroughly Then you can make an effectively decision when you want to download files from the Internet
6.1 Internet Download Manager (IDM)
IV.1.1 Getting IDM
Download source:
http://www.internetdownloadmanage r.com/download.html
You can try it in 30 days or buy it with ~400000VND
Purchase page:
http://www.internetdownloadmanage r.com/buy.html
IV.1.2 Using IDM
The main window shows a list of downloaded files This list includes additional information about downloaded files like file size, download status, estimated time to complete, and current download speed and downloads description You can
Trang 8sort the list by any column by clicking
on a column header.
There are several ways to start
your downloads with Internet
Download Manager
-Automatic Mode: This mode is the
easiest one In this case you don't need
to do anything special, just browse the
Internet as you usually do IDM will
catch your downloads and handle them
-Right click in Browsers: You can
right click on a link in your browsers,
and select "Download with IDM"
-Drag and Drop: You can drag and
drop links to download with IDM
-Add URL button: You can add
downloads manually using Add URL
button
-Copy Links to Clipboard: IDM can
catch download links in clipboard
-Command Line: IDM can work
from a command line
-Import Downloads: IDM can
import download links from a file
Configuration for IDM:
On the main menu, look at
Download tab, find and click the
Option button to open the option panel
Here are some explanations of tabs
options:
-General: can be used to change
IDM System integration options
(automatic startup, integration options
into browsers, URL clipboard
monitoring) IDM integrates into
Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla,
Netscape, and many other popular
browsers by default
-File types: can be used to change the list of file types that will be taken over from a browser and downloaded
by IDM
-Save to: defines the default "save to" directory for a selected category You can also change this directory by picking Properties item in the right click menu of a selected category in the main IDM window Downloaded file will be saved to the default directory of
an appropriate category But you can change the directory to save the file
before downloading in Download File
Info dialog If "Remember last save
path" box is checked and you have
changed the directory in Download File
Info dialog, then the default "save to"
directory will change for all subsequent downloads in this category
-Download: In Dialogs group box you can control how IDM dialogs are displayed Select "Don't show" item in Download progress list box, if you don't want to see "Download Progress" dialog at all If you don't like to see
"Download Progress" dialog appearing
in front of all other windows, select
"Show minimized" You can disable
"Download Complete" dialog using
"Show download complete dialog" box
For more detail of using IDM, you can open its manual
6.2 µTorrent IV.2.
IV.2.1 Getting µTorrent
Download source:
http://www.utorrent.com/downloads
Trang 9This is a free-ware so that you don’t
have to pay any money to use it
IV.2.2 Using µTorrent
Starting download [11]:
-Browse to a site that serves torrent
files and peruse their list to find a file
you want to download
-Click the link that provides you
with the *.torrent file This file type
will be recognized by µTorrent if
you've set the option for it to do so If it
is not opened automatically by
µTorrent, then you save the *.torrent
file to your hard drive
- Run µTorrent and click "Add
Torrent " from the File menu Select
the *.torrent file you saved in the
previous step The download item
should appear in the main window
Once the program has found peers that
are serving the file, it will begin
downloading the file to your computer
Configurations for µTorrent: you
can press Ctrl + P in the main window
to open the preferences panel
Here are some explanations of the
preferences tabs:
-General: change the language,
window integration, privacy…
-UI Setting: change display, system
tray icon, action for double click…
-Directory: change the location of
downloaded files, location of *.torrent
files
-Connection: change listening port
and proxy…
-Queuing: change queuing setting…
-Scheduler: tell µTorrent to stop torrent jobs, use a different bandwidth limit, or stop downloading entirely during specified times
For more detail of using µTorrent, you can open its manual
7 REFERENCE
[1] Thongkeinternet.vn Internet statistics of
Vietnam VietNam National Internet Center.
[Online] VietNam National Internet Center, April 2010 [Cited: May 30, 2010.] http://www.thongkeinternet.vn/jsp/trangchu/in dex.jsp.
[2] WikiPedia.com File sharing WikiPedia.
[Online] Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, May 29,
2010 [Cited: May 30, 2010.] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharing.
[3] Codrut Nistor File Sharing – History.
pctips3000.com [Online] pctips3000, June 24,
2009 [Cited: May 30, 2010.] http://www.pctips3000.com/file-sharing-history/.
[4] Rüdiger Schollmeier, A Definition of
Peer-to-Peer Networking for the Classification
of Peer-to-Peer Architectures and Applications, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, IEEE (2002).
[5] Reese, George Database Programming
with JDBC and Java, Second Edition.
Database Programming with JDBC and Java, Second Edition November : Sun Develope
Network, 2000.
[6] Ernest BitTorrent Still King of P2P
Traffic torrentfreak.com [Online] February
18, 2009 [Cited: May 30, 2010.] http://torrentfreak.com/bittorrent-still-king-of-p2p-traffic-090218/.
"BitTorrent — a new P2P app", Yahoo eGroups, Retrieved 2007-04-15, link: http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/decentr alization/message/3160.
Trang 10[8] WikiPedia.com Peer-to-peer
WikiPedia.com [Online] Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc, May 25, 2010 [Cited: May
30, 2010.]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer.