Tài liệu Building Scablable Cisco Internetworks docx

LESSON FOUR: UNDERSTANDING IP VERSION 6 1-55 Automatic Network-Boundary Summarization in a Classful Routing Protocol 2-25 ii Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks BSCI v2.0 Copyright

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Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Web site at www.cisco.com/go/offices

Argentina * Australia * Austria * Belgium ¢ Brazil * Bulgaria * Canada * Chile * China PRC * Colombia « Costa Rica * Croatia « Czech Republic * Denmark * Dubai, UAE « Finland * France * Germany * Greece * Hong Kong SAR « Hungary India * Indonesia « Ireland « Israel « Italy « Japan * Korea * Luxembourg « Malaysia * Mexico « The Netherlands + New Zealand * Norway * Peru « Philippines * Poland « Portugal « Puerto Rico « Romania * Russia « Saudi Arabia « Scotland « Singapore * Slovakia * Slovenia * South Africa * Spain « Sweden * Switzerland * Taiwan « Thailand * Turkey Ukraine * United

Kingdom * United States * Venezuela * Vietnam * Zimbabwe

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We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, Discover All That’s Possible, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, GigaStack, IOS, IP/TV, LightStream, MGxX, MICA, the Networkers logo, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, RateMUX, Registrar, SlideCast, StrataView Plus, Stratm, SwitchProbe, TeleRouter, and VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc and/or its affiliates in the U.S and certain other countries

All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company (0203R)

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LESSON FOUR: UNDERSTANDING IP VERSION 6 1-55

Automatic Network-Boundary Summarization in a Classful Routing Protocol 2-25

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MODULE 5 — CONFIGURING THE IS-IS PROTOCOL 5-1

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Learner Skills and Knowledge 5-72

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Configuring Redistribution 6-31

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COURSE GLOSSARY G-1

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large network sites on the use of advanced IP addressing and routing in implementing

scalability for Cisco routers connected to LANs and WANs The goal is to train network

administrators to dramatically increase the number of routers and sites using these techniques instead of redesigning the network when additional sites or wiring configurations are added

The Course Introduction includes these topics:

= Course Evaluations

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Identify advanced IP routing principles, including static and dynamic routing characteristics and the concepts of classless routing and network boundary summarization

Upon completing this course, you will be able to:

m Describe advanced IP addressing to include variable-length subnet mask, route

summarization, classless interdomain routing, basic IP version 6, and using Network Address Translation with route maps

characteristics and the concepts of classless routing and network boundary summarization

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Course Objectives (cont.)

l l Cises oan

Configure Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol for a scalable network

Configure Open Shortest Path First for a scalable multiarea network

Configure Intermediate System-to- Intermediate System for a scalable multiarea network

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Course Objectives (cont.)

administrative distance, route maps, and policy-based routing

Protocol connections

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Learner Skills and Knowledge

This topic lists the course prerequisites

OSI Reference Model Operating/C onfiguring Cisco Routers Jump

BSCI

Configuring IP Addresses

IP Subnetting and

VLSM

RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF Static/Default Routes

= Networking terms, numbering schemes, and topologies

m Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model

m= TCP/IP stack and configuring IP addresses

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) single-area networks

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Prerequisite Learner Skills and Knowledge (cont.)

Interpreting a Cisco Routing Table Standard/Extended Access Lists Basic Router Configurations Using show and BSCI

debug command Configuring WAN

with HDLC and PPP

Configuring WAN Using Frame Relay

m Filtering traffic with standard and extended access lists

= Verifying basic router configurations using show and debug command output

m Verifying basic switch configurations using shaw command output

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Introduce

yourself Ask questions

In class, you are expected to participate in all lesson exercises and assessments

In addition, you are encouraged to ask any questions relevant to the course materials

If you have pertinent information or questions concerning future Cisco product releases and

product features, please discuss these topics during breaks or after class The instructor will answer your questions or direct you to an appropriate information source

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The instructor will discuss the administrative issues noted here so you know exactly what to

expect from the class

= Starting and anticipated ending times of each class day

m Materials you can expect to receive during class

= = What to do in the event of an emergency

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Course Flow Diagram

This section covers the suggested flow of the course materials

Course Flow Diagram

Course

the IS-IS Protocol

Configuring OSPF

Configuring EIGRP Advanced

IP Addressing

Configuring EIGRP

Configuring OSPF

Basic BGP BSCI v2.0—11

The schedule reflects the recommended structure for this course This structure allows enough

time for the instructor to present the course information and for you to work through the

laboratory exercises The exact timing of the subject materials and labs depends on the pace of

your specific class

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Icons and Symbols

This topic shows the Cisco icons and symbols used in this course

Cisco Icons and Symbols

c—— _—

->—=ˆ=< ` Router Cell ⁄

Network Cloud Web

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company + Skills and knowledge + Brief history

= A profile of your experience

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Course Evaluations

Cisco relies on customer feedback to make improvements and guide business decisions Your

valuable input will help shape future Cisco learning products and program offerings

On the first and final days of class, your instructor will provide the following information

needed to fill out the evaluation:

Please use this information to complete a brief (approximately 10 minutes) online evaluation concerning your instructor and the course materials in the student kit To access the evaluation,

go to http://www.cisco.com/go/clpevals

After the completed survey has been submitted, you will be able to access links to a variety of Cisco resources, including information on the Cisco Career Certification programs and future Cisco Networker's events

If you encounter any difficulties accessing the course evaluation URL or submitting your

evaluation, please contact Cisco via email at clpevals_support@external.cisco.com

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implementation is a well-conceived and scalable advanced IP addressing plan The purpose of

an advanced IP addressing plan is to maximize the shrinking amount of IP address space available in deployed networks and minimize the size of routing tables

As anetwork grows, the number of subnets and the volume of network addresses increase

proportionally Without advanced IP addressing technique, such as summarization and classless interdomain routing (CIDR), the size of the routing table is increased, which causes a variety of

problems; for example, the network requires more CPU resources to acknowledge each

internetwork topology change in a larger routing table In addition, larger routing tables have greater potential for delays when the CPU resources sort and search for a match to a destination

address Both of these problems are solved by summarization and CIDR

In order to effectively use summarization and CIDR to control the size of routing tables,

network administrators employ advanced IP addressing techniques, such as Network Address

Translation (NAT) and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)

NAT uses globally unique addresses for routing across the Internet and between independent divisions within an organization NAT uses different address pools for tracking groups of users, which makes it easier to manage interconnectivity

VLSM is a type of subnet masking used for hierarchical addressing This advanced IP-

addressing technique allows the network administrator to subnet a previously subnetted address

to make the best use of the available address space

Another long-standing problem that network administrators must overcome is the exhaustion of available IP addresses caused by the increase in Internet use While the current solution is to use NAT, the long-term solution is to migrate from the IP version 4 (IPv4) 32-bit address space

to the IP version 6 (IPv6) 128-bit address space Gaining an insight into IPv6 functionality and deployment will prove valuable for network administrators in the not-too-distant future.

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Upon completing this module, you will be able to:

effective scalable IP-addressing plan

network and calculate variable-length subnet masking given the address requirements of a network

summarizing a given range of network addresses into larger IP address blocks m™ Describe the features and benefits of using IP version 6, given the increasingly complex

requirements of hierarchical addressing

= Configure Network Address Translation for multiple address pools using access lists and

route maps Outline

The module contains these lessons:

= Purpose of Address Planning

m= Network Address Translation

m Lesson Assessments

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Purpose of Address Planning

You must execute a detailed [P-addressing plan to increase the scale of a network in an optimal

manner and take advantage of the advanced features of current IP routing protocols

Objectives

Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to:

network

criteria of effective IP-address planning

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Learner Skills and Knowledge

To benefit fully from this lesson, you must have these prerequisite skills and knowledge:

™ Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification or equivalent knowledge

Outline

This lesson includes these topics:

Overview Scalable Network Design Benefits of Good Network Design

Benefits of an Optimized IP-Addressing Plan Summary

Quiz

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Scalable Network Design

An understanding of scalable network design concepts is imperative for understanding IP-

Corporate organizational structure affects the design of a network The structure of scalable

network design reflects the information flow of a corporation These design structures are referred to as hierarchical network designs

Two types of hierarchical network design are as follows:

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Functional Structured Design

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Corporate networks may be organized by product divisions

Some corporations have independent divisions that are responsible for their own operations,

including networking These divisions interact with one another and share resources; however,

each division has an independent chain of command

This type of corporate structure is reflected in a functional network design A functional design internetworks different divisions according to their functional purpose within the corporate

structure

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consolidation points then report to corporate headquarters

This type of corporate structure is reflected in a geographical network design A geographical design internetworks divisions according to their location

Note From a networking point of view, a geographical network structure is cost-effective because

fewer network links require long-haul carriers, often a considerable added expense

Within the functional or geographical networks, there are three primary layer elements involved

in a scalable network design:

Redundancy occurs more frequently at this layer than at the other layers

customers Virtual LANs (VLANs), firewalls, and access lists maintain security for this layer

devices Host services with multiple access-layer devices are assigned to this layer

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Core Layer — Fully Meshed iT

Redundancy is often found in the core network

with the largest bandwidth

to headquarters and other divisions within the company

Compared to other layers, the core generally has the circuits

very expensive for a corporation with many divisions

Note In a fully-meshed core layer design, all routers have direct connections to all other nodes

This connectivity allows the network to react quickly when it must route data flow from a downed link to another pathway

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Core Layer — Hub-and-Spoke

The hub-and-spoke design configuration supports the traffic flow through the corporation In

many companies, the data travels to a centralized headquarters, where the corporate databases

and network services reside To reflect this corporate centralization, the core layer hub-and-

spoke configuration establishes the focal point of the data flow as a key site

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Access and Distribution Layers

« Entry point for end users and customers into the network

* Securlty—VLANs, firewalls, access lists

+ Addressing—DHCP Distribution Lay ar

« Consolidation point for access layer devices

« Hosts services that must be accessed by multiple

Remote sites are points of entry to the network for end users and customers Within the

network, remote sites gain access to network services through the access layer The distribution layer consolidates the services and devices that the access layer needs to process the activity

that is generated by the remote sites

Place duplicating services at the distribution layer when there is no benefit in having

duplicating services at the remote sites These services may include Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), human resources, and

accounting servers One or more distribution layers report to each entry point at the core layer

You can fully mesh connectivity between remote sites at the access layer However, the hub-

and-spoke configuration for remote sites reports to at least two corporate sites for

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Benefits of Good Network Design

This topic describes the benefits of an effective [P-addressing plan implemented within a good

network design

Benefits of an Optimized IP Addressing Plan and Design

Cisco.com

An effective network design accommodates unexpected growth and quick changes in the

corporate environment The network responds to mergers with other companies, corporate restructuring, and downsizing with minimal impact on the portions of the network that do not change

The characteristics of good IP address plan implemented in a well-designed network are:

= Scalability: A well-designed network allows for large increases in the number of supported

sites

or removals within the network

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Scalability with Good Design

The current proliferation of corporate mergers emphasizes the design issues inherent in private

IP addressing (RFC 1918) A scalable network that integrates private addressing with a good IP addressing plan minimizes the impact of additions or reorganizations of divisions within a network

A scalable network enables companies that merge to connect at the core layer Implementation

of Network Address Translation (NAT) on routers allows you to overlap network numbers and translate them to unused address space as a temporary solution Then, overlapping network numbers can be changed on the PC or DHCP server

RFC 1918 has set aside the following IP-address space for private use:

Good network design facilitates the process of adding routers to an existing network In the

example configuration, you can perform the following changes

m Change the IP address space of the new company from network 10.0.0.0 to network

172.16.0.0 and configure NAT on routers P and Q

Tiêu đề	Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks
Trường học	University of Cisco Internetworks
Chuyên ngành	Networking / Internetworking
Thể loại	sách hướng dẫn
Năm xuất bản	2023
Thành phố	Hanoi

Định dạng
Số trang	1.155
Dung lượng	15,32 MB