The rain seems to have stopped= the rain seems at 6 pm to have stopped before six pm I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king= I met the king in 1995?. In 1997 I apprec[r]
Trang 1PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND
FORMS:
ACTIVE to see
seeing
to have seen having seen PASSIVE to be seen
being seen
to have been seen having been seen
PASSIVE INFINITIVE:
to have + past participle
(a).The rain seems to have stopped
The event expressed by a past infinitive or past gerund happened before the time of the main
verb In (a)The rain seem now to have stopped a
few minutes ago
PAST GERUND:
having + past participle
(b) I appreciate having had the opportunity to
meet the king
In (b): I meet the king yesterday I appreciate
now having had the opportunity to meet the king yesterday.
PASSIVE INFINITIVE:
To be + past participle
(c) I did not expect to be invited to his party
In (c) To be invited is passive The understood
by- phrase is “by him” I did not expect to be
invited by him.
PASSIVE GERUND:
(d) I appreciated being invited your home. In (d) being invited is passive The understood by- phrase is “by you”: I appreciated being
invited by you.
PAST PASSIVE INFINITIVE
To have been + past participle
(e) Nadia is fortune to have been given a
scholarship.
In (e) Nadia was given a scholarship lsat month
by her government She is fortune Nadia is
fortune now to have been given a scholarship last month by her government.
PAST PASSIVE GERUND;
Having been + past participle
(f) I appreciate having been told the news.
In (f): I was told the nwes yesterday by
someone I appreciate that I appreciate now
having been told the newsyesterday by someone.
Note: if the main verb is past, the action of the past infinitive or gerund happened before a time in the past:
The rain seems to have stopped= the rain seems at 6 pm to have stopped before six pm
I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king= I met the king in 1995 In 1997 I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king in 1995.
EXERCISES ON PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND Supply an appreciate form of each verb in parentheses.
1 I don’t enjoy (laugh)………at by other people
2 I am angry at him for (not/tell)……… me the truth
Trang 23 It is easy (fool)……… by his lies.
4 I expected (invite)……… to the party but I wasn’t
5 Sometimes aldolescent complain about not (understand)………
by their parents
6 Your compositions are supposed (write)……… in ink
7 JinWon had a narrow escape He was almost hit by car He barely avoid (hit)
……… by speeding automobile
8 Ms Thompson is always willing to help if there is a problem in the office, but she doesn’t want (call)……….at home if there is an
emergency
9 Jack welles has a good chance of (elect)………I know I am going
to vote for him
10.Carlos appears (lose)………some weight Has he seen ill?
11.You must tell me the truth I insit on (tell)………the truth 12.Don’t all of us want (love)……….and (need)………by othe people
13.Dear Horoki,
I feel guilty about (not/ write)………to you sooner, but I have been swarmed with work lately
14.A: You know Jim Frankenstein, don’t you?
B: Jim Frankenstein? I don’t think so I don’t recall ever (meet)
……… him
15.Mr Gow mentioned (injure)………in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details
16.Tim was in the army during the war He was caught by the enimy, but he managed
to escape He is lucky (escape)……….with his life
17.A: Is Abdul a transfer student?
B: Yes
A: where did he go before he came here?
B: I am not sure but he mentioned something about (go)
……….to Oxford or Harvard
18.We would like (invite)………to the president’s reception at the Pearl Hotel last week, but we weren’t