Tài liệu Module 2: Examining E-Business Applications doc

Instructor Notes This module describes the functional characteristics of both consumer B2C and business-to-business B2B e-commerce applications.. In addition, the module describes the no

Applications

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Instructor Notes

This module describes the functional characteristics of both consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce applications In addition, the module describes the non-functional characteristics of e-business

business-to-applications, such as security, scalability, and robustness

After completing this module, students will be able to:

Identify the functional characteristics of B2C e-commerce applications

Identify the functional characteristics of B2B e-commerce applications

Identify the non-functional characteristics of e-business applications

Materials and Preparation

This section provides the materials and preparation tasks that you need to teach this module

Required Materials

To teach this module, you need the following materials:

Microsoft® PowerPoint® file 2260A_02.ppt

Module 2, “Examining E-Business Applications”

Lab 2.1, “Examining a NET B2C Application”

Lab 2.2, “Examining a NET B2B Application”

Preparation Tasks

To prepare for this module, you should:

Read all of the materials for this module

Complete the labs

Presentation:

40 Minutes

Labs:

30 Minutes

Module Strategy

Use the following strategy to present this module:

Functional Characteristics of B2C Applications Provide an overview of B2C e-commerce Focus on the functionality required for a B2C application, and do not delve into the details of the Microsoft NET technologies that can be used to achieve the required functionality These details are provided in the later modules

Be aware that because the students are users of the Internet, they are likely

to already be familiar with B2C Web sites, even if they have not developed one of their own

Lab 2.1: Examining a NET B2C Application

In this lab, students will navigate the IBuySpy application, which is a fictitious retailer Web site that sells spy equipment Students will explore how the site implements some key requirements of B2C applications Students will also test the basic functionality of the B2C features of this application

Functional Characteristics of B2B Applications

It is less likely that students have exposure to B2B e-commerce However, you must not discount the possibility that some of the students may have already worked on such sites You must gauge the levels of exposure to B2B e-commerce that the students have had and then tailor your presentation accordingly

Emphasize how B2B e-commerce automates data processing that has traditionally been expensive and time consuming The topics on both the paper-based and automated procurement processes will help explain what B2B e-commerce is about

Lab 2.2, “Examining a NET B2B Application”

In this lab, students will explore the B2B procurement solution for a fictitious company named Litware Books Students will explore how the site implements some key requirements of the B2B procurement solution The students will also test the basic B2B functionality of the solution In the labs

of the later modules, students will develop a similar automated B2B procurement solution

Non-Functional Characteristics of E-Business Applications Explain the non-functional characteristics of an e-business application Tell the students that this section applies to both B2C and B2B e-commerce applications

The focus of this section is on the non-functional characteristics that must

be in place before any functional features, such as order processing, can be considered successfully implemented

Overview

Functional Characteristics of B2C Applications

Functional Characteristics of B2B Applications

Non-Functional Characteristics of E-Business Applications

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Business-to-consumer (B2C) Web sites are recognized as extremely useful portals to commercial organizations' offerings There are distinct commercial advantages for companies in selling their products and services to customers through the Internet If a company does not embrace online trading to improve their sales effort, it will soon become uncompetitive, and they may ultimately lose all of their business

Business-to-business (B2B) sites are recognized as useful tools for increasing the efficiency of communication with trading partners, such as suppliers or related service providers As with the B2C sites, B2B applications can dramatically improve the operating efficiency of a commercial organization This module examines the functional characteristics of a B2C application It then explores B2B applications and describes the type of functionality that can

be incorporated into this type of solution Finally, the module describes the functional characteristics of e-business applications

non-After completing this module, you will be able to:

Identify the functional characteristics of B2C e-commerce applications

Identify the functional characteristics of B2B e-commerce applications

Identify the non-functional characteristics of e-business applications

Functional Characteristics of B2C Applications

Primary goal of B2C applications is to provide an interesting and easy–to-use experience for customers

A B2C site should support the following characteristics:

Product catalogs for presenting information

Shopping carts to allow customers to store products they intend to buy

Order processing to allow customers to purchase products by placing orders

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The primary goal of B2C applications is to provide an interesting and use experience for your customer while also providing a valuable point of sale for your company This will involve allowing the online purchase of your company’s offerings and may include other features that your company can profit from, such as targeted advertising campaigns

easy-to-Most well-designed B2C sites present information about their products, allow the user to add products to the list of what they want to buy, and then allow checkout as the final step in the purchase process

Product Catalogs

A key component of your B2C e-commerce application is presenting information about your products to the potential customer in a professional and attractive manner

Presenting product catalogs and allowing those catalogs to be searched are very common operations for a sales-oriented site The aim of providing searchable catalogs is to make it easy for a customer to find and purchase products

How a product catalog is stored will have an impact on its performance For example, if the catalog is managed by a relational database management system (RDBMS), such as Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000, indexes can be created to speed up searches

You must plan your search features carefully at the beginning of the project Some issues to be considered with respect to product catalogs are:

If a catalog is on a database server, the database can be optimized for certain common types of searches, and the expected load of searching must be considered in the design phase

If the data to be searched comes from many different sources, performance, availability, and reliability of those sources must also be considered

interesting and easy-to-use

experience for your

customer

Shopping Cart

Users expect to be able to store items they intend to buy in some sort of virtual shopping cart The characteristics of this shopping cart can have a significant effect on the architecture of a site Even if the state (contents) of the shopping cart is not persistent, there are some tradeoffs involved in the shopping cart implementation used, such as being able to load balance across multiple Web servers while retaining the information contained in a shopping cart

Designing the shopping cart features is covered in Module 4, “Designing the Client Experience,” and Module 5, “Managing the Business Logic Layer,”

in Course 2260A, Designing E-Business Applications with Microsoft NET Enterprise Servers

Order Processing

Placing an order is an important activity for most sales-oriented Web sites This activity could involve many different operations combined into one transaction, such as:

Business logic to confirm available inventory and calculate shipping cost

Interoperation with other systems to charge a credit card and notify the fulfillment center

Data access to record the order and update the inventory count

Business requirements, such as the frequency and complexity of transactions desired, will have an impact on the implementation of the transaction-processing system

The details on how to handle transaction processing are covered in Module 6,

“Transaction Processing on the Business Logic Layer,” in Course 2260A,

Designing E-Business Applications with Microsoft NET Enterprise Servers

Note

Lab 2.1: Examining a NET B2C Application

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Objectives

After completing this lab, you will be able to:

Identify the key requirements of B2C applications and, in particular, the requirements related to Microsoft NET technologies

Understand the functionality of B2C applications

Scenario

The IBuySpy Web site is a fictitious retailer that sells spy equipment The Web site demonstrates the ease with which you can create powerful and scalable applications for the NET platform

In this lab, you will navigate the IBuySpy application You will explore how the site implements some key requirements of B2C applications You will also test the basic functionality of the B2C features of this application

Estimated time to complete this lab: 15 minutes

Topic Objective

To introduce the lab

Lead-in

In this lab, you will explore

the IBuySpy e-commerce

application to understand

the key requirements and

functionality of a B2C site

Exercise 1

Exploring the Key Requirements

In this exercise, you will explore the navigational and informational features of the IBuySpy Web site

To start the application

1 Start Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5

2 Navigate to http://www.IBuySpy.com

To navigate the site

1 Under the Run Online Now section, click IBuySpy Store

2 Note the promotional hyperlinks in the Our most popular items this week

To view the developers comments, descriptions, and the source code

1 Click the IBUYSPY link at the upper left corner of the site to return to the

home page

2 Click View VB Docs at the bottom of the left side navigation bar

You will see a description of the IBuySpy implementation and a list of pages, pagelets, and components that are used to build this e-business application Read the information displayed by the resultant Web page

3 Under the ASP.NET Pages heading, click the Default.aspx link Review

the information displayed

4 Close the current browser window to return to the IBuySpy Web site

Exercise 2

Testing the Basic Functionality

In this exercise, you will test the functionality of the IBuySpy Web site To do this, you will log on to the Web site, choose items to buy, and then add them to your shopping cart; finally, you will place your order

To log onto the Web site

1 On the IBuySpy Web site, click the Sign In link at the top of the page

2 Click the Register link

3 Type your full name

4 Type your e-mail address

5 Type a password, and then confirm the password

6 Click Submit to submit your details

7 Click the IBUYSPY link at the upper left corner of the site to return to the

home page

Notice that the welcome message displays your name

To add items to your shopping cart

1 Use the navigation links for the categories of products to review the details

of six or seven products

2 Add some of your favorite items to your shopping cart by clicking Add to Cart on each of the product pages

Make sure that you have at least four items in your cart before continuing with step 3

3 When you have at least four items in your cart, click Cart at the top of the

page

You must be able to see the details of your chosen products, such as model, quantity, and price

4 Remove one of the product lines in your cart by selecting the corresponding

Remove check box

5 For another product, increase the quantity to three

6 Click Update your Shopping Cart to recalculate its contents

7 Review the details

To check out your order

1 Click Final Check Out

You will be shown a review of your order and the total cost of the products

in the cart

2 Click Submit to complete the purchasing process

Note that you have an order number

3 Click Account at the top of the page

An account history appears Note that your order number matches that assigned to your checked-out order

Functional Characteristics of B2B Applications

Exchanging Business Data

Value-Chain Integration

The Procurement Process

Automating the Procurement Process

Extending B2B Solutions

Comparing B2B Procurement with B2C Solutions

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B2B e-commerce is primarily concerned with streamlining the business process that is undertaken by your company and its trading partners This involves exchanging business data, such as procurement details, electronically The efficiency gains that can be made from this basic concept are considerable Another key function of B2B e-commerce is value-chain integration, which consists of tight integration across suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors B2B e-commerce improves corporate purchasing by automating the

procurement process

This section focuses on the key functional characteristics of B2B solutions You will learn about the issues involved in developing B2B solutions Finally, you will look at the similarities and differences between B2B procurement and B2C solutions to understand better the functions of each application

Exchanging Business Data

Transport Protocols for Data Exchange

Formats for Data Exchange

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There are a number of issues involved in communicating electronically with your business partners, especially with the exchange of business data The two primary issues are:

The type of transport that will be used for the exchange of data

The format of any data that must be exchanged

Transport Protocols for Data Exchange

There are a number of transport choices for exchanging data with your business partners

Distributed object call

Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) is a distributed object mechanism that allows software on one system to call the methods in the components of another system DCOM is a powerful and sophisticated mechanism that can be used for making remote method calls, including the propagation of transactions between systems However, like other distributed object mechanisms, DCOM does not penetrate Internet firewalls very well In addition, systems based on synchronous, interface-based systems such as DCOM can be rather inflexible when compared to Extensible Markup Language (XML)–based messaging systems You will learn more about DCOM

in Module 7, “Integrating with External Systems,” in Course 2260A, Designing E-Business Applications with Microsoft NET Enterprise Servers

HTTP POST/GET

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) provides a standard mechanism for encoding information sent from a browser to a Web application This same mechanism can be used to automatically submit information to a Web-based supplier system The information sent can be encoded as simple name/value pairs Alternatively, more structure can be added to the contents by using XML HTTP does have disadvantages, including the need for a new connection for each call and the lack of standard routing and method-invocation mechanisms

especially with the

exchange of business data

XMLP

Extensible Markup Language Protocol (XMLP), which is the new name for Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), provides a remote procedure call mechanism that uses XML messages that are delivered over HTTP This mechanism alleviates some of the firewall issues that come up with traditional distributed object mechanisms, such as DCOM, while also delivering some of the flexibility of XML-based systems XMLP is an industry standard You will learn more about XMLP in Module 7, “Integrating with External Systems,” in

Course 2260A, Designing E-Business Applications with Microsoft NET Enterprise Servers

Asynchronous mechanisms

All of the mechanisms you have seen earlier in this topic are synchronous As such, if the server to be contacted is not available, the call will fail In addition, sometimes it is better to queue certain types of calls so that they can be

delivered at a later time This technique, which is asynchronous, is particularly important when considering scalability For increased scalability, asynchronous messages passed over Microsoft Message Queue Server (MSMQ) or e-mail would be a better mechanism

Formats for Data Exchange

There are various formats that systems use to exchange business data

Electronic Data Interchange

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) defines a set of standard document types that can be exchanged between business partners, such as purchase orders, invoices, product descriptions, and shipping schedules The overhead of the protocols for using EDI is relatively small; however, an application will require custom software to process EDI messages In addition, EDI is expensive to implement and maintain

Extensible Markup Language

Despite having a higher overhead because it is more verbose than EDI, XML is seen as the de facto data exchange format for e-business XML provides the level of flexibility that is required for systems that are part of the rapidly changing e-business environment XML can be used over HTTP, as part of a XMLP message, or enclosed in a binary object You will learn more about using XML for data exchange in Module 8, “Exchanging Business Data,” in

Course 2260A, Designing E-Business Applications with Microsoft NET Enterprise Servers

Value-Chain Integration

Supports direct trading of goods and services between organizations by tightly integrating businesses

A typical implementation of value-chain integration can:

Monitor stock levels and automatically reorder when required

Generate and deliver purchase orders

Accept and process invoices

Dynamically order custom parts as orders are received

Perform price comparisons between different suppliers

Benefits of Integration

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One of the principal goals of B2B solutions is to improve integration with suppliers For example, a computer manufacturer can link to the suppliers of processors, memory, and hard disks to automate the ordering of such components as stock diminishes This type of strong integration by using B2B technologies is termed value-chain integration or supply-chain integration

Tightening the Value Chain

Value-chain solutions are geared toward the direct trading of goods and services between organizations This has some similarities with B2C e-commerce because a business buyer is purchasing goods from a supplier However, the difference between the two types of e-business is in the degree of automation and the extent to which the goods being traded are core to the business of the purchaser Value-chain integration typically involves less repetitive human involvement in the business process and little or no paper-based forms

Manufacturers, dealers, distributors, and retailers can all benefit from chain integration In any scenario, these organizations take basic products from suppliers and add some value to these products before ultimately delivering them to the customer

Generates and delivers purchase orders

Accepts and processes invoices

Dynamically orders custom parts as customer orders are received

Performs price comparisons between different suppliers

To provide the most benefit, the key to such integration systems is maximizing the level of automation This will require the implementer to identify

mechanisms for connectivity, authentication, and data exchange between the organizations

Benefits of Integration

Value-chain integration is intended to remove some of the obstacles to becoming a successful e-business The benefits of value-chain integration include:

Improved trading partner response time for business transactions

Reduced time to market products

Increased flexibility for dealing with both customers and suppliers

Minimized operating overheads, such as surplus inventory

Reduction in, or removal of, the administrative costs associated with ordering from suppliers

The potential for obtaining the best price for a particular component or product

The Procurement Process

The sequence of events in the traditional paper-based procurement process is:

1 Obtain product information

2 Create the order

3 Obtain approval and submit the order

4 Fulfill the order

5 Ship the product

6 Receive the goods

7 Pay for the goods

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B2B procurement is simply the electronic automation of traditional business practices

To understand the process to be automated, consider the sequence of events that are involved in obtaining goods or services through a traditional, paper-based corporate purchasing cycle:

1 Obtain product information

The requisitioner would have to obtain information about products that are available either from suppliers or from the corporate purchasing department For example, a requisitioner may have to contact a variety of computer dealers to enquire about product availability and cost

2 Create the order

The requisitioner can then create his or her order by completing a based form To do this successfully, the requisitioner must know what parts

paper-of the form to fill out and how to fill them out correctly, including the entry

of information, such as cost codes and vendor codes

3 Obtain approval and submit the order

The requisitioner must then seek approval from the relevant authorizer In some situations, authorization may require several signatures The requisitioner will be responsible for sending the form to the correct individual or individuals After the requisition has been approved, a manual purchase order is generated and then submitted to the supplier for

fulfillment

4 Fulfill the order

When the purchase order is delivered to the supplier, the supplier checks that the product is currently in stock and that the quoted price is valid The supplier can then fulfill the order

Topic Objective

To explain the traditional

procurement process, which