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Tiêu đề TOEFL Princeton Sample Questions 3 Grammar Notes
Tác giả Diaboss
Chuyên ngành TOEFL
Thể loại Grammar notes
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Số trang 16
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--- who was the first Black woman to run for the office of President of the United States in1972.. A sailing directions are studied B study the sailing directions C to direct sailing stu

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TOEFL 普林斯顿样题 3 语法笔记

编委:Diaboss

1 Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile strength, appearance, -

(A) is hard

(B) although hard

(C) has hardness

(D) and hardness

Key:D

分析:考点是并列平行结构。介词后为平行结构,正确答案为 D。

(A)两个谓语动词,使句子结构混乱;

(B)although 为连词,后面不能接形容词;

(C)理由同(A)。

参考译文:钴在张力、外观和硬度方面与铁和镍类似。

2 - who was the first Black woman to run for the office of President of the United States in1972

(A) Shirley S Chisholm

(B) It was Shirley S Chisholm

(C) Shirley S Chisholm was

(D) When Shirley S Chisholm

Key:B

分析:考点是 it 引导的强调句型。很明显该句为强调句型,答案为(B)。

(A)、(B)、(C)使句子结构混乱。

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参考译文:1972 年 Shirley S Chisholm 成为第一位竞选美国总统的黑人妇女。

3 - versatile performer, soprano Kathleen Battle has often concluded a program of art songs and arias with selections from ragtime or popular music

(A) A

(B) Which

(C) So

(D) Because

Key:A

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。该句的主谓宾齐全,逗号前的成分是主语的同位 语,空格处应该为冠词。

参考译文:作为一位多才多艺的表演家,女高音歌唱家 Kathleen Battle 通常选择拉格泰姆音 乐或通俗音乐来结束艺术歌曲和咏叹调节目。

4 Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, - , and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter

(A) sailing directions are studied

(B) study the sailing directions

(C) to direct sailing studies

(D) studies direct sailing

Key:B

分析:考点是平行结构。该句谓语为并列的动词短语构成的平行结构,答案为 B。

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(C)不定式不能直接作谓语;

参考译文:在开始海上航行之前,谨慎的航海家们钻研航海图,学习航海指导,并且记忆灯 塔的位置以便为任何可能遇到的状况做好准备。

5 - social nesting birds that build their nests in trees and on cliffs

(A) The most storks

(B) Most are storks

(C) Most storks are

(D) Storks most

Key:C

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。空格处缺少句子的主语和谓语,故(C)正确。

参考译文:绝大多数的鹳都群居并且筑巢,它们的巢建在树和悬崖上。

6 Plankton, - , is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean

(A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants

(B) is the name given to minute marine animals and plants

(C) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants

(D) minute marine animals and plants collectively that

Key:C

分析:考点是同位语。句子主谓宾齐全,空格处应该为主语的同位语。只有(C)是名词性 短语。

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(B)理由同(A);

参考译文:浮游生物是微小海洋动植物的总称,也是所有海洋生物基本的食物来源。

7 The best-known diffuse nebula is the great Orion Nebula, - can be seen by the naked eye

(A) one

(B) it

(C) which

(D) who

Key:C

分析:考点是定语从句。逗号后为定语从句,空格处应该为定语从句的引导词。

(A)、(B)都不是引导词。定语从句修饰 great Orion Nebula, 而(D)who 指代人,错 误。

参考译文:最广为人知的弥漫星云是猎户座大星云,它能用肉眼看见。

8 Of all the economically important plants, palms have been -

(A) the least studied

(B) study the least

(C) study less and less

(D) to study the less

Key:A

分析:考点是形容词最高级固定搭配。the least/most+分词/形容词或副词为固定搭配。故只 有(A)正确。

参考译文:在所有具有经济上重要性的植物中,棕榈是人们研究最少的。

9 Most amphibians hatch from eggs laid in water or moist ground, and begin life -

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water-dwelling larvae

(A) such

(B) as

(C) to be

(D) are

Key:B

分析:考点是固定搭配。begin sth as+名词是固定搭配,故只有(B)正确。

参考译文:绝大多数两栖动物从产在水里或潮湿地面上的卵中孵化出来,并且以水生幼虫的 形式开始生活。

10 At the Seventh International Ballet Competitions, Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever - to a United States male dancer

(A) to be awarded

(B) to award

(C) that awards

(D) should be awarding

Key:A

分析:考点是动词的语态。the first+名词+(ever)to do 是固定短语。而根据句子意思应 该用被动语态,故只有(A)正确。

参考译文:在第七届国际芭蕾舞竞赛上,Fernando Bujones 为美国男舞蹈家赢得了历史上第 一块金牌。

11 Founded around 1075, the Acoma pueblo is considered - settlement in the United States

(A) the oldest continuously occupied

(B) occupied continuously the oldest

(C) the oldest occupied continuously

(D) continuously the oldest occupied

Key:A

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分析:考点是修饰词的语序(the + 最高级+adv+(分词+adj)+noun.+noun)。空格处为名

词 settlement 的定语,其顺序应为定冠词 the 在最前,过去分词 occupied 表示被修饰名词的 状态,放在最后,故(A)正确。

参考译文:建立于 1075 年左右的 Acoma 印第安人村庄被认为是美国最古老的长期聚居地。

12 On March 1, 1867, - to the Union when President Andrew Johnson’s veto was overridden

(A) since the state of Nebraska had been admitted

(B) admitted that the state of Nebraska

(C) the admission of the state of Nebraska

(D) the state of Nebraska was admitted

Key:D

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。空格处应该为句子的主谓部分,故(D)正确。

参考译文:1867 年 3 月 1 日,当 Andrew Johnson 总统的否决被推翻时,内布拉斯加得以成 为美国的一个州。

13 The best known of all the Arctic birds, -

(A) birdwatchers favor ptarmigans

(B) being ptarmigans and birdwatchers’ favorites

(C) favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchers

(D) ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers

Key:D

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。空格处缺少句子的主干成分,四个选项中只有(D)

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构成完整的句子。逗号前为主语的同位语。

参考译文:雷鸟是所有北极鸟类中最广为人知的一种,也是鸟类观察者最喜爱的一种。

14 Nearly all trees contain a mix of polymers that can burn like petroleum - properly extracted

(A) after

(B) if

(C) when it

(D) is

Key:B

分析:考点状语从句省略结构。是当 if 引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句的相同时,可以 省略主语和助动词。类似的还有 though、although 和 when。(B)相当于 if they are。

参考译文:几乎所有的树都含有一种混和的聚合体,这种聚合体经过合适的提炼后可以像汽 油一样燃烧。

15 Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people -

(A) do

(B) hear

(C) do them

(D) hearing it

Key:A

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。before 引导的状语从句缺少谓语动词,此处为 sense 和主句相同,故用 do 代替。故(A)正确。

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参考译文:敏锐的听觉有助于大多数的动物先于人很久就能感觉到暴风雨的来临。

16 Emily Dickinson, one of the greatest poets of the United States, was entirely almost

A B C

unknown to the people of her own time

D Key:C

分析:考点是语序。almost 应该紧接在系动词之后,故(C)错。

改正:entirely almostÆ almost entirely

参考译文:作为美国最伟大的诗人之一,Emily Dickinson 几乎完全不为她那个时代的人所 知。

17 Charcoal is employed widely as a deodorizer because it absorbs gases good

A B C D

分析:考点词性搭配。是修饰谓语动词应该用副词,不能用形容词 good。

改正:goodÆ well

参考译文:木炭因为其对气体良好的吸收而被广泛用作除臭剂。

18 Abstract Expressionism was a movement in American painting that flourished from the

A B C mid-1940’s and mid 1950’s

D

分析:考点是固定搭配。from…to 为固定搭配,不能用 and。

改正:andÆ to

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参考译文:抽象表现主义是美国绘画界的一场运动,繁荣于二十世纪四十年代中期至五十年 代中期。

19 The National Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City pay tribute to everyone

A B

associated with what Americans call the “Old West.”

C D

分析:考点是主谓一致。主语为第三人称单数的 The National Cowboy Hall,谓语动词也应 该用单数。

改正:payÆ pays

参考译文:位于俄克拉荷马城的美国国家牛仔名人堂向和美国人所谓的“旧西部”有关的任何 人致敬。

20 Scientists can detect when someone is dreaming by using an electroencephalograph,

A B

a machine that registers difference brain waves in a sleeping individual

C D

分析:考点是词性搭配。修饰名词不能用名词 difference,应该用形容词 different。

改正:difference Æ different

参考译文:通过使用脑电图仪这种可以记录睡眠个体不同脑电波的仪器,科学家们可以在人 们睡眠时进行探测。

21 The Obie Awards have been given annually for 1956 to outstanding artists in

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Key :B

分析:考点是词的误用。句子为完成时态,因此在具体的时间之前应该用 since。

改正:forÆ since

参考译文:自 1956 年以来,Obie 奖每年都颁给百老汇以外剧目中的杰出艺术家们。

22 The earliest soaps were made of many different kind of raw materials

A B C D

分析:考点是名词单复数。many 修饰可数名词,其后名词应该用复数,故(D)。

改正:kindÆ kinds

参考译文:最早的肥皂由很多不同种类的原材料制成。

23 Because geophysics embraces the concepts, data, and methods of variety other

A B

sciences, it is very board in scope, and its boundaries are hard to define

C D

分析:考点是形容词用法(词性搭配)。修饰名词应该用形容词 various,或形容性词组 a variety

改正:variety otherÆ various other 或 a variety of other

参考译文:由于地球物理学包含了多种其它学科的概念、数据和方法,所以它的领域非常广

泛,它的范围也难以界定。

24 A while oak at Rutgers University is said to had been the inspiration for Joyce Kilmer’s

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A B C

poem “Trees”

D

分析:考点是动词不定式。is said to 后应该接动词原形,因此(B)错误。

改正:had beenÆ have been

参考译文:据说 Joyce Kilmer’s 的诗《树》的灵感来源于一棵长在 Rutgers 大学的白橡树。

25 Starfish move, feed, and breathes with their tube feet

A B C D

分析: 考点是平行结构。谓语部分为平行结构,故动词 breath 形式应该同 move 和 feed 一致。

改正:breathesÆ breath

参考译文:海星用它们的管状触手移动、喂食和呼吸。

26 The Whitney Museum continues to reflect the diversity of the art of the United Stated

A B C

in all of it acquisitions

D

分析: 考点是修饰名词应该用形容词性代词 its,不能用名词性代词 it。

改正:itÆ its

参考译文:通过它所有的收藏品,Whitney 博物馆一直都反映着美国艺术的多样性。

27 Photovoltaics, commonly called “solar cells,” convert sunlight direct into electricity

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Key :C

分析: 考点是副词用法(词性搭配)。修饰动词短语应该用副词 directly,不能用形容词 direct。

改正:directÆ directly

参考译文:光电子通常被称为太阳能电池,能够直接将太阳光能转化成电能。

28 Despite the broad acclaim of him novels, James Baldwin is most highly respected as

A B C D

an essayist and social critic

分析: 考点是代词用法。修饰名词应该用形容词性代词 his,不能用人称代词 him。

改正:himÆ his

参考译文:尽管 James Baldwin 的小说受到了广泛赞扬,但他最为人认可的却是作为散文家

和社会评论家。

29 Along the East Coast, American India women’s councils could vote a declaration of

A B C

war at refusing to supply moccasins and field rations

D

分析: 考点是固定搭配。表示用某种方式时应该用介词 by +doing,不能用 at。

改正:atÆ by

参考译文:考点是沿着东海岸,美国印第安妇女议会可以通过拒绝供应鹿皮鞋和口粮来建议

宣战。

30 In proportion to its size, the hungriest animal is the shrew, which must consume

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A B

several times their own weight every day

C D Key:C

分析: 考点是代词用法。代词指代名词 shrew,应该为单数形式,故 their 错误。

改正:theirÆ its

参考译文:就同身体大小的比例而言,地鼠是最贪吃的动物,它每天必须消耗自身体重几倍 的食物。

31 The novels of Pearl S Buck show a keen understanding of China and Chinese

A B

people, knowledge which learned by living there for many years

C D

分析: 考点是动词的时态。which 指代 knowledge,在引导的定语从句中做主语,和 learn 之

间是被动关系,应该用被动语态。故 C 错误。

改正:which learnedÆ which is learned

参考译文:赛珍珠的小说反映了她对中国和中国人民的深刻理解,以及她通过在中国生活多 年而学到的知识。

32 North America has eight time zone, ranging from Newfoundland on the East Coast to

A B C D Alaska on the West Coast

分析: 考点是名词单复数。可数名词 zone 前有 eight 修饰,应该用复数形式。

改正:zoneÆ zones

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参考译文:北美有八个时区,从东海岸的纽芬兰延伸到西海岸的阿拉斯加。

33 Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and

A B C D

trade

分析: 考点是名词单复数。动名词 advertising 前不能加不定冠词 an,应该去掉。

改正:an advertisingÆ advertising

参考译文:历史学家们相信某些形式的广告很可能和物品交换以及贸易一样古老。

34 Although fluorine tests and x-ray analyses, archaeologists can prove the validity of

A B C D artifacts

分析: 考点是状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用。although 为转折连词引导从句,句子

中 although 后面接名词词组,错误。应改为介词 with。

改正:althoughÆ with

参考译文:利用氟测试和 X 射线分析,考古学家们可以辨明史前古器物的真伪。

35 Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation, and generating

A B C

electricity for the surrounding area

D

分析: 考点是动词的平行结构。由平行结构可知,and 后面的动词应该和 control 和 provide

一样使用动词原形,故 generating 错误。

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改正:generatingÆ generate

参考译文:堤坝被用来控制洪水,提供灌溉用水以及为周围地区发电。

36 The development of photographic techniques and equipment provided an important

A b

aid to industry, medical, and research

C D

分析: 考点是名词的平行结构。medical 为形容词,由平行结构可知,应该用名词 medicine。

改正:medical Æ medicine

参考译文:摄影技术和设备的发展为工业、医学和研究提供了重要的帮助。

37 United States tennis championship Pancho Gonzales gained international acclaim for

A B C his strong serve

D

分析: 考点是表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用。championship 指冠军的地位或称

号,此处指人应该用 champion。

改正:championship Æchampion

参考译文:美国网球冠军 Pancho Gonzales 因其强力发球赢得了国际上的普遍赞誉。

38 Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means of

A B C

on-the-spot, alive reports

D

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分析:考点是作定语,名词和形容词的混用。alive 多用作表语,不能用作定语修饰名词。 作定语应该用 live。

改正:alive Ælive

参考译文:很多电视新闻广播员通过现场的、生动的报导使得观众成为新闻的目击者。

39 Certain zoologists regard crows and ravens are the most intelligent of birds

A B C D

分析:考点是固定搭配。regard 一般不接从句,regard…as…是固定短语,故 B 错误。 改正:areÆas

参考译文:一些动物学家认为乌鸦和渡鸦是所有鸟类中最聪明的。

40 While the twentieth century, the field of dentistry has developed braches that

A B

specialize in the treatment of individual dental problems

C D

分析:考点是状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用。while 作为连词应该接从句,此处接 名词短语,错误。

改正:WhileÆIn 或 During

参考译文:二十世纪牙科医学领域派生出了专门研究个人牙病治疗的分支学科。

编写:diaboss,2002,6,29。

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