Tài liệu Index_final pdf

See IF statement CONSTANT keyword, 21Ć7 constraint... See cursor CURSOR statement.. See data control language DDL.. See data definition language DROP INDEX command, 15Ć19 DROP SEQUENCE c

Symbols

; See semicolon

: See colon

:= See assignment operator

" See quotation marks

`' See quotation marks

(+) See outer join operator

& See ampersand

# See unique identifier

- See dash

* See asterisk

|| See concatenation operator

A

ACCEPT command, 7Ć15, 11Ć17

active set, 24Ć11, 24Ć13, 24Ć15

alias

column, 1Ć21, 2Ć7, 14Ć11

table, 4Ć13

ALTER SEQUENCE command, 13Ć17

ALTER TABLE command, 12Ć7

ADD clause, 12Ć7

add columns, 12Ć7

ADD constraint clause, 12Ć11

DEFAULT keyword, 12Ć7

DISABLE clause, 12Ć15

DROP constraint clause, 12Ć11

ENABLE clause, 12Ć15

MODIFY clause, 12Ć9

modify columns, 12Ć9

NOT NULL constraint, 12Ć7

ALTER USER command, password, 16Ć13

alternate key, 8Ć25

ampersand (&), 7Ć9, 11Ć17, 20Ć21

single, 7Ć9

anonymous block, 18Ć11, 18Ć13

application partitioning, 19Ć11 argument, 20Ć11

IN, 20Ć13, 22Ć19 arithmetic expressions, 1Ć13 arithmetic operators, 1Ć13, 3Ć25 ASC, 2Ć5

assignment operator, 21Ć7, 21Ć29, 22Ć21 asterisk (*), 1Ć9, 8Ć33

attribute, 8Ć15

%FOUND, 24Ć17

%ISOPEN, 24Ć17, 24Ć19

%NOTFOUND, 24Ć17

%ROWCOUNT, 24Ć17, 24Ć19

%ROWTYPE, 21Ć23

%TYPE, 21Ć13, 22Ć9 cursor, 24Ć25 definition, 8Ć13 explicit cursor, 24Ć17

B

B*Tree See index BINARY_INTEGER, 21Ć15 block, 18Ć9

Boolean condition, 23Ć7, 23Ć13 breakpoint, 19Ć37, 19Ć39, 19Ć41 setting, 19Ć37

BTITLE command, CĆ17 built-in package, 19Ć19 button

Go, 19Ć39 reset, 19Ć39 Step Into, 19Ć39 Step Out, 19Ć39 Step Over, 19Ć39 Vertical Button Bar, 19Ć21

Call Stack, 19Ć43

candidate key, 8Ć25

Cartesian Product, 4Ć7

character function, 3Ć9

character pattern matching, 2Ć21

CHECK constraint, 8Ć23, 9Ć15, 9Ć23

code

breakpoint, 19Ć41

commenting, 21Ć43

conventions, 21Ć45

debugging, 19Ć37, 21Ć43, 25Ć11

naming, 21Ć45

stepping through, 19Ć39

testing, 19Ć37, 19Ć43

colon (:), 21Ć41

column, IĆ11

column alias, 1Ć21, 2Ć7, 14Ć11

See also column heading

COLUMN command, 1Ć45

format model elements, 1Ć49

column constraint, 9Ć17

CHECK, 9Ć23

FOREIGN KEY, 9Ć21

NOT NULL, 9Ć19

PRIMARY KEY, 9Ć21

UNIQUE, 9Ć19

column heading, 1Ć11

command file, CĆ15

comment, 21Ć43

delimiter, 21Ć25

COMMENT command, 12Ć21

COMMIT command, 24Ć27

COMMIT statement, 11Ć37, 11Ć41, 22Ć27

comparison operator See operator

compile, 19Ć31, 20Ć7

steps, 19Ć29

composite primary key, 8Ć25

compound primary key, 8Ć25

concatenation operator, 1Ć23 condition, 23Ć25

conditional construct See IF statement CONSTANT keyword, 21Ć7

constraint See CHECK constraint; FOREIGN KEY constraint; NOT NULL constraint; PRIMARY KEY constraint; UNIQUE constraint

constraints, 9Ć15 column, 9Ć17 data integrity, 8Ć23 column, 8Ć23 entity, 8Ć23 referential, 8Ć23 user-defined, 8Ć23 table, 9Ć17

control structure, 18Ć5, 23Ć5

IF statement, syntax, 23Ć7 loop, 23Ć17

conversion function, 3Ć33 COUNT function, 5Ć11 CREATE FUNCTION command, 20Ć7 RETURN statement, 20Ć17

CREATE INDEX command, 15Ć13 CREATE PROCEDURE command, 20Ć7 CREATE SEQUENCE command, 13Ć7 CREATE SYNONYM command, 16Ć25 CREATE TABLE command, 9Ć7, 9Ć25 subquery, 9Ć31

CREATE USER command, 16Ć7 CREATE VIEW command, 14Ć7 WITH CHECK OPTION clause, 14Ć17 WITH READ ONLY option, 14Ć19 Cue Cards, 19Ć13

CURRVAL, 9Ć9, 13Ć13 cursor, 22Ć23, 24Ć5 attribute, 24Ć25 explicit, 22Ć7, 22Ć15, 24Ć5, 24Ć7, 24Ć21 attributes, 24Ć17

closing, 24Ć15 CURSOR statement, 24Ć9

declaring, 24Ć9

FETCH statement, 24Ć13

fetching, syntax, 24Ć13

FOR UPDATE clause, 24Ć27

opening, 24Ć11, 24Ć23

WHERE CURRENT OF clause, 24Ć27

FOR loop, 24Ć25

implicit, 22Ć23, 24Ć5

cursor FOR loop See cursor

CURSOR statement See cursor

D

dash (-), 11Ć17

data control language (DCL), IĆ25, 9Ć7,

11Ć35, 22Ć5

ALTER USER command, 16Ć13

CREATE ROLE command, 16Ć11

CREATE SYNONYM command, 16Ć25

CREATE USER command, 16Ć7

DROP SYNONYM command, 16Ć27

GRANT command, 16Ć15

REVOKE command, 16Ć23

data definition language (DDL), IĆ25, 9Ć7,

11Ć35, 19Ć25

ALTER TABLE command, 12Ć5

COMMENT command, 12Ć5

CREATE TABLE command, 9Ć7

DROP TABLE command, 12Ć17

RENAME command, 12Ć5

TRUNCATE command, 12Ć5

data dictionary, 9Ć17, 9Ć33, 10Ć5

DICT_COLUMNS, 10Ć9

DICTIONARY, 10Ć9

privileges, 16Ć21

USER_CONS_COLUMNS, 10Ć15, 12Ć13

USER_CONSTRAINTS, 10Ć13, 12Ć13

USER_IND_COLUMNS, 15Ć17

USER_INDEXES, 15Ć17

USER_OBJECTS, 10Ć9, 13Ć11

USER_SEQUENCES, 13Ć11

USER_VIEWS, 14Ć21

data integrity constraints, IĆ15, 8Ć23

data manipulation language (DML), IĆ25, 11Ć5, 11Ć35, 22Ć5, 22Ć23

DELETE statement, 11Ć29 INSERT command, 11Ć7 UPDATE statement, 11Ć21 view, 14Ć15, 14Ć19 database, IĆ9 database design, 8Ć5 table instance chart, 8Ć29 database security, 16Ć5 Database Trigger editor, 19Ć5, 19Ć9 datatype, 9Ć13, 21Ć9

BINARY_INTEGER, 21Ć15 composite, 21Ć15 conversion, 21Ć39 parameter, 24Ć23 scalar, 21Ć9 date format elements, 3Ć37 date function, 3Ć27

DBMS_SQL package, 22Ć5 DCL See data control language DDL See data definition language debug action, 19Ć33, 19Ć35, 19Ć37 declarative section, 18Ć9, 21Ć5 DEFAULT keyword, 9Ć7, 9Ć9, 12Ć7, 21Ć7 default value, 22Ć19

DEFINE command, 7Ć15 DELETE statement, 11Ć29, 22Ć19 DESC, 2Ć5

DESCRIBE command, 1Ć39, 9Ć33, 10Ć13 DISTINCT keyword, 1Ć31

DML See data definition language DROP INDEX command, 15Ć19 DROP SEQUENCE command, 13Ć19 DROP SYNONYM command, 16Ć27 DROP TABLE command, 12Ć17 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS option, 12Ć17 DROP VIEW command, 14Ć23

DUAL table, 3Ć23

E

empty string (`'), 11Ć9

entity, 8Ć15

definition, 8Ć13

entity relationship model, 8Ć13, 8Ć29

attribute, 8Ć13

entity, 8Ć13

normalization, 8Ć21

relationship, 8Ć13

equijoin, 4Ć11

error handling See exception-handling

section

exception, 18Ć9, 22Ć13, 22Ć15, 24Ć11, 25Ć5

INVALID_CURSOR, 24Ć15, 25Ć11

NO_DATA_FOUND, 22Ć15, 22Ć17, 25Ć5,

25Ć11

non-predefined Oracle7 Server error,

25Ć7, 25Ć15

predefined Oracle7 Server error, 25Ć7,

25Ć11

propagating, 25Ć5, 25Ć21

RAISE statement, 25Ć5, 25Ć17

SQLCODE, 25Ć19

SQLERRM, 25Ć19

TOO_MANY_ROWS, 22Ć15, 22Ć17, 25Ć11

trapping, 25Ć5

syntax, 25Ć9

user-defined, 25Ć7, 25Ć17

WHEN OTHERS clause, 25Ć9, 25Ć19

exception-handling section, 18Ć9, 20Ć5,

21Ć5, 25Ć5, 25Ć9

executable section, 18Ć9, 21Ć5, 25Ć5

EXECUTE command, 20Ć21

EXIT statement See loop

export, program unit, 19Ć29

F

FETCH statement See cursor

field, IĆ11

footer See BTITLE command FOR UPDATE clause, 24Ć27 foreign key, IĆ11, 8Ć27, 8Ć37 FOREIGN KEY constraint, 8Ć23, 9Ć15, 9Ć21, 9Ć31

ON DELETE CASCADE, 9Ć23 function, 3Ć5, 18Ć13, 20Ć5, 22Ć23 character, 3Ć9

CONCAT, 3Ć9 INITCAP, 3Ć9 LENGTH, 3Ć9 LOWER, 3Ć9 NVL, 3Ć9 SUBSTR, 3Ć9 UPPER, 3Ć9 conversion, 3Ć33 See also date format elements TO_CHAR, 3Ć33, 3Ć35, 3Ć45 TO_DATE, 3Ć33, 3Ć49 TO_NUMBER, 3Ć33, 3Ć49 date, 3Ć27

ADD_MONTHS, 3Ć27 LAST_DAY, 3Ć27 MONTHS_BETWEEN, 3Ć27 NEXT_DAY, 3Ć27

ROUND, 3Ć27 TRUNC, 3Ć27 group, 5Ć5 AVG, 5Ć7 COUNT, 5Ć7 MAX, 5Ć7 MIN, 5Ć7 STDDEV, 5Ć7 SUM, 5Ć7 VARIANCE, 5Ć7

in SQL statements, 20Ć25 invoking, 20Ć25

multiple row, 3Ć5 nesting, 3Ć51 number, 3Ć17 MOD, 3Ć17 ROUND, 3Ć17 TRUNC, 3Ć17 NVL, 1Ć29 single row, 3Ć5, 3Ć7 SQL, 20Ć15

SQLCODE, 25Ć19

SQLERRM, 25Ć19

standalone, 20Ć23

syntax, 20Ć17

SYSDATE, 3Ć23, 3Ć25

TO_DATE, 11Ć13

user-defined, 20Ć15

G

Go button, 19Ć39

GRANT command, 16Ć9

object privileges, 16Ć15

PUBLIC keyword, 16Ć19

WITH GRANT OPTION clause, 16Ć19

GRANT ROLE command, 16Ć11

GROUP BY clause, 5Ć13, 5Ć19, 5Ć23

group function, 5Ć5

subquery, 6Ć13

H

HAVING clause, 5Ć21, 5Ć25

group function, 5Ć25

header See TTITLE command

help

Cue Cards, 19Ć13

online, 19Ć9

Quick Tour, 19Ć11

I

identifier, 18Ć5, 20Ć23, 21Ć7, 21Ć25, 22Ć9,

22Ć21, 25Ć5

IF statement, 23Ć5

nested, 23Ć11

syntax See control structure

IN mode, 20Ć11

IN OUT mode, 20Ć11, 20Ć19

index, 15Ć5

B*Tree, 15Ć5, 15Ć9

concatenated, 15Ć11

CREATE INDEX command, 15Ć13

DROP INDEX command, 15Ć19 guidelines, 15Ć15

non-unique, 15Ć11 optimization, 15Ć7 ROWID, 15Ć9 single column, 15Ć11 UNIQUE, 9Ć19, 9Ć21, 15Ć11 INSERT statement, 11Ć7, 22Ć19 subquery, 11Ć19

integration, 18Ć7 Interpreter, 19Ć9, 19Ć23 Interpreter pane, 19Ć23, 19Ć25 INTO clause, 22Ć7, 22Ć9, 24Ć9, 24Ć13 INVALID_CURSOR exception, 24Ć15

J

join Cartesian Product, 4Ć7 equijoin, 4Ć11

non-equijoin, 4Ć19 outer, 4Ć21

self join, 4Ć25 simple, 4Ć9 table alias, 4Ć17 table prefix, 4Ć13 WHERE clause, 4Ć9 join condition, 4Ć5

L

lexical unit, 21Ć25 library, 19Ć19, 19Ć21 attached, 19Ć19 LIKE operator, 2Ć21 literal, 1Ć25, 21Ć25 logical condition, 23Ć13 login.sql file, 7Ć19, CĆ11 loop, 23Ć17

basic, 23Ć5 syntax, 23Ć17 cursor FOR, 24Ć25

EXIT statement, 23Ć5, 23Ć17

FOR, 23Ć5

syntax, 23Ć21

labels, 23Ć27

nested, 23Ć27

WHILE, 23Ć5

syntax, 23Ć25

with cursors, 24Ć17, 24Ć19

looping constructs, 23Ć5

M

mode

IN, 20Ć11

IN OUT, 20Ć11

OUT, 20Ć11

model See entity relationship model

modularity, 18Ć5

multiple row subquery, 6Ć17

N

naming guidelines, 9Ć11

naming rules, 9Ć11

nested block, 21Ć27

nesting functions See function

NEXTVAL, 9Ć9, 13Ć13

NO_DATA_FOUND exception See

exception

node, 19Ć21

normalization, 8Ć21

NOT NULL constraint, 1Ć27, 8Ć25, 8Ć33,

9Ć15, 9Ć19, 9Ć31, 9Ć33, 12Ć7

NOT NULL keyword, 21Ć7, 21Ć13

NULL keyword, 11Ć9

null value, IĆ11, 1Ć27, 2Ć25, 8Ć27, 21Ć7

number function, 3Ć17

NVL function, 1Ć29

O

Object Navigator, 19Ć5, 19Ć9, 19Ć15, 19Ć27, 19Ć37

ON DELETE CASCADE See FOREIGN KEY constraint

OPEN cursor See cursor operator, 21Ć35

AND, 2Ć27 BETWEEN, 2Ć19 comparison, 2Ć11, 2Ć15

IN, 2Ć19

IS NULL, 2Ć25 LIKE, 2Ć21

%, 2Ć21 _, 2Ć21 ESCAPE option, 2Ć23 logical, 2Ć15, 23Ć13

OR, 2Ć27 SQL, 2Ć15 operator precedence, 1Ć17 Oracle7 Server, IĆ19 ORDER BY clause, 2Ć5 See also SELECT statement OUT mode, 20Ć11, 20Ć19 outer join, 4Ć21

outer join operator ((+)), 4Ć21

P

package, 18Ć11, 20Ć5 parameter, 7Ć21, 24Ć23, 24Ć25 actual, 20Ć11, 20Ć21 formal, 20Ć11 local, 19Ć43 modes, 20Ć11 substitution, 20Ć21 syntax, 20Ć9 password, 16Ć13 PL/SQL, IĆ19, IĆ23, 18Ć5, 18Ć15 PL/SQL block, nesting, 21Ć27 PL/SQL Interpreter See Interpreter

PL/SQL record, 21Ć19, 22Ć7, 22Ć11, 24Ć21,

24Ć25

declaring, 21Ć21

syntax, 21Ć21

PL/SQL table, 21Ć15

declaring, 21Ć17

syntax, 21Ć17

portability, 18Ć7

pragma EXCEPTION_INIT, 25Ć15

precedence, 2Ć29

primary key, IĆ11, 8Ć25, 8Ć27

PRIMARY KEY constraint, 1Ć27, 8Ć23, 9Ć15,

9Ć21, 12Ć15

index, 15Ć5

PRIMARY KEY index, 12Ć15

privilege, 9Ć7, 10Ć5, 16Ć5

object, 16Ć5

system, 16Ć5

procedure, 18Ć13, 20Ć5

syntax, 20Ć9

Procedure Builder, 18Ć17, 19Ć5, 20Ć7,

22Ć27, 25Ć11, 25Ć21

program construct, 18Ć11

program unit, 19Ć5, 19Ć19, 19Ć29, 20Ć5

Program Unit editor, 19Ć5, 19Ć9, 19Ć27

pseudocolumn

CURRVAL, 9Ć23

LEVEL, 9Ć23

NEXTVAL, 9Ć23

ROWNUM, 9Ć23

PUBLIC keyword, 16Ć19

Q

Quick Tour, 19Ć11

quotation marks

double, 1Ć21, 21Ć25

single, 1Ć25, 2Ć13, 7Ć11, 7Ć17, 11Ć7,

11Ć15, 21Ć25, 21Ć31

R

RAISE statement See exception recursive relationship, 8Ć17, 8Ć19 referential integrity constraint See FOREIGN KEY constraint relational database, IĆ9 relationship, 8Ć17 definition, 8Ć13 many-to-many, 8Ć19 many-to-one, 8Ć19, 8Ć37 one-to-one, 8Ć19, 8Ć37 recursive, 8Ć17

RENAME command, 12Ć19 Reset button, 19Ć39 RETURN statement, 20Ć17 REVOKE command, 16Ć23 role, 16Ć5, 16Ć11

ROLLBACK statement, 11Ć37, 11Ć43, 22Ć27 row, IĆ11

ROWID, 15Ć9, 24Ć21, 24Ć27

S

SAVEPOINT statement, 11Ć37, 11Ć45, 22Ć29 schema, 9Ć9

scope, 21Ć27 script file, 7Ć21, 9Ć25, CĆ15, CĆ19 search, 19Ć21

security, 16Ć5 role, 16Ć5 SELECT command See SELECT statement SELECT statement, 11Ć11, 24Ć5

basic query, 1Ć5 FROM clause, 1Ć9 GROUP BY clause, 5Ć13 guidelines, 1Ć7

HAVING clause, 5Ć25 INTO clause, 22Ć7 ORDER BY clause, 2Ć5

outer join, 4Ć21

rules, 1Ć7

SELECT clause, 1Ć9, 22Ć9

simple join, 4Ć9

syntax, 22Ć7

WHERE clause, 2Ć11

self join, 4Ć25

semicolon (;), 22Ć7

sequence, 20Ć13, 22Ć19

ALTER SEQUENCE command, 13Ć17

cache, 13Ć15

CREATE SEQUENCE command, 13Ć7

DROP SEQUENCE command, 13Ć19

gaps, 13Ć15

SET command, CĆ11

SET VERIFY command, 7Ć9

simple join, 4Ć9

sort order See ORDER BY clause

Source pane, 19Ć23

SQL, 18Ć5, CĆ9

SQL buffer, 1Ć7, 1Ć41

SQL command, IĆ13, IĆ23, 1Ć35

SQL cursor attributes, 22Ć23

SQL%FOUND, 22Ć23

SQL%ISOPEN, 22Ć23

SQL%NOTFOUND, 22Ć23

SQL%ROWCOUNT, 22Ć23

SQL function, 20Ć15, 21Ć37

conversion, 21Ć39

SYSDATE, 3Ć23, 3Ć25, 20Ć13, 22Ć19

USER, 20Ć13, 22Ć19

SQL statement, 22Ć5

SQL*Plus, IĆ23, 1Ć35, 20Ć7, 20Ć21, 25Ć21,

CĆ9

editing commands, 1Ć41

file commands, 1Ć43

format commands, CĆ15

parameter, 7Ć21

SET command, CĆ11

SQLCODE function, 25Ć19

SQLERRM function, 25Ć19

stack, 19Ć19 Stack node, 19Ć11, 19Ć43 statement level rollback, 11Ć47 Step Into button, 19Ć39

Step Out button, 19Ć39 Step Over button, 19Ć39 stored function, 18Ć11 stored procedure, 18Ć11 stored program unit, 19Ć33 Stored Program Unit editor, 19Ć5, 19Ć9, 19Ć31

stored subprograms, 20Ć5 subprogram, 18Ć13, 19Ć7 See also function; procedure application, 20Ć5

creating, 20Ć7 invoking, 20Ć21 subquery, 14Ć7 CREATE TABLE, 9Ć31 HAVING clause, 6Ć19 INSERT statement, 11Ć19 multiple row, 6Ć17 single row, 6Ć11 UPDATE statement, 11Ć21 WHERE clause, 6Ć19 substitution variable, 11Ć15 syntax, rules, 21Ć25

SYSDATE, 9Ć9, 9Ć23, 11Ć11 See also SQL function system development cycle, IĆ17, 8Ć7 system privilege, 16Ć7

T

table, IĆ11, 1Ć5 ALTER TABLE command, 12Ć5 CREATE SYNONYM command, 16Ć25 CREATE TABLE command, 9Ć7 DROP TABLE command, 12Ć17 properties, IĆ13

table alias, 4Ć17

table constraint, 9Ć17

CHECK, 9Ć23

FOREIGN KEY, 9Ć21

PRIMARY KEY, 9Ć21

UNIQUE, 9Ć19

table instance chart, 8Ć29, 8Ć33, 9Ć25

table prefix, 4Ć13

tables, 9Ć5

TEXT_IO package, 20Ć23

TO_CHAR, 3Ć35, 3Ć45

TO_DATE, 3Ć49

TO_DATE function, 11Ć13

TO_NUMBER, 3Ć49

TOO_MANY_ROWS exception See

exception

transaction, 11Ć5, 11Ć35, 24Ć27

transaction control, 22Ć27

TRUNCATE TABLE command, 12Ć19

TTITLE command, CĆ17

U

UID, 9Ć23

See also unique identifier

UNDEFINE command, 7Ć19

UNIQUE constraint, 8Ć25, 9Ć15, 9Ć19, 12Ć15

index, 15Ć5

unique identifier, 8Ć15, 8Ć19, 8Ć35

number symbol (#), 8Ć15, 8Ć35

UNIQUE index, 9Ć19, 9Ć21, 12Ć15

unique key, 8Ć25, 8Ć27

UPDATE statement, 11Ć21, 22Ć19, 22Ć21

USER, 9Ć9, 9Ć23

USERENV, 9Ć23

USERID, 11Ć11

V

variable, 21Ć5, 24Ć9 bind, 20Ć21 host, 21Ć41, 24Ć23 input, 24Ć11 local, 19Ć43 scalar, 21Ć9 Vertical Button Bar, 19Ć21 view, 14Ć5

complex, 14Ć9, 14Ć13 CREATE VIEW command, 14Ć7 DROP VIEW command, 14Ć23 simple, 14Ć9

W

WHEN OTHERS clause See exception WHERE clause, 2Ć11, 5Ć21, 22Ć7, 22Ć13, 22Ć21

See also join DELETE statement, 11Ć29 UPDATE statement, 11Ć25 WHERE CURRENT OF clause, 24Ć27 wildcard search, 2Ć21