Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WILL có thể thay bằng SHALL, CAN, MAY tùy theo ý của câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.. Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WOULD có thể thay bằng COULD, M
Trang 1TÓM TẮT CÔNG THỨC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1a IF + S + V1/S/ES + , S + V1/S/ES + ĐK luôn luônđúng
1b IF + S + V1/S/ES + , S + WILL/ SHAL + V0 + ĐK có thể xảy raở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai
2 IF + S + WERE / V2/ED + , S + WOULD V0 +
ĐK không thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
WERE + S + ………,
3 IF + S + HAD V3/ED + , S + WOULD HAVE V3 /ED + ĐK không thật ởquá khứ
HAD + S + V 3/ED + ,
’d + V0 = would + V0 còn ’d + V3/ed = had + V3/ed ; won’t = will not; shan’t = shall not.
Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WILL có thể thay bằng SHALL, CAN, MAY tùy theo ý của
câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.
Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WOULD có thể thay bằng COULD, MIGHT tùy theo ý của
câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.
Trong công thức tại vị trí chữ WILL / SHALL có thể thay bằng CAN, MAY tùy theo ý của
câu cho đúng ý đồ của người dùng.
Lưu ý:
A Đối với điều kiện diễn tả khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, ta có thể dùng
IF + CAN + V0 +…, S + WILL + V0 + …
B Chữ IF: NẾU; chữ UNLESS: NẾU KHÔNG; chữ OR: HOẶC LÀ NẾU KHÔNG/ NẾU
KHÔNG
Do đó: 1) IF + Mệnh đề khẳng định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề phủ định
2) IF + Mệnh đề phủ định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề khẳng định
C Cách dịch đối với câu dùng UNLESS / OR:
1) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt đầu câu thì dịch mệnh đề chính (mệnh đề bên phải dấu phẩy) trước 2) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt giữa câu thì dịch từ trái qua phải
D Ghi chú:
Có những trường hợp ta cũng có câu điều kiện chỉ gồm có mệnh đề chính và cụm từ chỉ điều kiện
Ví dụ: Without her encouragements, I could not have won the game
Without your leading, we will never come on time
If tired, you can take a rest
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất:
1 If the train is late, we _ to the office
2 She _ if she has time
3 If it _ too much, I will buy the smaller one
Trang 2A costs B will cost C would cost D cost
4 If the class _ full, we will find another one
5 What will we do if the taxi _?
A don’t come B didn’t come C doesn’t come D had not come
6 If it snowed this summer, we _ skiing
7 If you drove more carefully, you _ so many accidents
8 If he _ up earlier, he’d get to work on time
9 I would tell you more about it if we _ more time
10 If I _ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university
11 If you _ any money, I would give you some
A hadn’t had B haven’t had C don’t have D didn’t have
12 You’d earn more money if you _ more products
13 If I _ so busy yesterday, I would have visited you
14 If you had seen the film, you _ it
A will enjoy B would have enjoyed C would enjoy D enjoyed
15 She would have gone to the university if she _ the opportunity
16 If he had been more careful, he _ an accident
A would not have hadB will not have
17 If you’d stayed at home, there _ any trouble
A would not be B will not be C is not D would not have been
18 What would you do if he _ tomorrow?
19 I’ll do it if he _ me
20 If you _ for the car, we’d be able to sell it
21 I wouldn’t have believed it if I _ it with my own eyes
22 What _ if you found a burglar in your house?
A will you do B do you do C would you do D you do
23 If you _ more slowly, he might have understood you
24 If you _ careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
25 If she _ this one, I will bring her another one
26 If I _ him, I _ him a lift
A see/ would give B saw/ will give C see/ will give D had seen/ will give
Trang 327 The table _ if you _ on it
A will collapse/ standB would collapse/ stand
C would have collapsed/ stood D collapses/ had stood
28 If he _ all those fruits, he _ sick
29 If I _ your passport, I _ you at once
A found/ will telephone B find/ would telephone
C had found/ would have telephone D find/ will telephone
30 The police _ him if they catch him
31 If he _ in such a pale light, he will ruin his eyes
32 Someone _ your car if you leave it unlocked
33 What will happen if my parachute _?
A hadn’t opened B won’t open C doesn’t open D didn’t open
34 If he _ my car more carefully, I _ him $10
35 If you _ away, I’ll send for the police at once
36 I _ very angry if he _ any more mistakes
A am/ made B were/ made C would be/ makes D will be/ makes
37 If he _ late, we _ without him
38 If we _ the car here, it _ in anybody’s way
39 He _ late for the train if he _ at once
would have been/ didn’t start D is / hadn’t started
40 If you _ late, they _ you in
had arrived/ wouldn’t let D to arrive/ would not let
41 Unless he _ more, he won’t get much commission
42 If I _ you $10, when _ me?
A lend/ would you repay B lend/ will you repay
C lent/ will you repayD had lent/ would you repay
43 If he _ hard today, _ a holiday tomorrow?
44 Ice _ into water unless you heat it
A don’t turn B doesn’t turn C would turn D would have turned
45 If you _ this one, I’ll bring you another
A doesn’t like B will not like C don’t like D didn’t like
46 Unless you _ more careful, you _ an accident
Trang 4A are/ will have B were/ will have C had been/ would have D be/ have
47 If I tell you a secret, _ you promise not to tell it to anyone else?
48 If you _ what I say, ask your mother
A not believe B not to believe C didn’t believe D don’t believe
49 Unless I _ a quiet room, I _ not be able to do any work
A had/ will B have/ will C has/ would have D had had/ would have
50 She _ not open the door unless she _ who it is
A will/ knew B will/ knows C would/ knew D does/ knows
51 If I _ a typewriter now, I _ this contract by myself
52 Unless I _ his address, I’d give it to you
53 He _ a lot better if he _ more often years back
A would have looked/ shaved B will look/ shaved
54 If you _ for lower stakes, you _ so much
A plays/ would lose B play/ will have been losing
C played/ won’t lose D had played/ wouldn’t have lost
55 Unless he worked more slowly, he _ so many mistakes
56 I wouldn’t drink that wine if I _ you
57 More tourists _ to this country unless it _ a better climate now
C wouldn’t come/ didn’t have D would come/ didn’t have
58 If you _ your car into the river, you _ able to get out
A drive/ weren’t B drove/ wouldn’t be C drove/ will be D drive/ wouldn’t be
59 If you _ to a union, you couldn’t get a job
A don’t belong B are belonging C had belong D didn’t belong
60 What _ if you found a burglar in your house?
61 He might get fat unless he _ smoking
62 If you _ someone drowning what would you do?
63 I _ ruined her if I bought her everything she asked for
64 I _ a job easily if I _ a degree
A could get/ have B can get/ had C could get/ had D can get/ had had
65 The whole machine _ into pieces if you _ that screw quickly
A felt/ remove B will fall/ removed C would fall/ removed D would fall/ remove
66 I’d go and see him more often if he _ on a bus route
67 What would you have done if the lift _ struck between two floors at that time
68 If you knew you had only six weeks to live, how _ such a short span?
Trang 5A did you spend B will you spend
69 I’d climb over the wall if there _ so much broken glass on top of it
70 Unless I had known that you were in hospital, I _ you
A will visit B would have visited C visit D don’t visit
71 You would have seen my garden at its best if you _ here last week
72 I shouldn’t have believed it if I _ it with my own eyes
73 If I _ a map, I _ the way to the Post Office
74 If I _ that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake
75 Had you left that wasp alone, it _ you
76 Unless I _ that the traffic lights were red, I _
A had realized/ would have stopped B had realized/ wouldn’t have stopped C realized/ would stop D realize/ will not stop
77 If you ……… me that he had never paid his debts, I _ him the money
A had told/ wouldn’t have lent B had told/ wouldn’t have been lent
78 If you _ ,he wouldn’t have known that we were there
A didn’t sneeze B won’t sneezed C doesn’t sneeze D hadn’t sneezed
79 If you _ some mustard in the sandwiches, they would have tasted better
80 The hens _ into the house if you had shut the door
A couldn’t get B couldn’t have got C will not get D doesn’t get
81 Had he known that the river was dangerous, he _ to swim across it
A would have tried B would try C will not try D wouldn’t have tried
82 _ more slowly, he might have understood you
A Had you spoken B Did you speak C If you speak D If you spoke
83 Or he had known the whole story, he _ so angry
A would have been B wouldn’t have been C wouldn’t be D would be
84 Or you had been in such a hurry, you _ sugar into the sauce instead of salt
A will not put B would put C wouldn’t have put D put
85 If I _ ready when he called, he would have taken me with him
86 Unless you _ at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was missing
87 Daisy _ by her enemies or the geese had cackled so loudly
will have been captured D won’t have been captured
88 He would have been arrested by the policemen or he……… to leave the country
89 I _ a taxi if I _ that it was a long way
Trang 6A will take/ realizes B would take/ doesn’t realize
C wouldn’t have taken/ had realized D wouldn’t take/ realized
90 Unless you _ the examination, they _ a party for you
A pass/ won’t celebrate B passed/ won’t celebrate
C pass/ will celebrate D had passed/ would celebrate
91 I should have voted for her if I _ a vote then
92 If you go to Paris, where _?
A will you stay B you stayed C did you stay D had you stayed
93 The flight may be cancelled unless the fog _ thick
94 If you _ the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong questions
95 I could repair the roofs myself if I _ a long ladder
96 Unless they turn that radio off, I _ mad
97 We’ll have a long way to walk if we _ out of petrol here
98 If you shake the bottle of port- a kind of vine, it _ fit to drink
99 I’ll probably get lost or he _ with me
100 You _ many accidents or you drove extremely slowly
101 If you _ a false beard nobody would have recognized you
102 You’ll get pneumonia (bệnh viêm phổi) if you _ your wet clothes
103 If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus (con mực) , I _ it for our meal
A wouldn’t buy B won’t buy C wouldn’t have bought D would buy
104 She _ able to walk faster if her shoes didn’t have such high heels
105 If you had touched that electric cable you _ electrocuted
106 I _ things on the installment system if I were you
107 If anyone attacked me, my dear dog _ at his throat
108 The ship wouldn’t have run around unless the pilot _ such a serious mistake
109 I shouldn’t have taken your umbrella if I _ that it was the only one you had
110 Had I known that you were in hospital, I _ you
A would visit B will visit C would have visited D visit
111 You would make better progress unless you _ class regularly
Trang 7112 If you _ ten minutes earlier, you would have a seat in the auditorium
113 If he _ hard, he _ the coming exam
A studied/ would pass B doesn’t study/ will surely pass
C studies/ can pass D hadn’t studied/ wouldn’t have passed
114 If she asked you for help, _?
115 Rice plants in Vietnam _ well if there is enough rain
116 She _ or she may be late for the morning class
117 If I _ again, I think that I would have won in the game
118 Tell him to ring me at 6:00 p m if you _ him
119 Water _ downhill if there _ gravity
A will run/ is not B would run/ weren’t C wouldn’t run/ were D will run/ had been
120 If you so fast, he might have understood what happened
121 If I _ you, I would go to bed earlier at night
122 If it _ too cold, we could go on a picnic
123 If smokers stopped smoking, their health would be _
124 If we built more hospitals, we could _ better care of people
125 If you didn’t _ rid of smoking, your health would be affected
126 If an object is let off in the cabin of a spaceship, it _
A floated B is floating C will float D would float
127 _ we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy
128 All of our rain forests _ unless we find some ways to stop people from cutting down trees
A will be destroyed B are destroyed C will destroy D detroy
129 _we don’t try to limit the world’s population, there won’t be enough space to live
130 If the earth stops _ around the sun, there will be no light onh earth
131 If we don’t do anything _ the ice on the poles from melting, the earth will be flooded
132 If I had millions of dollars, I _ all over the world
A would travel B will travel C would have traveled D travel
133 What would you have done if you _ that they had left?
134 If the questions _ not too difficult, we _ them
Trang 8C were/can answer D are / can answer
135 If I were 5 years younger, I would apply _ that job
136 If I were you, I would persuade him _ the new treatment
A to try B trying C tries D try
137 If they didn’t live so far away, I _ them every week
138 If I were at your age, I would _ Everyday
A go to bushwalk B go bushwalking C bushwalking D go bushwalk
139 Unless we _ throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted
140 If you _ more slowly, he would have understood you
141 I _ not miss any classes if he _ you
142 Mary _ have bought that car if Tom _ her to
A will/ told B will/ had told C would/ told D would/ had told
143 My parents _ a new motorbike if I hadn’t failed the exam
A will buy B will have bought C would buy D would have bought
144 If you were not sick, _ with us?
A will you come B would you com C do you come D are you coming
145 If I _ the leader of the team, I ………… do a lot of things
A was/ will B was/ would C were/ would D had been/ would
146 If you _ to my advice, you _ in trouble now
A listened / were not B listen / are not
C had listened / would not have been D had listened / would not be
147 You won’t be allowed to teach here _ you show your qualification
148 If Tom _ an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into his house
A to install B had installed C have installed D was installed
149 The travels of Marco Polo in the 12th century _ so well known if he hadn’t written that book while in prison
A must have been B wouldn’t have been C won’t have been D could have been
150 It is the earth's gravity that gives us our weight
A If there were not the earth's gravity, we would be weightless
B Due to the earth's gravity we cannot weigh anything
C We are overweight because of the earth's 'gravity
D The earth's gravity is given weight by people
151 It was your assistance that enabled us to get achievement
A But for you assistance, we could not have, got achievement
B Your assistance discouraged us from get achievement
C If you assisted us, we could not get achievement
D Without your assistance, we could get achievement
152 You can gain first-hand information about an occupation _
A through part-time jobs and volunteer work
B having through part-time jobs and volunteer work
C either part-time jobs and volunteer work
D that is through part-time jobs and volunteer work
Trang 9153 This is the cat _
A whom I bought at the pet shop B where at the pet shop I bought
C I bought at the pet shop D I bought it at the pet shop
154 _ before beginning a new exercise program
A Experts advise you visiting your doctor B Experts are advised to visit your doctor
C You advise experts to visit your doctor D You are advised to visit your doctor
155 _, I would have learned how to use a computer
A If I could have been able to go to school as a child
B If I been able to school as a child
C Had I been able to school as a child
D Unless I had been able to school as a child
156 _, she always wants to get information quickly
A As a newspaper reporter B When she was a newspaper reporter
C As for being a newspaper reporter D Since she became a newspaper reporter
157 My friend had not expected the film to be so funny
A The funny film was what my friend had expected
B The film was expected to be funny
C My friend was funny and expected the film
D The film was funnier than my friend had expected
158 I have three umbrellas; I bought one of them in Paris; that one needs repairing
A The umbrella, which I bought in Paris, needs repairing
B The umbrella which I bought in Paris needs repairing
C One of the umbrellas I bought in Paris needs repairing
D I bought one of the umbrellas that needs repairing in paris
Exercise 2: Hãy xác định một câu có phần gạch dưới cần được sửa lại cho đúng:
1 If we don’t stop to destroy forests, soon there will be no forest left on the earth
2 If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth
3 If we do nothing for preserve their habitat, some species will become extinct
4 Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate
5 If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis
6 Men will continue to live on foods unless other types of protein are not found
7 If I am 10 centimetres taller, I would play basketball
8 If the weather weren’t too bad, we would go to swim
9 If the government have agreed to increase the price of rice exports, the farmers’ life
would have been better
D
10 If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way
Trang 1011 If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur
12 If my mother had not attended the meeting, she would never meet her old friend
13 Unless food production increase, a lot of people will run out of food
14 Many farming lands would vanish if it didn’t rain for a long time
15 If I had studied Russian at school, I would have understood him easy
16 If Albert had come sooner, he could has eaten dinner with the whole family
17 If my father hasn't encouraged me to take the exam, I wouldn't have done it
18 If you give me more time and I will successfully finish this project
19 Had you met John yesterday, he will give you a hand in this problem
20 If you had gone to bed early last night, you would feel so asleep now
21 If I were in your position, I would have changed the job
22 We could have saved more time if we took the plane
23 Unless you pass the test, what will you do ?
24 Had Jack not been honest, he would have returned the money
25 Unless Christine wins, I’ll be amazed because she is not really good at tennis like her component
26 I’ll be at the cinema on time unless I’ll have to work overtime
27 Had you been careless, you wouldn’t have had an accident
28 Could I die, please inform my wife
29 Were our train arrived punctually, we should have time to visit your sister
30 If I were to know they were honest, I’d gladly lend them the money