AWS D1.1 2020

AWS D1.1 2020 Structural Welding Code-Steel Tiêu chuẩn hàn kết cấu thép AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

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An American National Standard

Prepa red b the

Am erica n Weld in S ciety (AW S) D1Com m itte e o Stru ctu ra l We ld in

Und er the Directio of the

AW S Te h ica l Activi ties Com m itte e

A pproved b the

AW S Board of Directors

Abstract

This cod e co ers the we ld in req u irem ents for a ny type ofweld ed stru ctu re m a d e from the com m only u sed ca rbo a nd

low-a llo co stru ctio a l steels Cla u se s 1 throu gh 1 co stitu te a b d y of ru les for the regu la tio of weld in in steel

co stru ctio There a re eig t n rm a tive a nd eleve n inform a tive annexes in this cod e A Com m enta ry of the cod e is

inclu d ed with the d ocu m en

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ISBN Prin 9 8-1-6 32 -0 7-1

I SBN PDF : 9 8-1-6 32 -0 8-8

Al rig ts reserved

Printed in the United Sta tes of Am erica

Photocopy R ight s No p rtio of this sta nd a rd m a y be reprod u ce d , store d in a re trieva l system , or transm itted in a ny

form , inclu d in m echa nica l, p otoco yin , record in , or oth erwise, withou t the prior writte n perm is io of the co yrig t

owner

Au thoriza tio to p otoco y item s for interna l, perso a l, or ed u ca tio a l cla ssroom u se o ly or the interna l, perso a l, or

ed u ca tio a l cla ssroom u se o ly of spe ific clents is gra nted b the Am erica n Weld in S ciety pro id e d tha t the a

ppropri-a te fe is pa id to the Co yrig t Clea ra nc Center, 2 2 R osewo d Drive, Da nve rs, MA 019 3, tel: (9 8) 7 0-8 0 ;

Internet: <www.co yrig t.com >

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Al sta nd a rd s (cod es, spe ifica tio s, recom m end ed pra ctice s, m ethod s, cla ssifica tio s, a nd gu id es) of the Am erica n

Weld in S ciety (AW S) a re v lu nta ry co se nsu s sta nd a rd s tha t ha ve be n d evelo ed in a ccord a nc with the ru les of the

Am erica n Na tio a l Sta nd a rd s Institu te (ANSI) W hen AW S Am erica n N a tio a l Sta nd a rd s a re either incorpora ted in, or

m a d e pa rt of, d ocu m ents that a re inclu d ed in fd era l or ta te la ws a nd regu la tio s, or the regu la tio s of other g ve rnm en

-ta l b d ies, their provisio s ca rry the fu ll lega l a u thority of the sta tu te In su ch ca ses, a ny cha nges in those AW S stand a rd s

m u st be a pproved b the g vernm enta l b d y ha vin sta tu tory ju risd ictio beore they ca n be om e a art of those la ws a nd

regu la tio s In a ll ca ses, these sta nd a rd s ca rry the fu ll lega l a u thority of the co tra ct or other d ocu m ent tha t in okes the

AW S stand a rd s W here this co tra ctu a l rela tio ship exists, cha nges in or d evia tio s from req u irem ents of a n AW S sta nd

-a rd m u st be b a greem ent betwee n the co tra ctin pa rties

AW S Am erica n Natio al Sta nd ard s a re d evelo ed throu gh a co sensu s sta nd a rd s d evelo m ent proc s tha t brin s

together v lu nteers representin va ried viewp ints a nd intere sts to a chieve co sensu s W hie AW S a d m inisters the

proc-es a nd esta blshes ru les to prom ote fa irnes in the d evelo m ent of co sensu s, i d oes n t nd epend ently test, eva lu a te, or

verify the a ccu ra cy of a ny inform a tio or the sou nd nes of a ny ju d gm ents co ta ined in its sta nd a rd s

AW S d iscla im s la bi ty for a ny inju ry to perso s or to property, or other d a m a ges of any natu re wha tsoever, whether

spe ia l, ind irect, co seq u entia l, or com pensatory, d irectly or ind irectly resu ltin from the pu blca tio , u se of, or rela nc

o this sta nd a rd AW S a lso m a ke s n gu a ra ntee or wa rra nty a s to the a ccu ra cy or com pletenes of a ny inform a tio pu

b-lshed herein

In is u in a nd m a kin this sta nd a rd a va ila ble, AW S is neither u nd ertakin to rend er profs io a l or other ervic s for or

o beha lf of a ny perso or entity, n r is AW S u nd erta kin to perform a ny d u ty owed b a ny per o or entity to som eo e

else An o e u sin these d ocu m ents sh u ld rely o his or her own ind e pend ent ju d gm ent or, a s a ppropria te, see k the

a d vic of a com petent profs io a l in d eterm inin the exercise of rea so a ble ca re in a ny given circu m sta nc s It is

a ssu m ed tha t the u se of this sta nd a rd a nd its provisio s is entru sted to a ppropria tely q u a lified a nd com petent perso nel

This sta nd a rd m a y be su persed ed b new ed itio s This sta nd a rd m a y a lso be corrected throu gh pu blca tio of am

end-m ents or erra ta , or su pplem ented b pu blca tio of a d d end a Inform a tio o the la test ed itio s of AW S sta nd ard s inclu d

-in a m end m ents, e rra ta , a nd a d d e nd a is p sted o the AW S web pa ge (www.a ws.org) User sh u ld ensu re tha t they have

the la test ed itio , a m end m ents, erra ta ,a nd a d d e nd a

Pu blca tio ofthis sta nd a rd d oes n t a u thoriz infrin em ent of a ny pa tent or tra d e na m e Users of this sta nd a rd a cc pt

a ny a nd a ll la bi ties for infrin em ent of a ny pa tent or trad e na m e item s AW S d iscla im s la bi ty for the infrin em ent of

a ny pa tent or prod u ct tra d e na m e resu ltin from the u se of this sta nd a rd

AW S d oes n t m onitor, p lce , or enforce com pla nc with this sta nd a rd , n r d oes i ha ve the p we r to d o so

Oficia l interpreta tio s of a ny of the tech ica l req u irem ents of this sta nd a rd m ay o ly be o tained b send in a req u e st,

in writin , to the appropria te tech ica l com m ittee Su ch req u ests sh u ld be a d d res ed to the Am erica n We ld in S ciety,

Attentio : Director, Sta nd a rd s Develo m en 8 6 NW 36 S # 1 0, Mia m i, F L 3 16 ( e An ex T) With rega rd to

tech ica l inq u iries m a d e co ce rnin AW S sta nd a rd s, ora l o inio s o AW S sta nd a rd s m a y be rend ered These o inio s

a re ofered solely a s a co venienc to u sers of this sta nd a rd , a nd they d o n t co stitu te prof s io a l a d vic Su ch o inio s

represent o ly the perso a l o inio s of the particu la r ind ivid u a ls givin them These ind ivid u a ls d o n t spea k o beha lf

of AW S, n r d o these ora l o inio s co stitu te oficia l or u noficia l o inio s or interpreta tio s of AW S In a d d itio , ora l

o inio s a re inform a l a nd sh u ld n t be u sed a s a su bstitu te for a n oficia l interpreta tio

This sta nd a rd is su bje ct to revisio a t a ny tim e b the AW S D1 Com m ittee o Stru ctu ra l We ld in It m u st be reviewed

every five yea rs, and ifn t revised , i m u st be either rea ffirm ed or withd ra wn Com m ents (recom m end a tio s, a d d itio s,

or d eletio s) a nd a ny pertinent d a ta tha t m a y be of u se in im provin this sta nd ard a re req u ested a nd sh u ld be a d d re sse d

to AW S Hea d q u a rters Su ch com m ents wi rec ive ca refu l co sid era tio b the AW S D1 Com m ittee o Stru ctu ra l

Weld in a nd the a u thor of the com m e nts wi be inform ed of the Com m ittee’s resp nse to the com m ents G u ests a re

in ited to a tten all m eetin s of the AW S D1 Com m ittee o Stru ctu ral We ld in to ex res their com m e nts verba lly

Proc d u res for a ppea l of a n a d verse d ecisio co c rnin a ll su ch com m e nts a re provid ed in the R u les of Opera tio of the

Te h ica l Activities Com m ittee A co y of these R u les ca n be o ta ined from the Am erica n Weld in S ciety, 8 6 NW 36

S # 1 0, Mia m i, F L 3 16

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This pa ge is intentio a lly blank.

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A W Sind el, Cha ir TR C Solu tion s

T L Niem a nn, Vic Cha ir Ficket Stru ctu ra l Solu tion s, L C

R D Med lock, 2 d Vic Cha ir Hig Ste l Stru ctu res,L C

J A Moln, Se reta ry America n Weldin g Socie ty

U W Asche m eier Su bsea Glo a l Solu tion s

E L Bickford ISI

T M Bu rns Th om B u rn s Con su ltin g, L C

H H Ca m pbel, II Pa zu zu En gin ee in g

R D Ca m pbel B ech tel

B Co nely Eu stis En gin ee in g, L C

R B Corbi A TIM (R etire d)

M E Ga se Midwes Ste l,In corp ra ted

M A Grie o MA D epa rtmen t o Tra n sp rta tio

J J K en ey Sh el In te n a tion a l E&P

J H K ie er Con ocoPh ilips (R etir d)

J R K is el Trin ity Con su lta n ts

B K ru eger Los Ala mos Na tion a l La bora tory

V K u ru vi a Lexicon , In corp ra ted

J La wmon America n En gin ee rin g a n d Ma n u fa ctu rin g, In corp ra ted

N S Lind el Project & Q u a lity Solu tion s

D R Lu cia ni Ca n a dia n Weldin g B u rea u

P W Ma rsha ll Mo n sh in e Hil Pro rieta ry Sy stems En gin ee in g

M J Ma yes Te ra con Con su lta n ts

D L McQu a id D L McQ u a id & As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

J Merril TR C Solu tion s

D K Mi er Th e Lin coln Electric Compa n y

J B Pea rso , J r ALRVCon su lta n t,L C

D D R a ger R a ge Con su ltin g, In corp ra ted

T J Schla fly America n In stitu te o Ste l Con stru ctio

R E S a w, J r Ste l Stru ctu res Tech n olo y Cen te,In corp ra ted

M M Ta ya ra ni Pen n on i As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

P Torchio, II Wilia ms En te rprises o GA, In corp ra ted (R etir d)

Advisors t o the D1 Commit t ee on St ruct ural Welding

N J Altebra nd o STVIn corp ra ted

F G Arm a o Th e Lin coln Electric Compa n y

G L F ox Con su lta n t

H E Gim er HRVCon forma n ce Ve ifica tio As ocia tes, In corp ra ted

G J Hi G.J Hil & As ocia tes

M L Hoitom t Con su lta n t

C W Holm es Modjeski & Ma ste s, In c (R etird)

G S Ma rtin R etir d

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Advisors t o t he D1 Commit t ee on St ruct ural Welding (Cont in ed)

D C Phi ips R e tir d

P G K in ey Sa n dia Na tion a l La bora tories

J W Post J W Pos & As ocia tes, In corp ra ted

R W Stieve Pa rson s Corp ra tio

K K Ve rm a Con su lta n t

Act ive Pas AWS D1 Main Commit t ee Chairs

D L McQu a id D L McQ u a id & As oc.In corp ra ted

T J Schla fly, Cha ir America n In stitu te o Ste l Con stru ctio

P Torchio, II, Vic Cha ir Wilia ms En te rprises o GA, In corp ra ted (R etir d)

J A Moln, Se reta ry America n Weldin g Socie ty

E L Bickford ISI

R V Cla rke R etir d

M E Ga se Midwes Ste l,In corp ra ted

R L Hold ren Arc Specia lties

W S Hou ston Sta n ley B la ck & D ecke –Nelo Stu d Weldin g

J J K en ey Sh el In te n a tion a l E&P

J H K ie er Con oco Ph ilips (R etir d)

L K loiber LeJeu n e Ste l Compa n y

P W Ma rsha ll Mo n sh in e Hil Pro rieta ry Sy stems En gin ee rin g

R P Ma rslend er Kiewit Offsh or Se vices, LTD

J I Mi er Ch evro

S P Mora n America n Hy dro Corp ra tio

T C Myers Ex on Mo il

J C Nord by En te g

A W Sind el TR C Solu tion s

J L Wa rren McD ermot

Advisors t o the D1Q Commit t ee on St eel

N J Altebra nd o STVIn corp ra ted

B M Bu tler Wa lt D isn ey World Compa n y

J W Ca gle Sch u ffSte l

B Ca pers Wa lt D isn ey World Compa n y

H A Cha m bers SNH Ma rket Con su lta n ts

M A Grie o MA D epa rtmen t o Tra n sp rta tio

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Advisor s to t he D1Q Commit t ee on St eel (Cont in ed)

J Gu il Tru -Weld Eq u ipmen t Compa n y

C W Ha yes Th e Lin coln Electric Compa n y

C W Holm es Modjeski & Ma ste s, In c (R etir d)

M J J ord a n J h n so Pla te a n d Tower Fa brica tio

J E K oski Stu d Weldin g Produ cts In corp ra ted

N S Lind el Project & Q u a lity Sy stems

R D Med lock Hig Ste l Stru ctu res

J A Pa cker Un iversity o Toron to

J B Pea rso , J r ALRVCon su lta n t, L C

D C Phi ips R etir d

J W Post J W Pos & As ocia tes, In corp ra ted

R W Stieve Pa rson s Corp ra tio

M M Ta ya ra ni MA D epa rtme n t o Tra n sp rta tio

S J Th m a s Con su lta n t

K K Verm a Con su lta n t

P Workm a n Tru -Weld

D A Wrig t Wrigh t Weldin g Tech n olo ies

T J Schla fly, Co-Cha ir America n In stitu te o Ste l Con stru ctio

D K Mi er, Co-Cha ir Th e Lin coln Electric Compa n y

T Green, Vic Cha ir Wis ,Ja n n ey,Eltn er As ocia tes

D B F errel Fe r l En gin ee in g,In corp ra te d

M J J ord a n J h n so Pla te a n d Tower Fa brica tio

J J K en ey Sh el In te n a tion a l E & P

L A K loiber LeJeu n e Ste l Compa n y

J M Oc l Fede a l High wa y Admin isra tio

J B Pea rso , J r ALRVCon su lta n t, L C

R E S a w, J r Ste l Stru ctu res Tech n olo y Cen te, In corp ra ted

R H R Tid e Wis ,Ja n n ey,Eltn er As ocia tes

Advisors t o t he D1Q S bcommit tee Task Grou on Design

J Desja rd ins B omba rdie Tra n sp rta tio

C Za nfir, Cha ir Ca n a dia n Weldin g B u rea u

L M Bower, Vic Cha ir N I B u ildin g Syste ms

W J Bel Ata n tic Tesin g La bora tories

M D F lorczykowski Pr cisio Cu stom Compon en ts

P W Ma rsha ll MHP Sy stems En gin ee in g

J I Mi er Ch evro

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D1Q Subc mmit t ee Task Group on Pr qualficat ion (Cont inued)

J C Norby En te g

A.W Sind el TR C Solu tion s

P Torchio, II Wilia ms En te rprises o Ge orgia ,In corp ra ted (R etir d)

T C Myers, Cha ir Ex on Mo il

S J Find la n, Vic Cha ir CB &I Power

E L Bickford ISI

T R Bls ett Accu ra te We ldmen t Tesin g,L C

M J Ha rker Ida h o Na tion a l La bora tory

R L Hold ren Arc Specialies

J J K en ey Sh el In te n a tion a l E & P

J H K ie er Con ocoPh ilips Compa n y (R etir d)

R P Ma rslend er Kiewit Offsh or Se vices, Ltd

J R McGra na gha n Arcosa Meyers Utility Stru ctu res

D W Meyer ESA Weldin g & Cu ttin g Produ cts

J D Niem a nn Ka wa sa ki Motors Ma n u fa ctu rin g Corp ra tio USA

D A Stickel Ca te pila r, In corp ra te d

B M Toth CB &I

K K Welch Mile Electric Ma n u fa ctu rin g Compa n y

Advisors t o t he D1Q S bcommit t ee Task Grou on Qualficat ion

K K Verm a Con su lta n t

J I Mi er, Cha ir Ch evro

M E Ga se, Vic Cha ir Midwes Ste l,In corp ra ted

S E And erso An de so In spection s

L N Bower N I B u ildin g Syste ms

M A Grie o Ma ssa ch u set D epa rtmen t o Tra n sp rta tio

C Ca rbo nea u Tish ma n AECO M

E S Ma ttfield New York City D epa rtmen t o B u ildin gs

R D Med lock Hig Ste l Stru ctu res,L C

J E Mel n er Pen n on i As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

R L Mertz Ala Visa Solu tion s

R E Mo so Pen n on i

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Advisors t o t he D1Q S bcommit t ee Task Grou on Fabricat ion

B And erso Mole x In corp ra ted

J W Ca gle C P B u ckn er Ste l Er ction ,In corp ra ted

G L F ox Con su lta n t

G J Hi G J Hil & As ocia tes

R L Hold ren AR C Specia lties

C W Holm es Modje ski & Ma ste s, In corp ra ted (R etir d)

J E Myers Con su lta n t

J W Post J W Pos a n d As ocia tes, In corp ra ted

T J Schla fly Ame rica n In stitu te o Ste el Con stru ctio

J F S kolewic Trin ity In du stries,In corp ra ted

K K Ve rm a Con su lta n t

P G K in ey, Cha ir Sa n dia Na tion a l La bora tories

J J K insey, Vic Cha ir Ca ltro Corp ra tio

M E Ga se, 2 Vic Cha ir Midwes Ste l,In corp ra ted

S E And erso An de so In spection s

J A Cochra n Kiewit Corp ra tio

J M Da vis ND E-O ly mpu s ND T-Un iversity Ulra son ics

P A F u rr Con su lta n t

P T Ha yes GE In spectio Tech n olo ies, LP

J K Hiton KTA-Ta tor, In corp ra ted

N S Lind el Produ ct o Q u a lity Solu tion s

E S Ma ttfield New York City D epa rtmen t o B u ildin gs

J E Mel n er Pen n on i As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

R E Mo so Pen n on i As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

C E Pen in ton Nova

R E Stachel HRVCon forma n ce Ve ifica tio As ocia tes, In corp ra ted

K J Stein a gen Con su lta n t

Advisors t o the D1Q S bcommit tee Task Grou on Inspe t ion

D A Du nn PSI (R etire d)

J J Ed wa rd s D O TQ u a lity Se vices

G J Hi G J Hil & As ocia tes

R K Holbert Altom Power

C A Ma nken e rg Sh el In te n a tion a l Ex lora tio & Produ ctio

D L McQu a id D L McQ u a id & As ocia tes, In corp ra ted

D G Ya ntz Ca n a dia n Weldin g B u rea u

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D1Q Subc mmit t ee Task Group on St ud Welding

W S Hou ston, Cha ir Sta n ley B la ck & D ecke –Nelo Stu d Weldin g

U W Aschem eier, Vic Cha ir Su bsea Glo a l Solu tion s

R D Ca m pbel B ech tel

A D D’Am ico Con su lta n t

B C Ho so Ima ge In du stries

I W Hou ston Sta n ley B la ck & D ecke –Nelo Stu d Weldin g

J E K oski Stu d Weldin g Produ cts, In corp ra ted

C W Ma ka r Co In du stries

P Torchio, II Wilia ms En te rprises o Ge orgia ,In corp ra ted (R etir d)

J S Wirtz Ston e & Webse,In corp ra ted

P Workm a n Tru -Weld Eq u ipmen t Compa n y

Advisors t o t he D1Q S bcommit tee Task Grou on St ud Welding

C B Cha m pney Sta n ley B la ck & D ecke –Nelo Stu d Weldin g

J Gu il Tru -Weld Eq u ipmen t Compa n y

R Schraff Sta n ley B la ck & D ecke –Nelo Stu d Weldin g

M M Ta ya ra ni Pen n on i As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

J J K en ey, Cha ir Sh el In te n a tion a l E & P

M A Grie o, Vic Cha ir Ma ssa ch u set D epa rtmen t o Tra n sp rta tio

E L Bickford ISI

N M Ch y Ca lifrn ia D e pa rtme n t o Tra n sp rta tio

D B F errel Fe r l En gin ee in g,In corp ra te d

R B Fle tcher Ata s Tu be

P A Hu cka be Gil En gin ee in g As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

L A K loiber LeJeu n e Ste l Con su lta n t

C Lo g Con su lta n t

R P Ma rslend er Kiewit Offsh or Se vices, Ltd

J P McCorm ick Un iversity o Mich iga n

R E Mo so Pen n on i As ocia tes,In corp ra ted

K T Olso FO R SE Con su ltin g-Ste l Tu be In stitu te

R S u ga ta Sou ga ta R oy, L C

R Sa u se ATL S Cen te Leh ig Un iversity

Advisors t o t he D1Q St an ing Task Grou on Tu ulars

J J Ed wa rd s D O TQ u a lity Se vices

T L Niem a nn Ficket Stru ctu ra l Solu tion s, L C

T J Schla fly America n In stitu te o Ste l Con stru ctio

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M D K e rr, Cha ir McD ermot

T J Schla fly, Vic Cha ir America n In stitu te o Ste l Con stru ctio

R S Ca roti Arcelor Mita l

C Ha ven Ho a rt B roth ers Compa n y

D A K och Wa sh in gto Sta te Un iversiy

D W Meyer ESA Weldin g & Cu ttin g Produ cts

T M Nelso LTK En gin ee in g Se vices

P R Niewia rowski Sa rgen t & Lu n dy, L C

J L Sch en Nu cor-Ya ma to Ste l

J L Wa rren McD ermot

Advisors t o t he D1M St an ing Task Grou on New Mat erials

S C F in iga n Arcelor Mita l

M L Hoitom t Con su lta n t

J W Post J W Pos & As o ia te s, In corp ra ted

D R ees-Eva ns Ste l D y n a mics

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This pa ge is intentio a lly bla nk.

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Foreword

This foreword is n t part of AW S D1.1/D1.1M:2 2 , Stru ctu ra l Weldin g Code —Ste l,

bu t is inclu d e d for inform a tio a l pu rposes o ly

The first ed itio of the Code fr Fu sio Weldin g a n d Ga s Cu ttin g in B u ildin g Con stru ctio wa s pu blshed b the Am erica n

Weld in S ciety in 19 8 a nd ca lled Cod e 1 Pa rt A It wa s revised in 1930 a nd 1937 u nd er the sa m e ti e It wa s revised

a ga in in 19 1 a nd given the d esig a tio D1.0 D1.0 wa s revised a ga in in 19 6, 19 3, 19 6, and 19 9 The 19 3 ed itio

pu blshed a n a m e nd ed ver io in 19 5, a nd the 19 6 ed itio pu blshed a n a m end e d versio in 19 7 The cod e wa s com

-bine d with D2.0, Specifica tion s fr Weldin g High wa y a n d R a ilwa y B ridges, in 19 2, given the d esig a tio D1.1, a nd

reti e d AW S Stru ctu ra l Weldin g Code D1.1wa s revised a ga in in 19 5, 19 9, 19 0, 19 1, 19 2, 19 3, 19 4, 19 5, 19 6,

19 8, 19 0, 19 2, 19 4, 19 6, 19 8, 2 0 , 2 0 , 2 0 , 2 0 , 2 0 and 2 10 A se co d printin of D1.1:2 10 wa s pu

b-lshed in 2 1 F rom 19 2 to 19 8, the D1.1 cod e co ere d the weld in of b th bu ildin s and brid ges

In 19 8, AW S pu blshed its first e ditio of AASHTO/AW S D1.5, B ridg Weldin g Code ; coincid ent with this, the D1.1

cod e changed refrenc s of bu ild in s a nd brid ges to sta tica lly loa d ed a nd d yna m ica lly loa d ed stru ctu res, respe tively, in

ord er to m a ke the d ocu m ent a pplca ble to a broa d er ra nge of stru ctu ra l a pplca tio s After the pu blshin of the 2 10 ed

i-tio , i wa s d ecid ed tha t the AW S Stru ctu ra l Weldin g Code—Ste l wou ld be pu blshed o a five yea r revisio cycle

instead of a two yea r re visio cycle This wa s d one in ord er to sy c the pu blca tio cycle of AW S Stru ctu ra l Weld in

Cod e -Ste el with the pu blca tio cycles of the AISC Steel Bu ild in S e ifica tio a nd the Interna tio a l Bu ild in Cod e

This 2 2 e d itio is the 2

th

ed itio of D1.1

Changes in Code Req irement s, u nd erlined text n the cla u ses, su bcla u ses, ta bles, figu re s, or form s ind ica tes a cha nge

from the 2 15 ed itio A vertica l lne in the m a rgin of a ta ble or figu re a lso ind ica tes a cha nge from the 2 15 ed itio

The folowin is a su m m a ry of the m ost sig ifica nt tech ica l cha nges co taine d in D1.1/ D1.1M:2 2 :

Cla se/Ta le/Figure/An e Modificat ion

Cla u se 1

Cla u se 2 This is a new cla u se listng norm a tiv refer enc s I repla ces su bcla u se 1.9 a nd An e S from the

previou s ed iton

Cla u se 3 This is a new cla u se tha t provid es term s a nd d efini ons sp cific to this sta nd a rd I repla ces

su bcla u se 1.3 a nd An e J r om the previou s ed ition

Cla u se 4 Cla u se 4 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 2 in the pr eviou s ed iton A nne A F igu res in the pr eviou s

ed ition were inc rpora ted into Cla u se 4

Cla u se 5 Cla u se 5 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 3 in the pr eviou s ed iton The Cla u se ha s a lso b en r estr u ctu red

to folow the norma l progr es ion of wr iti g a req u a lified W PS Ta ble 5.2 ha s b en ed itoria lly

rena m ed a nd reorga niz d to list WP S esen a l va ria bles Ad d itiona l req u irements ha ve b en

a d d ed when u sing shield ing ga ses a nd a new Ta ble 5.7 wa s a d d ed on shield ing ga ses N ew

ma teria ls ha ve b en a d d ed to Ta bles 5.3 a nd 5.8

Cla u se 6 Cla u se 6 wa s presented a s Cla u se 4 in the previou s ed iton R evisions inclu d e the r e q u ir e m en ts

for the q u a lifica tion of W PSs u sing wa veform tehn olo y A ll the C N testng req u irements ha ve

b en a d d ed to Ta ble 6.7, so the now a re a ll c nta ined in a single pla ce The W PS retest

req u irements ha ve b en cla rified The PJ P G r oo e weld cla u se has b en reorganize d to cla rify the

q u a lifica tion of PJ P G roo e weld s u sing the J oint Deta ils in F igu re 5.2 Par t D of the Cla u se ha s

b en reorga niz d to b tter a lign the testng proc d u r e s a nd q u a lifica tion of C N s wih the ord er

tha t the wou ld b a cc mplished

(Co tin e )

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Summary of Cha ges

Cla se/Ta le/Figure/An e Modificat ion

Cla u se 7 Cla u se 7 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 5 in the pr eviou s ed iton R evisions were ma d e to the weld

restora tion of ba se meta l with mislo a ted holes

Cla u se 8 Cla u se 8 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 6 in the pr eviou s ed iton R evisions were ma d e to the

q u a lifica tion req u irements for insp ction p rson el to ensu r e tha t a ll weld ing insp ctor s a re

q u a lified The E ngine r’s resp nsibili es a s i rela tes to Insp cton wer e a lso cla rified Digita l

ra d io ra phy ha s b en a d d ed to R a d io r a phic Testi g The limita tions for g om etric u nsha r pnes

ha ve b en a d d ed to the Cod e a nd the eq u a tion ha s b en revised to ma tch the eq u a tion in A SME

B oie a n d Prsu re Vesel Code , Se ton V, A r ticle 2 The m ethod olo y to d etermine the

a ttenu a tion fa ctor ha s b en u pd a ted to refle t tha t UT instru m ents a r e now ca pa ble of rep r ting a

fr a ctona l va lu e for d B

Cla u se 9 Cla u se 9 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 7 in the pr eviou s ed iton The c d e wa s u pd a ted to req u ir e the

ma nu fa ctu r er’s p rma nent d en fica tion on hea d ed stu d s a nd d eformed a nchor ba rs.R evisions

were ma d e to provid e weld proc d u re r eq u ir ements for ilet weld ing of stu d s

Cla u se 10 Cla u se 10 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 9 in the pr eviou s ed iton The ca lcu la tions for ta tic strength

of weld ed tu bu la r c n e tons wer e rem ov d in d eferenc to A ISC d esign provisions

Cla u se 1 Cla u se 1 wa s pr esented a s Cla u se 8 in the pr eviou s ed iton

An e A A nne A wa s pr esented a s A nne B in the previou s ed iton

An e B A nne B wa s presented a s A nne H in the previou s ed ition

An e D A nne D wa s presented a s An e F in the previou s ed iton

An e E A nne E wa s presented a s A nne D in the previou s ed ition

An e F A nne F wa s pr esented a s A nne E in the pr eviou s ed iton

An e H N ew An e tha t a d d res es pha sed a r ra y u ltra sonic testng (PAUT)

An e J A nne J wa s presented a s An e M in the previou s ed iton

An e K A nne K wa s presented a s An e P in the previou s ed iton

An e L A nne L wa s presented a s A nne T in the pr eviou s ed iton

An e M A nne M wa s presented a s An e U in the pr eviou s ed iton

An e N A nne N wa s presented a s An e K in the previou s ed ition

An e O A nne O wa s presented a s An e Q in the previou s ed ition

An e P A nne P wa s pr esented a s A nne L in the pr eviou s ed iton

An e Q A nne Q wa s presented a s An e O in the previou s ed ition

An e R A nne R ha s b en mod ified to c nta in prelim ina ry d esign of circu la r tu be c n e tons previou sly

c nta ined in the Tu bu la r Stru ctu r es cla u se a s wel a s o a lizing pa r a meter a lpha

An e T A nne T wa s pr esented a s A nne N in the previou s ed iton

Comment ary The Com m enta ry is n nm a nd a tory a nd is intend ed o ly to provid e insig tfu l inform a tio into provisio

ra tio a le

Normat ive An exes These a nnexes a d d re ss spe ific su bje ts in the cod e a nd their req u irem ents a re m a nd atory re q u ire

-m ents tha t su pplem ent the cod e provisio s

Informat ive An exes These a nne xes a re n t cod e req u irem ents bu t a re provid ed to cla rify cod e provisio s b sh win

exa m ples, provid in inform a tio , or u ggestin a lterna tive g o pra ctice s

In ex As in previou s cod es, the entries in the Ind ex a re re erred to b su bcla u se nu m ber ra ther tha n b pa ge nu m ber This

sh u ld ena ble the u ser of the Ind ex to loca te a pa rticu la r item of interest n m inim u m tim e

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Er at a It s the Stru ctu ra l Weld in Com m itte e’s Polcy that all e rra ta sh u ld be m a d e a va ila ble to u sers of the cod e

Therefore, a ny sig ifica nt erra ta wi be pu blshed in the S ciety News Se ctio of the We ldin g J u rn a l a nd p sted o the

AW S web site a t: http://www.a ws.org/ stand a rd s/pa ge/erra ta

S g est ions You r com m ents for im provin AW S D1.1/D1.1M:2 15, Stru ctu ra l We ldin g Code—Stee l a re welcom e

Su bm it com m ents to the Se reta ry of the D1Q Su bcom mittee, Am erica n Weld in S ciety, 8 6 NW 36 S # 1 0,

Mia m i, F L 3 16

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This pa ge is in tentio a lly bla nk.

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x i

Pe son n el v

For word xi

Lis o Ta bles x i Lis o Figu res x iv 1 Gene al Req irement s 1

1.1 Sco e 1

1.2 Sta nd a rd Units of Mea su rem ent 1

1.3 Sa fety Preca u tio s 2

1.4 Lim ita tio s 2

1.5 R esp nsibi ties 2

1.6 Ap rova l 3

1.7 Ma nd a tory a nd No m a nd a tory Provisio s 3

1.8 Weld in S m bols 3

2 Normat ive Re e enc s 4

3 Ter ms an Deinitions 7

4 Design of Welded Con e t ions 17

4.1 Sco e 17

Pa rt A—Common R eq u irmen ts fr D esig o Welded Con n ection s (Non tu bu la r an d Tu bu la r Membe rs) 17

4.2 Genera l 17

4.3 Co tra ct Pla ns a nd S e ifica tio s 17

4.4 Efe tive Are a s 18

Pa rt B —Specific R eq u ir men ts fr D esig o Non tu bu la r Con n ection s (Sta tica lly or Cyclica lly Loa ded) 21

4.5 Genera l 21

4.6 Stres es 21

4.7 J oint Co figu ra tio a nd Deta ils 23

4.8 J oint Co figu ra tio a nd Deta ils—Groo e Weld s 23

4.9 J oint Co figu ra tio a nd Deta ils—F ilet We ld ed J oints .2

4.10 J oint Co figu ra tio a nd Deta ils—Plu g a nd Slot We ld s 2

4.1 F iler Pla te s 2

4.12 Bu ilt-Up Mem bers 2

Pa rt C—Specific R eq u ir men ts fr D esig o Non tu bu la r Con n e ction s (Cyclica lly Loa ded) 2

4.1 Genera l 2

4.14 Lim ita tio s 2

4.15 Ca lcu la tio of Stres es 2

4.16 Alowa ble Stres es a nd Stres R a nges 2

4.17 Deta iln , F a brica tio , a nd Erection 2

4.18 Prohibited J oints a nd Weld s 2

4.19 Inspe tio 30

5 Preq alficat ion of WPSs 6

5.1 Sco e 6

Pa rt A—WPS D evelo me n t 6

5.2 Genera l W PS R eq u irem e nts 6

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Pa rt B —B a se Meta l 63

5.3 Ba se Meta l 63

Pa rt C—Weld J in ts 63

5.4 Weld J oints 63

Pa rt D —Weldin g Proces es 6

5.5 Weld in Proc s es 6

Pa rt E—File Meta ls a n d Sh ieldin g Ga ses 6

5.6 F iler Meta l a nd S ield in Ga s 6

Pa rt F—Pre h ea t a n d In te pa ss Tempe a tu re R eq u ire men ts 6

5.7 Prehea t a nd Interpa ss Tem pera tu re R eq u ire m e nts 6

Pa rt G—WPS R eq u irmen ts 6

5.8 W PSreq u irem ents .6

Pa rt H—Posweld Hea t Tr a tmen t 6

5.9 Postweld Hea t Trea tm ent 6

Pa rt A—Gen era l R eq u irmen ts 12

6.3 Com m on R eq u irem ents for W PS a nd Weld in Perso nel Perform a nc Qu a lifica tio 12

Pa rt B —Weldin g Procedu re Specifica tio (WPS) Q u a lifica tio 12

6.4 Prod u ctio We ld in Positio s Qu a lified 12

6.5 Ty e of Qu a lifica tio Tests 12

6.6 Weld Ty e s for W PS Qu a lifica tio 12

6.7 Prepa ra tio of W PS 12

6.8 Es entia l Va ria bles 12

6.9 W PSR eq u irem ents for Prod u ctio Weld in U sin Existin No -Wa veorm or Wa ve orm W PSs 12

6.10 Method s of Testin a nd Ac epta nc Criteria for W PS Qu a lifica tio 12

6.12 PJ P Groo e Weld s 1 0

6.1 F ilet Weld s 1 1

6.14 Plu g a nd Slot Weld s 1 1

6.15 Weld in Proc s es R eq u irin Qu a lifica tio 1 2

Pa rt C—Pe frma n ce Q u a lifica tio 1 2

6.17 Ty e of Qu a lifica tio Tests R eq u ired 1 3

6.18 Weld Ty e s for Weld er and Weld in Operator Pe rform a nc Qu a lifica tio 1 3

6.19 Prepa ra tio of Perform a nc Qu alifica tio Form s 1 3

6.2 Es entia l Va ria bles 1 3

6.21 CJ P Groo e Weld s for No tu bu la r Co ne tion s 1 4

6.2 Extent of Qu a lifica tio 1 4

6.23 Method s of Testin a nd Ac epta nc Criteria for Weld er a nd Weld in Opera tor Qu a lificatio 1 4

6.2 Metho of Testin a nd Ac epta nc Criteria for Ta ck Weld er Qu a lifica tio 1 5

Pa rt D —R eq u ire men ts fr CV Tou gh n es Te stin g 1 6

6.2 Com binin F CAW-S with Other Weld in Proc s es in a Sin le J oint 1 8

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7.2 Ba se Me ta l 18

7.3 Weld in Co su m a bles a nd Ele trod e R eq u ire m e nts 18

7.4 ESW a nd EGW Proc s es 19

7.5 W PSVa ria bles 191

7.6 Prehe a t a nd Interpa ss Tem pera tu res 191

7.7 He a t In u t Co trol for Qu enched a nd Tem pered Steels 191

7.8 Stres -R ele Hea t Trea tm ent 191

7.10 Weld in a nd Cu ttin Eq u ipm ent 193

7.1 Minim u m F ilet Weld Siz s 193

7.14 Prepara tio of Ba se Meta l 193

7.15 R ee ntra nt Corners 19

7.16 Weld Ac es Holes, Bea m Co es, a nd Co ne to Materia l 19

7.17 Ta ck Weld s a nd Co stru ctio Aid Weld s 19

7.18 Ca m ber in Bu ilt-Up Mem ber 19

7.2 Co trol of Distortio a nd S rinka ge 19

7.21 Tolera nc of J oint Dim ensio s 19

7.2 Dim ensio a l Tolera nc of Weld e d Stru ctu ra l Mem bers 19

7.23 Weld Profies 2 1

7.2 Te h iq u e for Plu g and Slot Weld s 2 2

7.30 Weld Ta bs 2 4

8 Inspe t ion 216

Pa rt A—Gen era l R eq u ire men ts 216

8.1 Sco e 216

8.2 Inspe ctio ofMa teria ls a nd Eq u ipm ent 218

8.3 Inspe ctio ofW PSs 218

8.4 Inspe ctio ofWeld er, Weld in Ope ra tor, a nd Tack Weld er Qu a lifica tio s 218

8.5 Inspe ctio ofWork a nd R ecord s 218

Pa rt B —Con tra ctor R esp n sibilities 219

8.6 Oblga tio s of the Co tra ctor 219

Pa rt C—Acce pta n ce Crite ria 219

8.7 Sco e 219

8.8 En inee r’s Ap rova l for Alterna te Ac epta nce Crite ria 219

8.9 Visu al I nspe tio 219

8.10 Penetra nt Testin (PT) and Magnetic Pa rticle Testin (MT) 219

8.1 No d estru ctive Testin (NDT) 2 0

8.12 R a d io raphic Te stin (RT) 2 0

Pa rt D —ND TProcedu res 2 2

8.14 Proce d u res 2 2

8.15 Extent of Testin 2 3

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Pa rt E—R a dio ra ph ic Tesin g (R T) 2 3

8.16 RT of Groo e Weld s in Bu tt J oints 2 3

8.17 RT Proc d u res 2 4

8.18 Exa m ina tio , R ep rt, a nd Disp sitio of R a d io ra phs 2 6

Pa rt F—Ulra son ic Tesin g (UT) o Gro ve Welds 2 7

8.2 Qu a lifica tio R eq u irem ents 2 7

8.21 UT Eq u ipm ent 2 8

8.2 R efrenc Sta nd a rd s 2 8

8.23 Eq u ipm ent Qu a lifica tio 2 9

8.2 Ca libra tio for Testin 2 9

8.2 Testin Proc d u res 230

8.2 Prepa ra tio a nd Disp sitio of R ep rts 23

8.2 Ca libra tio ofthe UT Uni with IW Ty e or Other Ap roved R ef renc Blocks (An ex G) 232

8.2 Eq u ipm ent Qu a lifica tio Proc d u res 23

8.2 Disco tinu ity Siz Eva lu a tio Proc d u res 235

8.30 Sca nnin Pa tterns 235

8.3 Exa m ples of d B Ac u ra cy Certifica tio .236

Pa rt G—O th er Exa min a tio Meth ods 236

8.32 Genera l R eq u irem ents 236

8.3 R a d ia tio Im a gin S stem s 236

8.34 Ad va nc d Ultra so ic S stem s 237

8.35 Ad d itio a l R eq u irem ents 237

9.2 Genera l R eq u irem ents 2 0

9.3 Me ha nica l R eq u irem ents 2 1

9.6 Stu d Ap lca tio Qu a lifica tio R eq u irem ents 2 3

9.7 Prod u ctio Co trol 2 4

9.8 F a brica tio a nd Verificatio Inspe ctio Re q u ire m ents 2 4

9.9 Ma nu fa ctu rers’ Stu d Ba se Qu a lifica tio R eq u irem ents 2 5

Pa rt A—D esig o Tu bu la r Con n ection s 2 3

10.2 Desig Criteria 2 3

10.3 Id entifica tio a nd Pa rts of Tu bu la r Co ne tio s 2 5

10.6 Thicknes Tra nsitio .2 6

10.7 Ma teria l Lim ita tio s 2 7

Pa rt B —Pre q u a lifica tio o Weldin g Procedu re Spe cifica tion s (WPSs) 2 7

10.8 F ilet Weld R eq u ire m e nts 2 7

10.9 PJ P R eq u irem ents 2 7

10.10 CJ P Groo e Weld R eq u irem ents 2 8

Pa rt C—Weldin g Procedu re Specifica tio (WPS) Q u a lifica tio 2 8

10.1 Com m on R eq u irem ents for W PSa nd We ld in Per o nel Pe rform a nc Qu a lifica tio 2 8

10.12 Prod u ctio We ld in Positio s Qu a lified 2 8

10.1 Ty e of Qu a lifica tio Tests, Method s of Testin g, a nd Ac epta nc Criteria

for W PS Qu a lificatio 2 9

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x i

10.14 CJ P Groo e Weld s for Tu bu lar Co ne tio s 2 9

10.15 PJ P a nd F ilet Weld s Tu bu la r T-, Y-, or K -Co ne tio s a nd Bu tt J oints 2 0

Pa rt D —Pe frma n ce Q u a lifica tion 2 0

10.16 Prod u ctio Weld in Positio s, Thicknes es, a nd Dia m eter Qu a lified 2 0

10.17 Weld Ty es for Weld er a nd Weld in Opera tor Perform a nce Qu a lifica tio 2 1

10.18 CJ P Groo e Weld s for Tu bu lar Co ne tio s 2 1

10.19 PJ P Groo e Weld s for Tu bu lar Co ne tio s 2 1

10.2 F ilet Weld s for Tu bu la r Co ne tio s 2 1

10.21 Method s of Testin a nd Ac e pta nc Criteria for Weld er a nd Weld in Opera tor Qu a lifica tio 2 2

Pa rt E—Fa brica tio 2 2

1 4 Desig for Stren thenin a nd R epa ir 34

1 5 F a tigu e Lif En a nc m ent 34

1 6 Workm a nship a nd Te h iq u e 34

An e x A (Norm a tive)—Efe tive Throats of Fi et Weld s in Skewed T-J oints 351

An e x B (Norm a tive)—Gu id elne o Alterna tive Method s for Determ inin Prehea t 353

An e x D (Norm a tive)—Te m pera tu re-Moistu re Co tent Ch a rts 36

An e x E (Norm a tive)—F la tnes of Gird er Webs—Sta tica lly Loa d ed Stru ctu res 36

An e x F (Norm a tive)—F la tnes of Gird er Webs—Cyclcally Loa d ed Stru ctu res 373

An e x G (Norm a tive)—Qu a lifica tio a nd Ca libra tio of U T Units with Other Ap roved R e ferenc Blocks 37

An e x H (Norm a tive)—Pha sed Arra y Ultra so ic Testin (PAUT) 383

An e x I (Norm a tive)—Sym bols for Tu bu la r Co ne tio Weld Desig 39

An e x J (nform a tive)—Sa m ple Weld in Form s 4 3

An e x K (nform a tive)—Co tents of Preq u a lified W PS 4 5

An e x L (nform ative )—Fi er Me ta l Stre ngth Pro erties 4 7

An e x M (nform a tive—AW S A5.36 F iler Meta l Cla ssifica tio s a nd Properties 439

An e x N (nform a tive)—Gu id e for S e ifica tio Writers 4 5

An e x O (nform a tive)—UT Exa m ina tio of Weld s b Alerna tive Te h iq u es 4 7

An e x P (nform a tive)—U T Eq u ipm ent Qu a lifica tio a nd Inspe tio F orm s 4 5

An e x Q (nform a tive)—Loca l Dihed ra l An le 4 5

An e x R (nform a tive)—Ova lizin Pa ra m eter Alp a 4 1

An e x S(nform a tive)—List of R ef renc Docu m ents 4 7

An e x T (nform a tive)— Gu id elnes for the Prepa ra tio of Te h ica l Inq u iries for the Stru ctu ra l

List of AW S Docu m ents o Stru ctu ra l Weld in 619

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List of Tables

4.1 Efe tive Siz ofFla re-Groo e Weld s F iled F lu sh 3

4.4 Eq u iva lent Stren th Coeficients for Oblq u ely Load ed F ilet Weld s 3

4.5 F a tigu e Stres Desig Pa ra m eters 34

5.1 Preq u a lified W PSR eq u irem ents 6

5.2 Es entia l Va ria bles for Pre q u a lified W PSs 6

5.3 Ap roved Ba se Meta ls for Preq u a lified W PSs 7

5.4 F iler Meta ls for Ma tchin Stren th for Ta ble 5.3, Grou ps I, I, II, a nd IV Ma terials 73

5.5 Minim u m Preq u a lified PJ P Weld Siz (S) 7

5.6 F iler Meta l R eq u irem ents for Ex osed Ba re Ap lca tio s of Wea therin Steels 7

5.7 P re qual i fi e d W P S Sh i e l di n g G as Opti on s for G MAW e l e ctrode s con formi n g to AW SA 5.18/A 5.18M 7

5.8 Preq u a lified Minim u m Prehea t a nd Interpa ss Tem pera tu re 7

6.1 W PS Qu a lifica tio —Prod u ctio Weld in Positio s Qu a lifie d b Pla te , Pipe, and Bo Tu be Tests 1 9

6.2 W PS Qu a lifica tio —CJ P Gro ve Weld s: Nu m ber and Ty e ofTest S e im ens and Range of

6.6 PQR Es entia l Va ria ble Cha nges R eq u irin W PS Re q u a lifica tio for ESW or EGW 14

6.7 PQR Su pplem enta ry Es entia l Va ria ble Cha nges for CVN Te stin Ap lca tio s R eq u irin W PS

R eq u a lifica tio for SMAW, SAW, GMAW, F CAW, GTAW, a nd ESW / EGW 14

6.8 Ta ble 5.1, Ta ble 6.9, a nd Unlsted Steels Qu a lified b PQR 14

6.9 Cod e-Ap roved Ba se Meta ls a nd F iler Meta ls R eq u irin Qu a lificatio pe r Clau se 6 14

6.10 Weld er a nd Weld in Opera tor Qu a lifica tio —Prod u ctio We ld in Positio s Qu a lified b Pla te

6.1 Weld er a nd Weld in Opera tor Qu a lifica tio —Nu m ber a nd Ty e of S e im ens a nd R a nge

of Thicknes a nd Dia m ete r Qu a lified 15

6.12 Weld in Perso nel Perform a nc Es entia l Va ria ble Cha nges R eq u irin R eq u a lificatio 15

6.1 Ele trod e Cla ssifica tio Grou ps 15

6.14 CVN Test Tem pera tu re R ed u ctio 15

6.15 Cha rpy V-Notch Test Ac epta nc Criteria for Va riou s Su b-Siz S e im ens 15

6.16 F iler Meta l Es entia l Va ria bles—F CAW-S Su bstra te/R oot 15

7.1 Alowa ble Atm osp eric Ex osu re of Low-Hyd roge n Ele ctrod es 2 5

7.3 Alterna te Stres -R ele Hea t Trea tm ent 2 5

7.4 Lim its o Ac epta bi ty a nd R epa ir of Mi Ind u ced La m ina r Disco tinu ities in Cu t Su rfa ces 2 6

7.5 Ca m ber Tolera nc for Ty ica l Gird er 2 6

7.6 Ca m ber Tolera nc for Gird er withou t a Desig ed Co crete Ha u nch 2 7

7.7 Minim u m F ilet Weld Siz s 2 7

7.9 Weld Profie Sche d u le s 2 8

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x i

8.1 Visu a l Inspe tio Ac epta nc Criteria 239

8.2 UT Ac epta nc -Re je tio Criteria (Sta tica lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r Co ne tio s a nd Cyclca lly

Loa d ed No tu bu la r Co ne tio s in Com pres io ) 2 0

8.3 UT Ac epta nc -Re je tio Criteria (Cyclca lly L oa d ed No tu bu la r Co ne tio s in Tensio ) 2 1

8.4 Hole-Ty e IQI R eq u irem ents 2 2

8.6 IQI Sele tio a nd Pla cem ent 2 2

8.8 UT Eq u ipm ent Qu a lifica tio a nd Ca libra tio R e q u irem ents 2 5

9.1 Me ha nica l Property R eq u irem ents for Stu d s 2 7

9.2 Minim u m F ilet Weld Siz for Sm a ll Dia m eter Stu d s 2 7

10.1 F a tigu e Stres Desig Pa ra m eters 2 7

10.2 Ava ila ble Stres es in Tu bu la r Co ne tio Weld s 2 8

10.3 Stres Ca teg ries for Ty e a nd Loca tio of Ma teria l for Circu lar Se tio s 30

10.4 F a tigu e Ca teg ry Lim ita tio s o We ld Size or T hicknes a nd Weld Profie (Tu bu la r Co ne tio s) 30

10.5 Z Los Dim ensio s for Ca lcu la tin Preq u a lified PJ P T-,Y-, and K -Tu bu la r Co ne tio Minim u m

10.6 J oint Deta il Ap lca tio s for Preq u a lified CJ P T-, Y-, a nd K -Tu bu la r Co ne tio s .303

10.7 Preq u a lified J oint Dim ensio s a nd Groo e An les for CJ P Groo e Weld s in Tu bu la r T-, Y, a nd

K -Co ne tio s Ma d e b SMAW, GMAW-S, a n d F CAW 30

10.8 W PS Qu a lifica tio —Prod u ctio Weld in Positi ons Qu a lified b Pla te, Pipe, a nd Bo Tu be Tests 30

10.9 W PS Qu a lifica tio —CJ P Groo e Weld s: Nu m ber a nd Ty e of Test S e im ens a nd R a ng of

Thicknes a nd Dia m eter Qu a lified 30

10.10 W PS Qu a lifica tio —PJ P Groo e Weld s: Nu m ber a nd Ty e of Test S e im ens a nd R a nge of

10.1 Weld er and Weld in Operator Qu a lifica tio —N u m ber a nd Ty e of S e im ens a nd R a nge of

Thicknes a nd Dia m eter Qu a lified 3 0

10.14 Tu bu la r R oot Openin Tolera nc s, Bu tt J oints Weld ed Withou t Ba ckin 3 2

10.15 Visu a l Inspe tio Ac epta nc Criteria 3 3

10.16 Hole-Ty e IQI R eq u irem ents 3 4

10.17 Wire IQI R eq u irem ents 3 4

10.18 IQI Sele tio a nd Pla cem ent 3 4

A.1 Eq u iva lent F ilet Weld Le g Size Factors for Ske wed T-J oints 35

B.1 Su sce pti bi l i ty I n de x G roupi n g as Fun cti on of H ydro e n L e v e l “H ” an d Comp si ti on P arame te r P

cm

B.2 Minim u m Prehea t a nd Interpa ss Te m pe ra tu res for Three Leve ls ofRe stra in 35

E.1 Interm e d ia te Stifeners o Both Sid es of Web 37

E.2 No Interm ed ia te Stifeners 37

E.3 Interm e d ia te Stifeners o One Sid e Only of Web 371

F.1 Interm e d iate Stifnes o Both Sid es of We b, I nterior Gird ers 37

F.2 Interm e d iate Stifnes o One Sid e Only of Web, F a scia Gird ers 37

F.3 Interm e d iate Stifnes o One Sid e Only of Web, Interior Gird ers 37

F.4 Interm e d iate Stifnes o Both Sid es of We b, F a scia Gird ers 37

F.5 No Interm e d ia te Stifeners, Interior or F a scia Gird er 37

H.1 Es entia l Va ria bles for PAUT 393

H.2 PAUT Ac epta nce Crite ria 393

M.1 AW S A5.36/A5.36M Ca rbo Steel Ele trod e Cla ssifica tio s with F ixed R eq u irem ents .4 1

M.2 AW S A5.36/A5.36M Tensio Test R eq u ire m e nts 4 2

M.3 AW S A5.36/A5.36M Cha rpy Im pa ct Test R eq u irem ents 4 2

M.4 Ele trod e Usa bi ty Cha ra cteristics 4 3

Trang 25

M.5 AW S A5.36/A5.36M Com positio R eq u irem en ts for S ield in Ga se s .4 5

M.6 Weld Meta l Chem ica l Com positio R eq u irem en ts 4 6

M.7 AW S A5.2 /A5.2 M Proc d u re R eq u irem ents for “D” Optio a l Su pplem enta l Desig a tor 4 8

M.8 AW S A5.36/A5.36M Proc d u re R eq u irem ents for “D” Optio a l Su pplem enta l Desig a tor 4 8

M.9 Com pa riso of Cla ssifica tio s of AW S A 5.18, A 5.2 , A5.2 , a nd A5.2 S e ifica tio s to

AW S A5.36 F ixe d a nd Open Cla ssifica tio s for Mu ltiple-Pa ss F CAW a nd GMAW —Meta l

Cored Ele trod e s 4 9

R 1 Term s for Stren th of Co ne tio s (Circu la r Se ctio s) 4 4

C-5.1 Ty ica l Cu rrent R a nges for GMAW-S o Ste el 534

C-10.1 Stru ctu ra l Steel Pla tes 5 6

C-10.2 Stru ctu ra l Steel Pipe a nd Tu bu la r S a pes 5 7

C-10.3 Stru ctu ra l Steel S a pes 5 7

C-10.4 Cla ssifica tio Ma trix for Ap lca tio s 5 8

4.2 Unreinforced Bevel Groo e Weld 5

4.3 Bevel Groo e Weld with R einforcin F ilet Weld 5

4.4 Bevel Groo e Weld with R einforcin F ilet Weld 53

4.5 Unreinforced F la re Beve l Gro ve Weld 53

4.6 F la re Bevel Groo e Weld with R einforcin F ilet Weld .5

4.7 Ma xim u m F ilet Weld Siz Alo g Ed ges in La p J oints 5

4.8 Tra nsitio of Thicknes es (Sta tica lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r) 5

4.9 Tra nsverse ly L oa d ed F ile t Weld s 5

4.10 Minim u m Len th of Lo gitu d ina l F ilet Weld s a t En of Pla te or F la t Ba r Me m be rs 5

4.1 Term ina tio of Weld s Ne a r Ed ges Su bje t to Tensio 5

4.12 En R etu rn a t F lexible Co ne tio s 5

4.1 F ilet We ld s o Op osite Sid es of a Com m on Pla ne 5

4.14 Thin F iler Pla tes in S lc J oint 5

4.15 Thick F iler Pla tes in S lc J oint 5

4.16 Alowa ble Stres R a nge for Cyclca lly Ap led Loa d (F a tigu e) in No tu bu la r Co ne tio s

(Gra phica l Plot of Ta ble 4.5) 5

4.17 Tra nsitio of Bu tt J oints in Pa rts of Uneq u a l Thickne ss (Cyclca lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r) 6

4.18 Tra nsitio of Wid th (Cyclca lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r) 61

5.1 Preq u a lified CJ P Groo e We ld e d J oint De ta ils (Dim ensio s in I nches) 8

5.1 Preq u a lified CJ P Groo e We ld e d J oint De ta ils (Dim ensio s in Mi im eters) 93

5.2 Preq u a lified PJ P Groo e Weld e d J oint De ta ils (Dim ensio s in I nches) 10

5.2 Preq u a lified PJ P Groo e Weld e d J oint De ta ils (Dim ensio s in Mi im eters) 1 2

5.3 Preq u a lified F ilet Weld J oint Deta ils (Dim ensio s in Inches) 12

5.3 Preq u a lified F ilet Weld J oint Deta ils (Dim ensio s in Mi im eter ) 121

5.4 Preq u a lified Skewed T-J oint Deta ils (No tu bu la r) 12

Trang 26

x v

5.5 Preq u a lified CJ P Groo e, T-, a nd Corner J oint 123

5.6 Weld Bea d in which Depth a nd Wid th Exc ed th e Wid th of the Weld F a ce 123

6.1 Positio s of Gro ve Weld s 16

6.2 Positio s of F ilet Weld s 161

6.3 Positio s of Test Pla tes for Gro ve Weld s 16

6.4 Positio s of Test Pla te for F ilet Weld s 163

6.5 Loca tio of Test S e im ens o We ld e d Test Pla tes—ESW a nd EGW —W PS Qu a lifica tio 16

6.6 L ocati on of Te st S e ci me n s o We l de d Te st P late Ove r 3/8 i n [10 mm]T h i ck—W P S Q uali f ati on 16

6.7 Loca tio of Test S e im ens o We ld e d Test Pla te 3/8 in [10 m m ] Thick a nd Und er—W PS

6.12 Alterna tive Wra parou nd Gu id ed Ben Test J ig 171

6.1 Alterna tive R oler-Eq u ip e d Gu id ed Ben Te st J ig for Bottom Eje tio of Test S e im en 171

6.15 F ile t Weld S u nd nes Tests for W PSQu a lificatio 173

6.16 Test Pla te for Unlm ited Thicknes —Weld er Qu a lifica tio a nd F ilet Weld Co su m a ble

6.17 Test Pla te for Unlm ited Thicknes —Weld in Opera tor Qu a lificatio and Fi et Weld Co su m a ble

6.18 Loca tio of Test S e im en o We ld e d Test Pla te 1 in [2 m m ] Thick—Co su m a bles

Verifica tio for F ilet Weld W PS Qu a lifica tio 17

6.19 Optio a l Te st Pla te for Unlm ite d Thicknes —Horizo ta l Positio —Weld er Qu alifica tio 17

6.2 Test Pla te for Lim ited Thicknes —Al Positio s—Weld er Qu a lifica tio 17

6.21 Optio a l Te st Pla te for Lim ite d Thicknes —Horizo ta l Positio —Weld er Qu alifica tio 17

6.2 F ile t Weld R oot Ben Test Pla te—We ld er or We ld in Ope ra tor Qu a lifica tio —Optio 2 17

6.23 Metho of R u ptu rin S e im en—Ta ck Weld er Qu a lificatio 18

6.2 Bu tt J oint for Weld in Opera tor Qu a lifica tio —ESW a nd EGW 18

6.2 F ile t Weld Brea k a nd Macroetch Test Pla te—Weld er or Weld in Opera tor Qu a lificatio Optio 1 181

6.2 Plu g Weld Ma croe tch Te st Pla te—Weld er or We ld in Opera tor Qu a lifica tio a nd W PS

Qu a lifica tio 18

6.2 F ile t Weld Brea k S e im en—Ta ck Weld er Qu alifica tion .183

6.2 Ma croetch Test As em bles for Determ ina tio of PJ P Weld Siz 18

6.30 Interm ix Test Plate 18

6.3 Interfa ce Scribe Line Loca tio 18

6.32 Interm ix CVN Test S e im en Loca tio 18

7.1 Ed ge Disco tinu ities in Cu t Materia l 2 9

7.3 Workm a nship Tolera nc s in As em bly of Groo e Weld ed J oints 21

7.4 R eq u irem ents for Weld Profies 212

8.1 Disco tinu ity Ac epta nc Criteria for Sta tica lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r a nd Sta tica lly or

Cyclca lly Loa d ed Tu bu la r Co ne tio s 2 7

8.2 Disco tinu ity Ac epta nc Criteria for Cyclca lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r Co ne tio s in

Tensio (Lim ita tio s of Porosity a nd F u sio Disco tinu ities) 2 1

8.3 Disco tinu ity Ac epta nc Criteria for Cyclca lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r Co ne tio s in

Com pres io (Lim itatio s of Porosity or F u sion -Ty e Disco tinu ities) 2 5

8.6 RT Id entifica tio a nd Hole-Ty e or Wire IQI Loca tio s o A pproxim ately Eq u a l Thicknes

J oints 10 in [2 0 m m ] and Grea ter in Len th 2 1

8.7 RT Id entifica tio a nd Hole-Ty e or Wire IQI Loca tio s o A pproxim ately Eq u a l Thicknes

J oints Les tha n 10 in [2 0 m m ] in Len th 2 1

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8.8 RT Id entifica tio a nd Hole -Ty e or Wire IQI Loca tio s o Tra nsitio J oints 10 in [2 0 m m ]

a nd Greater in Len th .2 2

8.9 RT Id entifica tio a nd Hole -Ty e or Wire IQI Loca tio s o Tra nsitio J oints Les tha n 10 in

[2 0 m m ] in Len th 2 3

8.12 Qu a lifica tio Proc d u re of Sea rch Uni Usin II W R efre nc Block 2 4

8.14 Qu a lifica tio Blocks .2 6

8.15 Pla n View of UT Sca nnin Pa tterns 2 8

8.16 Tra nsd u cer Positio s (Ty ica l) 2 9

9.1 Dim ensio a nd Tolera nc s of Sta nd ard -Ty e He ad ed Stu d s 2 8

9.3 Torq u e Testin Arra ngem ent a nd Ta ble of Testin g Torq u es 2 0

9.5 Su ggested Ty e of Devic for Qu a lifica tio Testin of Sm all Stu d s 2 2

10.1 Alowa ble F a tigu e Stres a nd Stra in R a nges for Stre ss Categ ries, Tu bu la r Stru ctu res

for Atm osp eric Service 3 5

10.2 Pa rts ofa Tu bu la r Co ne tio 3 6

10.3 F ilet Weld ed La p J oint (Tu bu la r) 3 9

10.4 Tra nsitio of Thicknes of Bu tt J oints in Pa rts of Uneq u a l Thicknes (Tu bu la r) 32

10.5 F ilet Weld ed Preq u a lified Tu bu la r J oints Ma d e b SMAW, GMAW, a nd F CAW 321

10.6 Preq u a lified J oint Deta ils for PJ P T-, Y-, a nd K -Tu bu la r Co ne tio s 32

10.7 Preq u a lified J oint Deta ils for CJ P T-, Y-, a nd K -Tu bu la r Co ne tio s 32

10.8 De initio s a nd Deta iled Sele tio s for Preq u a lified CJ P T-, Y-, a nd K -Tu bu la r Co ne tio s 32

10.9 Preq u a lified J oint Deta ils for CJ P Groo e Weld s in Tu bu la r T-, Y-, a nd K -Co ne tio s—Sta nd a rd

F la t Profies for Lim ited Thicknes 32

10.10 Preq u a lified J oint Deta ils for CJ P Groo e Weld s in Tu bu la r T-, Y-, a nd K -Co ne tio s—Profie

with Toe F ilet for nterm ed ia te Thicknes 32

10.1 Preq u a lified J oint Deta ils for CJ P Groo e Weld s in Tu bu la r T-, Y-, a nd K -Co ne tio s—Co ca ve

Im proved Profie for Hea vy Se tio s or F a tigu e 32

10.12 Positio s of Test Pipe or Tu bin for Groo e We ld s 3 0

10.1 Positio s of Test Pipes or Tu bin for Fi et Weld s 3 1

10.14 Loca tio of Test S e im ens o Weld ed Test Pipe—W PS Qu a lifica tio 3 2

10.15 Loca tio of Test S e im ens for Weld ed Bo Tu bin —W PS Qu a lifica tio 3 3

10.16 Pipe F ilet Weld S u nd nes Test—W PS Qu a lifi ca tio 3 4

10.17 Tu bu la r Bu tt Joint—Weld er Qu a lifica tio with a nd withou t Ba ckin 3 5

10.18 Tu bu la r Bu tt Joint—W PS Qu a lificatio with a n d withou t Ba ckin 3 5

10.19 Acu te An le Hee l Test (R estraints n t S own) .3 6

10.2 Test J oint for T-, Y-, and K -Co ne tio s withou t Ba ckin o Pipe or Bo Tu bin

(≥ 6 in [15 m m ] O.D.)—Welder a n d W PS Qu alifica tio 3 7

10.21 Test J oint for T-, Y-, and K -Co ne tio s withou t Ba ckin o Pipe or Bo Tu bin

(< 4 in [10 m m ] O.D.)—Weld er a nd W PS Qu alifica tio 3 8

10.2 Corner Ma croetch Test J oint for T-, Y-, a nd K -Co ne tio s withou t Ba ckin o Bo

Tu bin for CJ P Groo e Weld s—Weld er a nd W P S Qu a lifica tio 3 9

10.23 Loca tio of Test S e im ens o Weld ed Test Pipe a nd Bo Tu bin —Weld er Qu a lifica tio 34

10.2 Cla ss R Ind ica tio s 341

10.2 Sin le-Wa ll Ex osu re—Sin le-Wa ll View 34

10.2 Dou ble-Wa ll Ex osu re—Sin le-Wall Vie w 34

10.2 Dou ble-Wa ll Ex osu re—Dou ble-Wa ll (El ptical) View, Minim u m Two Ex osu res 34

10.2 Dou ble-Wa ll Ex osu re—Dou ble-Wa ll View, Minim u m T hree Ex osu res 34

10.30 Sca nnin Te h iq u es 34

B.1 Zo e Cla ssifica tio of Steels 35

Trang 28

x vi

B.2 Critica l Co ln R a te for 35 HV a nd 4 0 HV 35

B.3 Gra phs to Determ ine Co ln R a tes for Sin le-Pa ss SAW F ilet Weld s 36

B.4 R ela tio Betwe n F ilet Weld Siz a nd Energ In u t 363

D.1 Tem pera tu re-Moistu re Co tent Cha rt to be Use d in Co ju nctio with Testin Progra m to

Determ ine Extend ed Atm osp eric Ex osu re Time of Low-Hyd rogen SMAW Ele trod es 36

D.2 Ap lca tio of Tem pera tu re-Moistu re Co tent Cha rt in Determ inin Atm osp eric Ex osu re

Tim e of Low-Hyd ro en SMAW Ele trod es .36

G.1 Other Ap roved Blocks a nd Ty ica l Tra nsd u ce r Positio 381

H.1 Pha sed Arra y Im a gin Views 39

H.2 Exa m ple of a Su pplem enta l R ef rence Block 39

H.3 Exa m ple Sta nd a rd R efle tor Loca tio s in Weld Mocku p 39

H.5 Exa m ple of Tim e Ba sed Linea rity Verifica tio 39

H.6 Linea rity Verificatio R ep rt F orm 39

M.1 AW S A5.36/A5.36M Open Cla ssifica tio S ste m .4 4

O.1 Sta nd a rd R efrenc R efle ctor 4 5

O.3 Ty ica l Stand a rd R efle tor Loca ted in Weld Mock-Ups a nd Prod u ctio Weld s) .4 6

O.5 Com pres io Wa ve Depth (Horizo ta l Swe p Ca libra tio ) 4 7

O.7 S ea r Wa ve Dista nc a nd Sensitivity Ca libra tio 4 8

O.9 S herica l Disco tinu ity Cha ra cteristics 4 0

O.10 Cylnd rica l Disco tinu ity Cha ra cteristics 4 0

O.1 Pla na r Disco tinu ity Cha ra cteristics .4 1

O.15 R ep rt of UT (Alternativ Proc d u re) 4 3

R 1 Sim plfied Co c pt of Pu nchin S ea r 4 5

R 2 R ela bi ty of Pu nchin S ea r Criteria Usin Com pu ted Alp a 4 5

R 3 De initio of Term s for Com pu ted Alp a .4 6

C-4.1 Ba la ncin of F ilet Weld s Ab u t a Neu tra l Axis 5 1

C-4.2 S ea r Pla nes for F ilet a nd Groo e Weld s 5 1

C-4.4 Loa d Deorm a tio R ela tio ship for Weld s 5 2

C-4.5 Exa m ple of a n Oblq u ely Loa d ed Weld Grou p 5 3

C-4.6 Gra phica l S lu tio of the Ca pa city of a n Oblq u ely Loa d ed Weld Grou p 5 4

C-4.7 Sin le F ilet Weld e d La p J oints 5 5

C-5.1 Exa m ples ofCenterline Cra ckin 534

C-5.2 Deta ils of Alterna tive Groo e Prepa ratio s for Preq u a lified Corner J oints 535

C-5.3 Osci o ra m s a nd Sketches of GMAW-S Meta l Tra nsfr 535

C-6.1 Ty e of Weld in o Pipe Tha t Does Not R eq u ire Pipe Qu a lifica tio 5 0

C-7.1 Exa m ples ofUna cc pta ble R e entra nt Corners 5 4

C-7.2 Exa m ples of Go d Pra ctic for Cu ttin Co es 5 4

C-7.3 Perm is ible Ofset n Abu ttin Mem bers 5 4

C-7.4 Correctio ofMisa lig ed Mem bers 5 5

C-7.5 Ty ica l Metho to Determ ine Va ria tio s in Gird er Web F la tnes 5 5

C-7.6 Ilu stra tio S owin Ca m ber Mea su rem ent Me thod s 5 6

C-7.7 Mea su rem ent of F la nge Wa rpa ge a nd Ti 5 7

C-7.8 Tolera nc s a t Bea rin Points 5 8

C-8.1 9 ° T- or Corner J oints with Steel Ba ckin 5 2

Trang 29

C-8.2 Skewed T- or Corner J oints 5 2

C-8.3 Bu tt J oints with Sepa ratio Betwe en Ba ckin and J oint 5 3

C-8.4 Ef ct of R oot Openin o Bu tt J oints with Ste el Ba ckin 5 3

C-8.5 R esolu tio s for Sca nnin with Sea l Weld ed Ste el Ba ckin 5 4

C-8.6 Sca nnin with Sea l Weld ed Stee l Ba ckin 5 4

C-8.7 Ilu stra tio of Disco tinu ity Ac epta nc Criteri a for Sta tica lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r a nd Sta tica lly

or Cyclca lly Loa d ed Tu bu la r Co ne ctio s .5 5

C-8.8 Ilu stra tio of Disco tinu ity Ac epta nc Criteri a for Sta tica lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r a nd Sta tica lly

or Cyclca lly Loa d ed Tu bu la r Co ne ctio s 1-1/8 in [30 m m ] a nd Grea ter, Ty ica l of R a nd om

Ac epta ble Disco tinu ities .5 6

C-8.9 Ilu stra tio of Disco tinu ity Ac epta nc Criteri a for Cyclca lly Loa d ed No tu bu la r Co ne tio s

C-9.1 Alowa ble De e ts in the Hea d s of Hea d e d Stu d s 5 1

C-10.1 Ilu stra tio s of Bra nch Mem ber Stres es Corre sp nd in to Mod e of Loa d in 5 9

C-10.2 Im proved We ld Profie R eq u irem ents 6 0

C-10.4 Yield Line Pa tterns 6 1

C-1 3 Toe Dre ssin with Bu rr Grind er 610

C-1 4 Toe Dre ssin Norm al to Stre ss 610

C-1 5 Ef ctive Toe Grind in 61

Trang 30

This cod e co ta ins the req u ire m ents for fa bricatin a nd erectin weld ed steel stru ctu res W hen this cod e is stipu la ted in

co tra ct d ocu m ents, co form a nc with a ll provisio s of the cod e sha ll be req u ired , exc pt for those provisio s tha t the

En ine r se 1.5.1) or co tra ct d ocu m ents spe ifica lly m od ifies or exem pts

The folowin is a su m m a ry of the cod e cla u ses:

1 Gene al Req irement s This cla u se co ta ins ba sic inform a tio o the sco e a nd lm ita tio s of the cod e, ke y d efini

-tio s, a nd the m a jor resp nsibi ties of the pa rties in olved with steel fa brica tio

2 Normat ive Reerenc s This cla u se co tains a lst of refe renc d ocu m ents tha t a ssist the u ser in im plem enta tio of this

cod e or a re req u ire d for im plem enta tio

3 Te ms an Deinit ions This cla u se co ta ins term s a nd d efinitio s a s they rela te to this cod e

4 Design of Welded Con e t ions This cla u se co ta ins re q u irem ents for the d esig of weld ed co ne tio s com posed of

tu bu la r, or n ntu bu la r, prod u ct form m em bers

5 Preq alficat ion of WPSs This clau se co tains the req u irem ents for exem ptin a Weld in Proc d u re S e ifica tio

(W PS) from the W PS q u a lifica tio req u ire m e nts of this cod e

6 Qualficat ion This cla u se co ta ins the re q u irem ents for W PS q u a lificatio a nd the perform a nce q u a lifica tio tests

req u ired to be pa ssed b a ll weld in perso nel (weld ers, weld in o era tors, a nd ta ck weld ers) to perform weld in in

a ccord a nc with this cod e

7 Fabricat ion This cla u se co ta ins genera l fa brica tio a nd erectio req u irem ents a pplca ble to weld ed stee l stru ctu res

g verned b this cod e, inclu d in the req u irem ents for ba se m eta ls, weld in co su m a bles, weld in te ch iq u e, weld ed

d eta ils, m a teria l prepa ra tio a nd a sse m bly, workm a nship, weld repa ir, a nd other req u irem ents

8 Inspe tion This cla u se co ta ins criteria for the q u a lifica tio s a nd resp nsibi ties of inspe tors, a cc pta nc crite ria for

prod u ctio weld s, a nd sta nd a rd proc d u res for perform in visu a l inspe tio a nd n nd estru ctive testin (NDT)

9 St ud Welding This cla u se co ta ins the req u irem ents for the weld in of stu d s to stru ctu ra l steel

1 Tu ular St ruct ur s This cla u se co tains exclu sive tu bu la r req u irem ents Ad d itio ally, the req u irem ents of a ll other

cla u ses a pply to tu bu la rs, u nles spe ifica lly n ted otherwise

1 1 St rengt hening an Repair of Exist ing St ruct ures This clau se co tains ba sic inform a tio pertinent to the weld ed

m od ifica tio or repa ir of existin steel stru ctu res

This sta nd a rd m a kes u se of b th U.S Cu stom a ry Units a nd the I nte rna tio a l S stem of Units (SI) T he la tter a re sh wn

within bra ckets ([ ] or in a ppropria te colu m ns in ta bles a nd figu res The m ea su rem ents m a y n t be exa ct eq u iva lents;

therefore, ea ch syste m m u st be u se d ind e pend ently

Trang 31

1.3 Safet y Precaut ions

Sa fety a nd hea lth is u es a nd co c rns a re bey n the sco e of this sta nd a rd a nd therefore a re n t fu lly a d d res ed herein

It s the resp nsibi ty of the u ser to esta blsh a ppropria te sa fety a nd hea lth pra ctic s Sa fety a nd hea lth inform a tio is

a va ila ble from the folowin sou rces:

Am erica n Weld in S ciety:

(1) ANSI Z4 1, Sa fety in Weldin g, Cu ttin g, a n d Alied Proces es

(2) AW S Sa fety and Hea lth F a ct S e ts

(3) Other a fety a nd hea lth inform a tio o the AW S website

Ma teria l or Eq u ipm ent Ma nu fa ctu rer :

(1) Sa fety Da ta S e ts su ppled b m a teria ls m a nu fa ctu rers

(2) Opera tin Ma nu a ls su ppled b eq u ipm ent m a nu fa ctu rer

Ap lca ble R egu la tory Agencies

Work perform ed in a ccord anc with this sta nd a rd m a y in olve the u se ofm a teria ls tha t ha ve be n d eem ed ha za rd ou s, a nd

m a y in olve o e ra tio s or eq u ipm ent tha t m a y ca u se inju ry or d ea th This sta nd a rd d oes n t pu rport to a d d re ss a ll sa fety

a nd hea lth risks tha t m a y b encou ntere d Th u ser of this sta nd a rd sh u ld esta blsh an a ppropria te sa fety progra m to

a d d res su ch risks a s wel a s to m eet a pplca ble regu la tory req u irem ents ANSI Z4 1 sh u ld be co sid ered when

d evelo in the sa fety progra m

The cod e wa s spe ifica lly d evelo ed for weld ed ste el stru ctu re s tha t u tilz ca rbo or low a llo steels tha t a re 1/8 in

[3 m m ] or thicke r with a m inim u m spe ified yield stren th of 10 ksi [6 0 MPa ] or les The cod e m a y be su ita ble to

g vern stru ctu ral fa brica tio s ou tsid e the sco e of the intend ed pu rpose However, the En ine r sh u ld eva lu a te su ch

su ita bi ty, a nd ba se d u po su ch e va lu a tio s, incorpora te into co tra ct d ocu m ents a ny ne es a ry cha nges to cod e req u ire

-m ents to a d d res the spe ific req u irem ents of the a pplca tio tha t is ou tsid e the sco e of the cod e The Stru ctu ra l Weld in

Com m ittee encou ra ges the En ine r to co sid er the a pplca bi ty of other AW S D1 cod es for a pplca tio s in olvin a

lu-m inu lu-m (AW S D1.2), she t stee l eq u a l to or les tha n 3/16 in [5 m m ] thick (AW S D1.3), reinforcin steel (AW S D1.4),

sta inles steel (AW S D1.6), stren thenin a nd repa ir of existin stru ctu res (AW S D1.7), seism ic su pplem ent (AW S

D1.8), a nd tita niu m (AW S D1.9) The AA SHTO/AW S D1.5 B ridg Weldin g Code wa s spe ifically d evelo e d for weld

-in hig wa y brid ge com po ents a nd is recom m end ed for those a pplca tio s

1.5.1 Engine r’s Responsibi t ies The En ine r sha ll be resp nsible for the d evelo m ent of the co tra ct d ocu m ents

tha t g vern prod u cts or stru ctu ra l asse m ble s prod u ce d u nd er this cod e The En ine r m a y a d d to, d elete from , or

otherwise m od ify, the req u irem ents of this cod e to m eet the pa rticu la r req u irem ents of a spe ific stru ctu re Al req u irem ents

tha t m od ify this cod e sha ll be incorpora ted into co tra ct d ocu m ents The En ine r sha ll d eterm ine the su ita bi ty ofall

joint d eta ils to be u sed in a weld ed a ssem bly

The En ine r ha ll spe ify in co tra ct d ocu m e nts, as ne es a ry, a nd a s a pplca ble, the folowin :

(1) Cod e req u irem ents tha t a re a pplca ble o ly when spe ified b the En ine r

(2) Al a d d itio a l NDT tha t is n t spe ifica lly a d d res e d in the cod e

(3) Extent of verifica tio inspe tio , when req u ire d

(4) Weld a cc pta nc criteria other tha n tha t spe ified in Cla u se 8

(5) CVN tou gh es criteria for weld m eta l, ba se m e ta l, a nd /or HAZ when req u ired

(6) F or n ntu bu la r a pplca tio s, whether the stru ctu re is sta tica lly or cyclca lly loa d ed

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(7) W hich weld ed joints a re loa d ed in tensio

(8) Al a d d itio a l req u irem ents tha t a re n t spe ifica lly a d d res ed in the cod e

(9) F or OEM a pplca tio s, the resp nsibi ties of the pa rties in olved

1.5.2 Cont ract or’s Responsibi t ies The Co tra ctor ha ll be resp nsible for W PSs, q u a lificatio of weld in perso nel,

the Co tra ctor’s inspe tio , a nd perform in work in co form a nc with the req u irem ents of this cod e a nd co tra ct

d ocu m ents

1.5.3 Inspe t or’s Responsibi t ies

1.5.3.1 Cont ract or Inspec t ion Co tra ctor inspe tio sha ll be su ppled b the Co tra ctor a nd sha ll be perform ed a s

ne es a ry to ensu re tha t m a te ria ls a nd workm a nship m eet the req u irem ents of the co tra ct d ocu m ents

1.5.3.2 Ve ificat ion Inspe t ion The En ine r sha ll d eterm ine if Verifica tio Inspe tio shall be perform ed

R esp nsibi ties for Verifica tio Inspe tio sha ll be esta blshed be twe n the En ine r a nd the Verificatio I nspe tor

Al ref renc s to the ne d for a pprova l sha ll be inte rpreted to m ea n a ppro a l b the Au thority Ha vin J u risd ictio or the

En ine r

1.7.1 Code Te ms “S al,” “S ould,” an “Ma ” “S a ll,” “sh u ld ,” a nd “m a y” ha ve the folowin sig ifica nc :

1.7.1.1 S al Cod e provisio s tha t u se “sha ll” a re m a nd a tory u nles spe cifica lly m od ified in co tra ct d ocu m ents b

the En ine r

1.7.1.2 S ould The word “sh u ld ” is u sed to recom m en pra ctic s tha t a re co sid e red beneicia l, bu t a re n t

req u irem ents

1.7.1.3 Ma The word “m a y” in a provisio a llows the u se of o tio a l proc d u res or pra ctic s tha t ca n be u sed a s a n

a lterna tive or su pplem ent to cod e req u irem ents Th se o tio a l proc d u re s tha t req u ire the En ine r’s a pprova l sha ll

either be spe cified in the co tra ct d ocu m e nts, or req u ire the En inee r’s a pprova l The Co tra ctor m a y u se a ny o tio

withou t the En ine r’s a ppro a l when the cod e d oes n t spe ify tha t the En ine r’s a pprova l sha ll be req u ired

Weld in sym bols sha ll be those sh wn in AW S A2.4, Sta n da rd Sy mbol fr Weldin g, B ra zin g, a n d Non desru ctive

Exa min a tio S e ia l co d itio s sha ll be fu lly ex la ined b a d d ed n tes or d eta ils

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2 Normat ive R eferences

The d ocu m ents lsted below are refrenc d within this pu blca tio a nd a re m and a tory to the extent spe ified herein F or

u nd a ted refrenc s, the la test ed itio of the re ferenc d sta nd a rd sha ll a pply F or dated ref rence s, su bseq u ent a m end

-m ents to, or revisio s of, a ny of these pu blca tio s d o n t apply

Am erican Weld in S ciety (AW S) Sta nd a rd s:

AW S A2.4, Sta n da rd Sy mbol fr Weldin g, B ra zin g, a n d Non desru ctive Exa min a tio

AW S A3.0M/A3.0, Sta n da rd Weldin g Te ms a n d D efin ition s, In clu din g Te ms fr Adh esive B on din g, B ra zin g,

Solde in g, Th erma l Cu ttin g, a n d Th erma l Spra y in g

AW S A4.3, Sta n da rd Meth ods fr D e te rmin a tion o th e D ifu sible Hy dro en Con ten t o Ma rten sitic, B a in itic, a n d

Fe ritic Ste l Weld Meta l Produ ced b Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.01M/A5.01:2 1 (I SO 1434 :2 10 MOD), Procu remen t Gu idelin es fr Con su ma bles—Weldin g a n d Alie d

Proces es—Flu x a n d Ga s Sh ielded Electrica l Weldin g Proces es

AW S A5.1/A5.1M:2 12, Specifica tio fr Ca rb n Ste el Electrodes fr Sh ielded Me ta l Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.5/A5.5M:2 14, Specifica tio fr Low-Alo Ste l Electrodes fr Sh ielded Me ta l Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.12M/A5.12:2 0 (SO 6 4 :2 0 MOD), Specifica tio fr Tu n gs e n a n d O xide D ispe sed Tu n gsen

Electrodes fr Arc Weldin g a n d Cu ttin g

AW S A5.17/A5.17M-9 (R 20 7), Specifica tio fr Ca rb n Ste l Electrodes a n d Flu xe s fr Su bmerged Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.18/A5.18M:2 0 , Specifica tio fr Ca rb n Stee l Ele ctrodes a n d R ods fr Ga s Sh ielded Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.2 /A5.2 M:2 0 , Specifica tio fr Ca rb n Stee l Ele ctrodes fr Flu x Cor d Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.23/A5.23M:2 1 , Specifica tio fr Low-Alo Ste l Electrodes a n d Flu xes fr Su bmerged Arc We ldin g

AW S A5.2 /A5.2 M-9 (R 20 9), Specifica tio fr Ca rb n a n d Low-Alo Ste l Electrodes a n d Flu xes fr Electrosa g

Weldin g

AW S A5.2 /A5.2 M-9 (R 20 9), Specifica tio fr Ca rb n a n d Low-Alo Ste el Electrodes fr Electro a s Weldin g

AW S A5.2 /A5.2 M:2 0 , Specifica tio fr Low-Alo Stee l Fille Meta ls fr Ga s Sh ielde d Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.2 /A5.2 M:2 10, Specifica tio fr Low-Alo Stee l Ele ctrodes fr Flu x Cor d Arc Weldin g

AW S A5.30/A5.30M:2 0 , Specifica tio fr Con su ma ble In se t

AW S A5.32M/A5.32:2 1 (I SO 1417 :2 0 MOD), Weldin g Con su ma bles—Ga ses a n d Ga s Mixtu res fr Fu sio

Weldin g a n d Alied Proces es

AW S A5.36/A5.36M:2 12, Specifica tio fr Ca rb n a n d Low-Alo Ste l Flu x Cor d Electrode s fr Flu x Cor d Arc

Weldin g a n d Meta l Core d Electrodes fr Ga s Meta l Arc Weldin g

AW S B5.1, Specifica tio fr th e Q u a lifica tion o Weldin g In spectors

AW S B4.0, Sta n da rd Meth ods fr Mech a n ica l Tesin g o We lds

AW S C4.1-7 (R 2010), Crite ia fr D e scribin g Oxy gen -Cu t Su rfa ces a n d O xy gen Cu ttin g Su rfa ce R ou gh n es Ga u ge

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AW SD1.0, Code fr Weldin g in B u ildin g Con stru ctio

AW SD1.8/D1.8M, Stru ctu ra l Weldin g Code—Seismic Su pplemen t

AW SD2.0, Spe cifica tio fr Welded High wa y a n d R a ilwa y B ridges

AW SQC1, Sta n da rd fr AWS Ce tifica tio o Weldin g In spectors

ANSI Z4 1, Sa fety in Weldin g,Cu ttin g, a n d Alied Pro e sses

Am erica n Institu te ofSteel Co stru ctio (AISC) Sta nd a rd s:

ANSI/AISC 36 , Specifica tio fr Stru ctu ra l B u ildin gs

Am erica n Petroleu m Institu te (API) Sta nd a rd s:

API 2W, Specifica tio fr Ste l Pla tes fr O ffsh or Stru ctu res, Produ ced b Th ermo-Mech a n ica l Con trol Proces in g

API 2Y, Specifica tio fr Ste l Pla tes, Q u en ch ed a n d- Te mpe ed,fr O ffsh or Stru ctu res

Am erica n S ciety of Me hanica l En ine rs (ASME) Sta nd ard s:

ASME B oile a n d Pr s u re Ves el Code , Se tio V, Article 2

ASME B4 1, Su rfa ce Te xtu re (Su rfa ce R ou gh n e ss, Wa vin es , a n d La y )

Am erica n S ciety for No d estru ctiv Testin (ASNT) Sta nd ard s:

ASNT CP–18 , ASNTSta n da rd fr Q u a lifica tio a n d Ce rtifica tio o Non desru ctive Pe son n el

ASNT R e commen ded Pra ctice No SNT-T -1A, Pe son n el Q u a lifica tio a n d Ce tifica tio in Non desru ctive Tesin g

Am erica n S ciety for Testin a nd Ma teria ls (A STM) Sta nd ard s:

Al ASTM ba se m etals lsted in Ta ble 5.3 a nd Ta ble 6.9 a re fou nd in ASTM 01.0 , Ste l—Stru ctu ra l, R ein forcin g,

Pr s u re Ves el R a ilwa y, ASTM 01.03, Ste l-Pla te, Sh e et, Strip, Wir ; Sta in les Stee l B a r, or ASTM 01.01, Ste

l-Pipin g, Tu bin g, Fitin gs

ASTM A6, Sta n da rd Specifica tio fr Gen era l R eq u ire men ts fr R oled Stru ctu ra l Ste l B a rs, Pla te s, Sh a pes, a n d

Sh eet Pilin g

ASTM A10 , Sta n da rd Specifica tio fr Ste l, Strip, Ca rb n , (0.25 Ma ximu m Pe cen t),Cold R ole d

ASTM A37 , Mech a n ica l Tesin g o Ste l Produ cts

ASTM A435, Specifica tio fr Stra igh t B ea m Ulra son ic Exa min a tio o Ste l Pla tes

ASTM A6 3, Specifica tio fr Sa mplin g Procedu re fr Impa ct Tesin g o Stru ctu ra l Ste l

ASTM E23, Sta n da rd Me th ods fr Notch ed B a r Impa ct Te stin g o Meta llic Ma te ia ls, fr Ty pe A Ch a rp (Simple

B ea m)Impa ct Specimen

ASTM E9 , Tes Meth od fr Vicke s Ha rdn e ss o Meta llic Ma te ia ls

ASTM E9 , Sta n da rd Gu ide fr R a dio ra ph ic Exa min a tio Usin g In du stria l R a dio ra ph ic Film

ASTM E14 , Ha rdn e ss Con ve sio Ta bles fr Meta ls

ASTM E16 , Tes Meth od fr Liq u id Pen etra n t Exa min a tio

ASTM E7 9, Gu ide fr Ma gn etic Pa rticle In spectio

ASTM E7 7, Con trolin g Q u a lity o R a dio ra ph ic Tesin g Usin g Wire Pa ra mete s

ASTM E1032, R a dio ra ph ic Exa min a tio o Weldme n ts Usin g In du stria l X-R a y Film

ASTM E12 4, Sta n da rd Gu ide fr Stora ge o R a dio ra p h s a n d Un ex ose d In du stria l R a dio ra ph ic Films

ASTM E2 3 , Sta n da rd Pra ctice fr R a dio ra ph ic Exa min a tio u sin g Compu ted R a diolo y (Ph otosimu la ble

Lu min escen ce Meth od)

A ST M E 24 5, Sta n da rd Pra ctic fr Pe rfrma n ce Eva lu a tio a n d L on g-Te rm Sta b ility fComp u te dR a diolo y Syste ms

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ASTM E2 9 , Sta n da rd Pra ctice fr R a diolo ica l Exa min a tio Usin g D igita l D e tector Ar a y s

ASTM E2 9 , Sta n da rd Pra ctice fr D igita l Ima gin g a n d Commu n ica tio in Non desru ctive Eva lu a tio (D ICO ND E)

fr D igita l R a dio ra ph ic (D R ) Te st Meth ods

ASTM E2 37, Sta n da rd Pra ctice fr D igita l D etector Ara y Pe frma n ce Eva lu a tio a n d Lon g-Te m Sta bility

Ca na d ia n Sta nd a rd s As ocia tio (CSA) Sta nd a rd s:

CSA W 17 2, Ce tifica tio o Weldin g In spectors

Interna tio a l Institu te of Weld in (IW ) Ultra so ic R efe renc Block

The S ciety for Protective Coa tin s (S PC) Sta nd a rd s:

S PC-SP2, Ha n d To l Clea n in g

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AW S A3.0M/A3.0, Sta n da rd Weldin g Te ms a n d D efin ition s,In clu din g Te ms fr Adh esive B on din g, B ra zin g,Solde in g,

Th erma l Cu ttin g,a n d Th e rma l Spra y in g , provid es the ba sis for term s a nd d efinitio s u sed he rein However, the folowin

term s a nd d efinitio s a re inclu d ed below to a ccom od ate u sa ge spe ific to this d ocu m en

The term s a nd d efinitio s in this glos a ry a re d ivid e d into thre ca teg rie s: (1) genera l we ld in term s com pied b the

AW S Com m ittee o Deinitio s a nd S m bols; (2) term s, d efined b the AW S Stru ctu ra l Weld in Com m ittee, which

a pply o ly to UT, d esig a ted b (UT) folowin the term ; a nd (3) other term s, prec d ed b a sterisks, which a re d efined

a s they rela te to this cod e

F or the pu rposes of this d ocu m en the folowin term s a nd d efinitio s a pply:

A

* lo flux A flu x u po which the a llo co tent of the weld m eta l is la rgely d epend e nt

* l weld-met al t es spe imen A test spe im en with the red u ced se tio com posed wh ly of weld m eta l

* mplt ude lengt h r je t ion level (UT) The m a xim u m len th of d isco tinu ity a llowed b va riou s ind ica tio ra tin s

a ssocia ted with weld siz , a s ind ica ted in Ta bles 8.2 a nd 8.3

* ngle of bevel Se bevel angle

arc g uging Therm a l g u gin tha t u ses a n a rc cu ttin proc s va ria tio to form a bevel or gro ve

as-welded The co d itio of weld m eta l, weld ed joints, a nd we ld m e nts a fter weld in , bu t prior to a ny su bseq u ent

ther-m a l, m echa nica l, or che m ica l trea tm ents

* t t en at ion (UT) The los in a cou stic energ which oc u rs betwe n a ny two p intsof tra ve l This los m a y be d u e to

a bsorptio , refle tio , etc (n this cod e, u sin the shea r wa ve pu lse-e h m etho of testin , the a ttenu a tio fa ctor is 2

d B per inch of sou nd pa th d ista nc a fte r the first nch.)

aut omat ic welding Weld in with eq u ipm ent tha t re q u ires o ly oc a sio a l or n o serva tio of the weld in , and n

m a nu a l a d ju stm ent of the eq u ipm ent co trols Va ria tio s of this term a re aut omat ic brazing, aut omat ic solde ing,

aut omat ic t he mal cut t ing , a nd aut omatic t he mal spra ing

* uxi ary at t achment s Mem bers or a ppu rtena nc s a tta ched to m a in stres -ca rryin m em bers b weld in Su ch m

em-bers m a y or m a y n t ca rry loa d s

a e a e inst ant aneous powe (AIP), wa vefrm-c n troled weldin g The avera ge of prod u cts of a m pera ges a nd v lta ges

d eterm ined a t sa m pln freq u e ncies su fficient to q u a ntify wa veorm cha nges d u rin a weld in interva l

a is of a weld Se weld a is

B

backg uging The rem ova l of weld m eta l a nd ba se m eta l from the we ld ro t sid e ofa weld ed joint to fa ci ta te com plete

fu sio a nd CJ P u po su bse q u ent weld in from tha t sid e

backing A m a teria l or d evic pla ced a ga inst the ba ck sid e of the join or a t b th sid es of a weld in ESW a nd EGW, to

su pp rt a nd reta in m olten weld m eta l The m a teria l m a y be pa rtia lly fu se d or rem a in u nfu sed d u rin weld in and m a y

be either m eta l or n nm eta l

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backing pas A weld pa ss m a d e for a ba ckin weld

backing ring Ba ckin in the form of a rin , genera lly u sed in the weld in of pipe

backing weld Ba ckin in the form ofa weld

*back p weld (t ub lar st ructur s) The initia l closin pass in a CJ P groo e weld , m ad e from o e sid e o ly, which

serves a s a ba ckin for su bseq u ent weld in , bu t is n t co sid ered a s a pa rt of the theoretica l weld (F igu res 10.9

throu gh 10.1 , Deta ils C a nd D)

back weld A weld m a d e a t the ba ck of a sin le groo e we ld

base met al The m e tal or a llo tha t is weld ed , bra zed , sold e red , or cu t

bevel angle The a ngle be twe n the bevel of a joint m em ber a nd a pla ne perpend icu lar to the su rfa ce of the m em ber

bo t ubing Tu bu la r prod u ct of sq u are or recta ngu la r cros se tio Se t ub lar

*brac i nt erse t i on angl e, θ ( t ub l ar st ruct ures) Th a cu te a ngle form ed betwe n bra ce c nterlines

*Buiding Code The bu ild in la w or spe ifica tio or other co stru ctio regu la tio s in co ju nctio with which this cod e

is a ppled

NO TE: In th e a bsen ce o a n y loca lly a pplica ble bu ildin g la w or spe cifica tion s or oth er con stru ctio rgu la tion s, it is

rcommen ded th a t th e c n stru ctio b e r q u ire d to comply with th e Specifica tio fr Stru ctu ra l Ste el B u ildin gs (AISC)

b t t join A joint betwe n two m em bers a lig ed a pproxima tely in the sa m e pla ne

b t t weld A n nsta nd a rd term for a weld in a bu tt join Se e b t t join

C

*cap pas One or m ore weld pa sses tha t form the weld fa ce (ex osed su rfa ce of com pleted we ld ) Ad ja cent ca p pa sses

m a y pa rtia lly co er, bu t n t com pletely co e r, a ca p pa ss

*caulking Pla stic d eform a tio of weld a nd ba se m eta l su rfa ces b m echa nica l m ea ns to sea l or o scu re d isco tinu ities

complet e fusion F u sio o er the entire fu sio fa ces a nd be twe n a ll a d joinin weld bea d s

complet e joint penet rat ion (CJP) A joint root co d itio in a groo e weld in which weld m eta l extend s throu gh the joint

thicknes

*Comp t ed radio rap y (CR)

*CJP groo e weld ( t at icaly an cyclcaly lo ded st ruct ures) A groo e weld which ha s be n m a d e from b th sid es

or from o e sid e o a ba ckin ha vin CJ P a nd fu sio of weld a nd ba se m eta l throu gh u t the d epth of the join

*CJP g ro v e we ld (tub la r str uc ture s) A gro v e we l d h avi n g CJ P an d fu si on of we ld an d b se me tal th rough ou t th e de pth

of th e joi n t or as de tai le d i n Fi gu re s 10.4 10 7 th rough 10 1 , an d 10 19 ACJ P tu bular gro v e we l d mad e from on e si de

on l y, wi th out backi n g, i s al l owe d wh e re th e si ze or con fi gurati on , or b th , pre v e n t ac e ss to th e ro t si d e of th e we l d

complet e penet rat ion A n nsta nd a rd term for CJP Se complet e joint penet rat ion

const ruct ion aid weld A weld m ad e to a tta ch a pie e or pie es to a weld m ent for tem pora ry u se in ha nd lin , ship in ,

or workin o the stru ctu re

consumable guide ESW Se ESW, consumable guide

cont in ous weld A weld tha t extend s co tinu ou sly from o e en of a joint to the other W here the joint s es entia lly

circu la r, i e xtend s com pletely a rou nd the join

*cont ract document s An cod es, spe ifica tio s, d ra win s, or a d d itio a l req u irem ents tha t a re co tra ctu ally spe ified b

the Owner

*Cont ract or An com pa ny, or tha t ind ivid u a l re presentin a com pa ny, re sp nsible for the fa brica tio , ere ctio m a nu fa

c-tu rin or weld in , in co form a nce with the pro isio s of this cod e

*Cont ract or’s Inspe t or The d u ly d esig a ted pe rso wh a cts for, a nd in beha lf of, the Co tra ctor o a ll inspe tio a nd

q u a lity m a tters within the sco e of the cod e and of the co tra ct d ocu m ents

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corne join A joint betwe en two m em bers loca ted a pproxi m a tely a t rig t a ngles to ea ch other in the form of a n L

*co e pas Se c ap pas

CO

2

welding A n nsta nd a rd term for GMAW with ca rbo d io id e shield in ga s

c at er A d epres io in the weld fa ce a t the term ina tio ofa weld bead

* Charpy V-not ch (CVN)

D

* digit al det ect or arr ay (DDA)

*de ibel (dB) (UT) The lo a rithm ic ex re ssio of a ra tio of two a m pltu d es or intensities of a cou stic energ

*de ibel rat ing (UT) Se prefe rred term in icat ion rat ing

dee t A d isco tinu ity or d isco tinu ities tha t b na tu re or accu m u la ted ef ct (for exa m ple tota l cra ck len th) rend er a

pa rt or prod u ct u na ble to m eet m inim u m applca ble a cce pta nc sta nd a rd s or spe ifica tio s This term d esig a tes

reje ta bi ty

dee t ive weld A weld co ta inin o e or m ore d efcts

*de e t level (UT) Se e in ication level

*de e t rat ing (UT) Se in icat ion rat ing

dept h of fusion The d ista nc tha t fu sio e xtend s into the ba se m eta l or previou s bead from the su rfa ce m elted d u rin

weld in

*dihedral angle Se local dihedr al angle discont in it y An interru ptio of the typica l stru ctu re of a m a teria l, su ch a s

a la ck of h m oge neity in its m echa nica l or m eta llu rgica l, or p ysica l cha ra cteristics A d isco tinu ity is n t ne e ssarily

a d ef ct

down an An nsta nd a rd term for flat welding posit ion

*direct radio rap y (DR)

*drawings R ef rs to pla ns d esig a nd d eta il d ra win s, a nd ere ctio plans

E

*edge angle (t ub lar st ruct ures) Th a cu te a ngle betwe en a bevel ed ge m a d e in prepa ra tio for weld in a nd a ta ngent

to the m em ber u rfa ce, m ea su red loca lly in a pla ne perpend icu la r to the interse tio lne Al bevels o e n to ou tsid e of

bra ce

*e fct ive lengt h of weld The len th throu gh u t which the correctly prop rtio e d cros se tio of the weld exists In a

cu rved weld , i sha ll be m ea su red a lo g the weld a xis

ele t rog s welding (EGW) A n a rc weld in proc s tha t u ses an a rc betwe n a co tinu ou s fi er m eta l ele trod e a nd the

weld p ol, em plo in a pproxim a tely vertica l weld in progres io with ba ckin to co fin the m olten we ld m eta l The

proc s is u sed with or withou t a n externa lly su ppled shield in ga s a nd withou t the a pplca tio of pre ssu re

ele t rosla welding (ESW) A weld in proc s tha t prod u ces coa lesc nc of m eta ls with m olten sla g tha t m elts the fi er

m eta l a nd the su rfa ces of the workpie es The weld p ol is shie ld e d b this sla g, which m oves alo g the fu ll cros

se tio of the joint a s weld in progres es The proc s is initia ted b a n arc tha t hea ts the sla g The a rc is then

extin-gu ished b the co d u ctive sla g, which is kept m olte n b its resista nc to ele tric cu rre nt pa ssin betwee n the ele trod e

a nd the workpie es

ESW, consumable guide An ele trosla g weld in proc s va ria tio in which fi er m eta l is su ppled b a n ele trod e a nd

its gu id in m em ber

*en ret urn The co tinu a tio of a fi et weld a rou nd a corner of a m e m ber a s a n extensio of the principa l weld

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*Engine r A d u ly d esig a ted ind ivid u a l wh a cts for a nd in beha lfof the Owner o a ll m a tters within the sco e of the

cod e

F

*fat igue F a tigu e, a s u sed herein, is d efined a s the d a m a ge tha t m a y resu lt n fra ctu re a fter a su fficient nu m ber of stres

flu ctu a tio s Stres ra nge is d efined a s the pea k-to-trou gh m a gnitu d e of these flu ctu a tio s In the ca se of stres reversa l,

stres ra nge sha ll be com pu ted a s the nu m erica l su m (a lgebra ic d iferenc ) of m a xim u m repea ted tensie a nd com

pres-sive stres es, or the su m of shea rin stre sse s of o p site d irectio a t a given p in resu ltin from cha ngin co d itio s

of loa d

fa ing sur ac The m a tin su rface ofa m em ber tha t is in co ta ct with or in close proxim ity to a nother m em ber to which

i is to be joined

fi e met al The m eta l or a llo to be a d d ed in m a kin a weld ed , brazed , or old ered join

fi et weld leg Th d istanc from the joint root to the toe of the fi et weld

fin A d efct n a ba r or other roled se tio ca u sed b the ste el spre a d in into the clea ra nce betwe en the rols This

pro-d u ces a thick o erfi which, if roled a ga in, u su ally be com es a la p

flare-bevel gro ve weld A weld in the groo e form ed betwe n a joint m em ber with a cu rved su rfa ce a nd a nother with a

pla na r su rfa ce

*flash The m a teria l which is ex eled or sq u e ez d ou t of a weld joint a nd which form s a rou nd the weld

flat welding posit ion The weld in p sitio u sed to we ld from the u pper id e of the joint a t a p int where the weld a xis

is a pproxim a tely h rizo ta l, a nd the weld fa ce le s in an a pproxim a tely h rizo ta l pla ne

flux cor d arc welding (FCAW) An a rc weld in proc s tha t u ses an a rc betwe n a co tinu ou s fi er m eta l ele trod e and

the weld p ol The proc s is u sed with shield in ga s from a flu x co ta ine d within the tu bu la r ele trod e, with or with

-ou t a d d itio a l shield in from a n externa lly su ppled ga s, a nd withou t the a pplca tio ofpres u re

*flux c ored are welding— gas shielded (FCAW-G) A flu x cored a rc weld in proc s va ria tio in which a d d itio a l

shield in is o ta ined from a n externa lly su ppled ga s or ga s m ixtu re

*flux cor d arc welding— self shielded (FCAW-S) A flu x cored a rc weld in proc s where shield in is exclu sively

provid ed b a flu x co ta ined within the tu bu la r ele trod e

fusion The m eltin together of fi er m eta l a nd ba se m e ta l ( u bstra te), or of ba se m eta l o ly, to prod u ce a weld

fusion lne The b u nd a ry betwe n weld m etal and ba se m eta l in a fu sio weld

*fusion-t ype discont in it y Sig ifies slag inclu sio , incom plete fu sio , incom plete joint penetra tio , a nd sim ila r d iscon

-tinu ities a ssocia ted with fu sio

fusion zone The a rea of ba se m eta l m elted a s d eterm ined o the cros se tio of a weld

G

ga s meta l a rc w eldin g (GMAW) A n arc we ldi n g proce ss th at u se s an arc be twe e n a con ti n u ou s fi lle r me tal e le ctrod e an d

th e we ld p o T h e proce ss i s use d wi th sh i e l d i n g from an e xte rn al ly su ppli e d g s an d wi th ou t th e appli cati on ofpre ssure

g s met al arc welding-short circuit ar (GMAW-S) A ga s m eta l a rc weld in proc s va ria tio in which the co su

m-a ble ele trod e is d ep sited d u rin repe a ted sh rt circu its

g s pocket A n nsta nd a rd term for porosity

Geomet ric u sharp es U

g) The fu zzines or la ck of d e finitio in a ra d io ra phic im a ge resu ltin from the com bina tio

of sou rce size , o je t-to-fim d ista nc , a nd sou rce-to-o je t d ista nc

g uging Se t he mal g uging

gro ve angle The tota l inclu d ed a ngle of the groo e be twe n workpie es

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* roov e angl e, θ ( t ub l ar st ruct ures) The a ngle betwe n o p sin fa ces of the groo e to be fi ed with weld m eta ls,

d e te rm ined a fter the joint s fit-u p

gro ve fac Th su rfa ce of a joint m em ber inclu d ed in the groo e

gro ve weld A weld m a d e in the groo e betwe n the workpie e s

H

heat -af ct ed zone (HAZ) The p rtio of the base m eta l wh se m echanica l properties or m icrostru ctu re ha ve be n

a ltered b the hea t of weld in , brazin , sold e rin , or therm a l cu ttin

horizont al fixed posit ion (pipe welding) The p sitio of a pipe joint n which the a xis of the pipe is a pproxim a tely

h rizo ta l, a nd the pipe is n t rota ted d u rin weld in ( e F igu res 6.1, 6.2, a nd 10.12)

horizont al welding position, filet weld The weld in p sitio in which the weld is o the u pper id e of a n a pproxim a tely

h rizo ta l su rfa ce a nd a gainst an a pproxim a tely vertica l su rfa ce ( e F igu res 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, a nd 6.4)

*horizont al ref renc lne (UT) A h rizo ta l ln nea r the c nter of the UT instru m ent sco e to which a ll e h es are

a d ju sted for d Brea d in

horizont al rot at ed posit ion (pipe welding) The p sitio of a pipe joint n which the a xis of the pipe is a pproxim a tely

h rizo ta l, a nd weld in is perform ed in the fla t p sitio b rota tin the pipe (ee Figu re s 6.1, 6.2, a nd 10.12)

*hot -spot train (t ub lar st ruct ures) The cyclc tota l ra nge of stra in which wou ld be m ea su red a t the p int of hig est

stres co c ntra tio in a weld ed co ne ctio

NO TE: Wh en mea su rin g h ot-sp t sra in , th e sra in ga ge sh ou ld be su fficien tly sma ll to a void a vera gin g h ig a n d low

sra in s in th e r gion s o se p gra dien ts

I

*ima e q alt y in icat or (IQI) A d evic wh se im age in a ra d io ra ph is u sed to d eterm ine RT q u a lity level It s n t

intend ed for u se in ju d gin the siz n r for esta blshin a cc pta nc lm its of d isco tinu itie s

*in icat ion (UT) The sig a l d ispla yed o the osci osco e sig ifyin the presence of a sou nd wa ve refle tor in the pa rt

bein tested

*in icat ion level (UT) The ca libra ted ga in or a ttenu a tio co trol rea d in o ta ined for a ref renc lne heig t nd icatio

from a d isco tinu ity

*in icat ion rat ing (UT) The d ecibel rea d in in rela tio to the z ro re erenc leve l a fter ha vin be n corrected for ou nd

a ttenu a tio

int ermit t ent weld A weld in which the co tinu ity is broken b recu rrin u nweld ed spa ces

int erpas t empe at ur In a m u ltipa ss weld ,the tem pera tu re of the weld a re a betwe n weld pa sses

J

join The ju nctio of m em bers or the e d ges of m em bers tha t a re to be joined or ha ve be n joined

joint penet rat ion The d ista nc the weld m e ta l extend s from the we ld fa ce into a join e xclu siv of weld reinforce m en

joint ro t Tha t p rtio of a joint to be weld ed where the m em bers a pproach closest to ea ch other In cros se tio , the

joint root m a y be either a p in a lne, or a n a rea

L

lap join A joint be twe n two o erla ppin m em bers in pa ra llel pla nes

*la e A stra tu m of weld m eta l or u rfa cin m a teria l The la yer m a y co sist of o e or m ore weld bead s la id sid e b sid e

Tiêu đề	Structural Welding Code—Steel
Tác giả	American Welding Society (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural Welding
Trường học	American Welding Society
Chuyên ngành	Welding Engineering
Thể loại	Standard
Năm xuất bản	2020
Thành phố	United States

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