29 giao thoa văn hóa EN14 025

They are exchanges PASSAGE 1: READ THE PASSAGES CAREFULLY, THEN CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.. a picture is more important than a thousand words Passage 5: Read the passages carefully, then

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Giao thoa văn hóa – EN14

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word

In summary, for most visitors, the Japanese are (1) complex and difficult to understand Thegraceful act of (2)bowing , is the traditional greeting However, they have also adopted thewestern custom of shaking hands, but with a light grip Meanwhile, to (3) show respect fortheir customs, it would flatter them to offer a slight bow when being introduced.(4) avoid hugging and kissing when greeting It is considered rude to stare Prolonged directeye contact is considered to be (5) impolite or even intimidating It is rude to stand with yourhand or hands in your pockets, especially when greeting someone (6) or when addressing agroup of people The seemingly simple act of exchanging business cards is more complex inJapan (7) because the business card represents not only one’s identity but also his(8) status in life Yours should be printed in your own language and in Japanese TheJapanese are not a touch-oriented society; so avoid open displays of affection, touching orany prolonged (9) form of body contact Queues are generally respected; especially incrowded train and subway stations (10) where the huge volume of people causes touchingand pushing

for dislike no express much look while to be accurately interpreting

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

The most dominant and reliable features of facial expressions provide a constant channel ofcommunication They can be shifty and evasive; convey hate, fear, and guilt; or(1) express confidence, love, and support

Referred to as “mirrors of the soul” our eyes serve as the major decisive factor in(2) interpreting the spoken words The eyes of the man converse as (3) much as theirtongues, with the advantage that the ocular dialect needs (4) no dictionary, but it isunderstood all over the world When the eyes say one thing, and the tongue another, apracticed man relies on eyes Except (5) for extremely shy individuals, most people look forsocial acceptance by studying the eyes of others Eyes also can (6) accurately indicate apositive or a negative relationship People tend to look longer and more often at the peoplewhom they trust, respect and care about than at those whom they doubt or (7) dislike.Normal eye dilation is not under control of the individual Personally characteristics such asintroversion and extroversion also influence eye behavior Eye behavior seems (8) to

be particular importance and is generally used to indicate whether one is open tocommunication This can be observed when a teacher asks the class a question: studentswho think they know the answer will generally (9) look at the teacher, (10) while studentswho do not know the answer will usually try to avoid eye contact

Passage 3: Read the passages carefully, then choose the best option

Greetings in all languages have the same purpose: to establish contact with another person, to recognize his or her existence and to show friendliness The formulas for greeting are very specific and usually do not carry any literal meaning people say “ Good morning “even if it is a miserable day and may reply

to “How are you?” with “Fine, thanks” even if they aren’t feeling well.

Closings, like greetings are commonly used to exchange with no literal meaning People who are leaving each other permanently or for a long time shake hands or embrace, depending on the relationship If you are in an unfamiliar situation and wonder what to do, watch other people or ask.

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It is interesting, and sometimes very important to learn about the standards of courtesy in different cultural areas of the world so that we can practice them well and avoid awkwardness in case we get a chance to visit a person or a community

of unfamiliar social customs.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the formulas for greeting?

a They have no literal meaning

b They are familiar

c They are common

d They are exchanges

PASSAGE 1: READ THE PASSAGES CAREFULLY, THEN CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

Traditions, saying, beliefs, language, and values are just a few things that make up ourculture Culture is the framework in which families are structured It shapes our expectationsand ideals Culture plays a part in the meaning of marriage and our roles as husbands,wives, children and parents

Understanding cultural differences and similarities related to marriage is important Cultureaffects the roles that spouses take within marriages, the age at marriage and number ofchildren a couple have, the meaning of divorce, cohabitation and non-marital childbearing,and the way parents raise children Understanding how relationships and marriages varyacross cultural contexts, and how they are similar, we will be able to identify the uniqueways that marriages and family life affect people of various cultures As a result, we will beable to help families and sustain happy marriages

A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The culturalbackground, visits to the other country, the language of the country and learning to speak it,the different habits and ways of doing and saying things that people from other cultureshave, are all very exciting indeed What are the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage

or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matterhow much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross culturalawareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences, misunderstandingseems to be unavoidable

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The passage is about ……….

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a cultural differences

b.the role of spouses in the family

c the definition of culture

d the effects of cultures on love and marriage

The word It (line 3) refers to ………….

Passage 7: Read the passages carefully and choose the best option

Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue,

or status Cognitively, gestures operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages.Gestures also serve an important function with regard to regulating the flow of conversation.For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the class, single nods of thehead from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate.Postures as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods,approval, deception, warmth, arid other variables related to conversation interaction

The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facialexpressions Facial appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eyecolor-offers enduring cues that reveille information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, andstatus

A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness,and facial hair-relate to an individual’s idea of beauty A third group of facial markers aremomentary expressions that signal that cause changes in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids,cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the brow, curling the lip

Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting Both types canpositively or negatively reinforce the spoken words and convey cues concerning emotionsand attitudes

Gestures ………

a may interrupt the flow of a conversation

b can do nothing with a conversation

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c can end a conversation more quickly than usual

d can clarify the meaning of verbal messages

According to the writer, “A picture is worth a thousand words” means ………

a a picture of a face is more valuable than a thousand words

b he has just bought a picture with a thousand words on it

c facial gestures can convey a lot of meanings

d a picture is more important than a thousand words

Passage 5: Read the passages carefully, then choose the correct answer

If you invite an American friend to join you to have dinner in a restaurant, phone therestaurant first to find out if you need a reservation to avoid a long wait for table To make areservation, just give your name, the number of people in your group, and the time you plan

to arrive When you invite someone to have dinner, you should be prepared to pay the billand reach for it when it arrives However, if your companion insists on playing his or hershare, do not get into argument about it Some people prefer to pay their own way so thatthey do not feel indebted, and those feelings should be respected In most Americanrestaurants, the waiter or waitress’s tip is not added to the bill If the service was adequate,

it is customary to leave a tip equal to about 15% of the bill In expensive restaurants, leave abit more

When you invite someone to have dinner, you……

a should prepare to pay the bill

b Only the speaker let him to pay himself

c share the bill with him

d give the bill to him

If you are invited to an American friend’s home for dinner, remember these general rules forpolite behaviour First of all, arrive approximately on time but not early Americans expectpromptness It will be all right to be 10 or 15 minutes late, but not 45 minutes late Whenyou are invited to someone’s home for meal, it is polite to bring a small gift Flowers andcandy are always appropriate If you have something attractive made in your country, yourhost or hostess will certainly enjoy receiving that gift What will you do if you are servedsome food that you cannot eat or you do not like? Do not make a fuss about it Simply eatwhat you can and hope that no one noticed it Be sure to compliment the cook on the foodthat you are enjoying Do not leave immediately after dinner, but do not over-stay your

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welcome, either The next day, call or write a thank- you note to say how much you enjoyedthe evening.

If you are invited to American friend’s home, …………

a you should be late at least 45 minutes

b politeness is not necessary

c Punctuality is appreciated

d you should go late a bit

When people plan to marry, they expect to find in their partner not only a lover but a friendalso They find a person with whom they can share their opinions, their emotions, thoughtsand fears In marriage we are looking for a partner who will be able to understand ourvalues, our likes and dislikes

If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiarwith the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general They basically have the sameroots In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is morecomplicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses Onone hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other’scountry, culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand itcan be very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner’s excitementsand frustrations For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see afamous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with.Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played inyour house when you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable tounderstand your feelings because she has no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutelyempty because she has never even heard the song before You feel rather disappointed!Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You do not know her country’ssongs, her country’s famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality,for her, everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in your owncountry where everybody can understand you She lives in completely strange surroundings,where she has nobody to share her feelings with, except you

Do some research and learn about your wife’s country, culture and lifestyles Talk with her,ask her questions, get to know what songs she likes, what movies and books are of interest

to her The Internet will give you a great opportunity to find anything! Tell her about yourcountry’s culture, let her listen to the music that you like, rent a movie for her that left youwith great impression Let her understand you better through the things that you like.Patience and time will help you to fight cultural differences

The passage is ………

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a time and money

b movies and music

c patience and time

d books and the Internet

According to the passage, ………

a Spouses who have the same nationality need more patience and understanding intheir marriage than those who are from different cultures

b Spouses who are from different cultures can never share anything together

c Spouses who have the same roots go not share anything together

d Spouses who are from different cultures need more patience and understanding intheir marriage than those who have the same roots

In most American restaurants, ………

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a the tip is about 15% of the bill

b Waiters and waitresses never get the tip

c you should not give the tip to waiters or waitresses

If you are invited to an American friend’s home for dinner, remember these general rules forpolite behaviour First of all, arrive approximately on time but not early Americans expectpromptness It will be all right to be 10 or 15 minutes late, but not 45 minutes late Whenyou are invited to someone’s home for meal, it is polite to bring a small gift Flowers andcandy are always appropriate If you have something attractive made in your country, yourhost or hostess will certainly enjoy receiving that gift What will you do if you are servedsome food that you cannot eat or you do not like? Do not make a fuss about it Simply eatwhat you can and hope that no one noticed it Be sure to compliment the cook on the foodthat you are enjoying Do not leave immediately after dinner, but do not over-stay yourwelcome, either The next day, call or write a thank- you note to say how much you enjoyedthe evening

If there is some food that you cannot eat, …

a make a fuss about it c

b do not eat anything

c do not make a fuss about it

d ask the host to cook you another dish

Traditions, saying, beliefs, language, and values are just a few things that make up ourculture Culture is the framework in which families are structured It shapes our expectationsand ideals Culture plays a part in the meaning of marriage and our roles as husbands,wives, children and parents

Understanding cultural differences and similarities related to marriage is important Cultureaffects the roles that spouses take within marriages, the age at marriage and number ofchildren a couple have, the meaning of divorce, cohabitation and non-marital childbearing,and the way parents raise children Understanding how relationships and marriages varyacross cultural contexts, and how they are similar, we will be able to identify the uniqueways that marriages and family life affect people of various cultures As a result, we will beable to help families and sustain happy marriages

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A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The culturalbackground, visits to the other country, the language of the country and learning to speak it,the different habits and ways of doing and saying things that people from other cultureshave, are all very exciting indeed What are the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage

or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matterhow much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross culturalawareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences, misunderstandingseems to be unavoidable

According to the writer, cross-cultural marriage ………….

b does not have advantages

d does not have disadvantages

According to the passage, which of the following is not affected by culture?

a Child-raising

b The roles of spouses

c How much spouses love each other

d The age to get married

Passage 3: Read the passages carefully, then choose the best option

Greetings in all languages have the same purpose: to establish contact with another person,

to recognize his or her existence and to show friendliness The formulas for greeting are veryspecific and usually do not carry any literal meaning people say “ Good morning “even if it is

a miserable day and may reply to “How are you?” with “Fine, thanks” even if they aren’tfeeling well

Closings, like greetings are commonly used to exchange with no literal meaning People whoare leaving each other permanently or for a long time shake hands or embrace, depending

on the relationship If you are in an unfamiliar situation and wonder what to do, watch otherpeople or ask

It is interesting, and sometimes very important to learn about the standards of courtesy indifferent cultural areas of the world so that we can practice them well and avoidawkwardness in case we get a chance to visit a person or a community of unfamiliar socialcustoms

According to the passage, what should you do when you are in an unfamiliar situation ?

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a Use formulas you know

b Wonder what you should do

d Observe what other

people do

If your companion insists on paying his share, ………

a It will be impolite

b you should get into argument with him

c Do not agree

d you should let him pay as he expects

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The next day,……

a invite the host to your house

b say nothing to the host

c remember to thank to host for the dinner

shoudn’t say thank you

When you come to someone’s house for dinner, ………

a bring a lot of gifts

b You should never offer any gift

c do not care about gifts

d bring some flowers, candy or something made in your native country

Which sentence is NOT true?

a you should not leave immediately after dinner

b You should not compliment the cook on the food

c you should not overstay

d You should not make someone notice that you do not like the food

Passage 7: Read the passages carefully and choose the best option

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Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue,

or status Cognitively, gestures operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages.Gestures also serve an important function with regard to regulating the flow of conversation.For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the class, single nods of thehead from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate.Postures as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods,approval, deception, warmth, arid other variables related to conversation interaction

The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facialexpressions Facial appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eyecolor-offers enduring cues that reveille information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, andstatus

A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness,and facial hair-relate to an individual’s idea of beauty A third group of facial markers aremomentary expressions that signal that cause changes in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids,cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the brow, curling the lip

Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting Both types canpositively or negatively reinforce the spoken words and convey cues concerning emotionsand attitudes

Facial expressions …………

b cannot reinforce spoken words

c cannot convey emotions

d can only express negative attitudes

When people plan to marry, they expect to find in their partner not only a lover but a friendalso They find a person with whom they can share their opinions, their emotions, thoughtsand fears In marriage we are looking for a partner who will be able to understand ourvalues, our likes and dislikes

If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiarwith the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general They basically have the sameroots In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is morecomplicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses Onone hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other’scountry, culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand itcan be very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner’s excitementsand frustrations For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see afamous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with.Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in

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your house when you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable tounderstand your feelings because she has no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutelyempty because she has never even heard the song before You feel rather disappointed!Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You do not know her country’ssongs, her country’s famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality,for her, everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in your owncountry where everybody can understand you She lives in completely strange surroundings,where she has nobody to share her feelings with, except you.

Do some research and learn about your wife’s country, culture and lifestyles Talk with her,ask her questions, get to know what songs she likes, what movies and books are of interest

to her The Internet will give you a great opportunity to find anything! Tell her about yourcountry’s culture, let her listen to the music that you like, rent a movie for her that left youwith great impression Let her understand you better through the things that you like.Patience and time will help you to fight cultural differences

A spouse should …………

a not interfere with what the partner’s likes and dislikes

Answer: be not only a lover but also a friend