TRANSPORTATION (TIẾNG ANH KINH tế SLIDE)

Flammable solids Symbol flames: black on white background with seven vertical red stripes, the number "4" in the bottom corner... Substances liable to spontaneous combustion  Symbol f

ION

Fragile

Keep Dry

This Side Up

Heavy

Do Not Freeze

Do Not Stack

 Symbol (exploding bomb): black on orange bottom, the number "1" in the bottom

corner.

Flammable liquids

the number "3" in the bottom corner

Flammable solids

 Symbol (flames): black on white

background with seven vertical red stripes, the number "4" in the bottom corner.

Substances liable to spontaneous

combustion

 Symbol (flames): black on white and red background, the number "4" in the bottom corner.

Oxidizing substances

 Symbol (flames above a circle): black on yellow background, the number"5.1" in the bottom corner.

Types of lorry-Pick-up lorry

-Freight car

-Dumper truck-Articulated lorry-Tip-car

Goods transported by road-Building materials

-Wood products and furniture-Metal products

-Machinery and equipment

Advantages of road transportation

-Low freight rates

-Continuous operations on 24-hour basis-No transhipment – door-to-door delivery-Flexibility in regular or special deliveries

Disadvantages of road transportation-Low capacity of load

-Restrictions on weight and size

-Delays due to bad weather

-Often return empty to point of departure-Security problem

Types of rail transport-Trains

-Trolleys

-Trams

-Hopper wagon

Goods transported by rail-Bulk liquids

-Dry cargo

-Coal

Advantages of rail transportation

-Rarely affected by weather conditions-Quicker and cheaper for distances over

200 km

Disadvantages of rail transportation

-Transhipment to other forms of transport essential

-Inflexible timetabling

Types of sea transport-Freighter

Goods transported by sea-Bulk goods

-Scrap metal

Advantages of sea transportation

-Very high capacity of load

-Low freight rates

-World-wide transport operations

-Continuous operations on 24-hour basis

• Disadvantages of sea transportation

-Transhipment to other forms of transport

essential

-Inflexible timetabling

-Delays due to bad weather

-High capacity means disproportionate increase

in transit time

-Heavier packaging

-Slow speeds

-Low speed over long distances

- Less frequent services

Types of air transport-Seaplanes

-Passenger jets

-Helicopters

-Airships

-Hot-balloons

Goods transported by air-Platinum

-Medical supplies

-Fashion goods

-Fresh flowers

Advantages of air transportation

-High travelling speed

-High speed delivery

-Cheap insurance because goods are at risk for shorter periods

-World-wide transport operations

Disadvantages of air transportation

-Transhipment to other forms of transport essential

-Restrictions on weight and size

-Inflexible timetabling

-Delays due to bad weather

-Operating and maintenance costs are high

-High freight rates

Nature of the goods-Dimensions

• The time factor: Fast transport

-Reduce distribution cost

-Reduce cost of finance tied up in transit-Require less insurance cover

-Means earlier use/ resale of goods

Freight rates

-Sea freight rates-Air freight rates