TRANSPORTATION (TIẾNG ANH KINH tế SLIDE)

Common symbols in transport• Flammable liquids • Symbol Flames: black or white on red the number "3" in the bottom corner... Common symbols in transport• Flammable solids • Symbol flames

Unit 6

TRANSPORTATION

3 Common symbols in transport

• Fragile

3 Common symbols in transport

• Keep Dry

3 Common symbols in transport

• This Side Up

3 Common symbols in transport

• Heavy

3 Common symbols in transport

• Do Not Freeze

3 Common symbols in transport

• Do Not Stack

3 Common symbols in transport

• Explosives

• Symbol (exploding bomb): black on orange bottom, the number "1" in the bottom corner.

3 Common symbols in transport

• Flammable liquids

• Symbol (Flames: black or white on red) the number "3" in the bottom corner

3 Common symbols in transport

• Flammable solids

• Symbol (flames): black on white background with seven vertical red stripes, the number "4" in the bottom corner.

3 Common symbols in transport

• Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

• Symbol (flames): black on white and red background, the number "4" in the bottom corner.

3 Common symbols in transport

• Oxidizing substances

• Symbol (flames above a circle): black on yellow

background, the number"5.1" in the bottom corner.

• Toxic substances

• Symbol (skull with crossing bones): black on white background, the number "6" in the bottom

corner.

4 Road transportation

- cheaper and more direct than rail

- Increased capacity for lorry to carry goods (containers), faster service (motoways),

accessibility abroad with ferries offering rolling-on and rolling-off facilities

4 Road transportation

• Advantages of road transportation

-Low freight rates

-Continuous operations on 24-hour basis-No transhipment – door-to-door delivery-Flexibility in regular or special deliveries

4 Road transportation

• Disadvantages of road transportation

-Low capacity of load

-Restrictions on weight and size

-Delays due to bad weather

-Often return empty to point of departure-Security problem

5 Rail transportation

• Faster than road ( necessary when

transporting perishable goods)

• Can haul bulk commodities (oil, grain, coal) in greater volume than road transporters

• Link between road and rail through companies such as Freightliners – transhipment

• Tends to be comparatively more expensive

than road haulage

5 Rail transportation

• Advantages of rail transportation

-Rarely affected by weather conditions

-Quicker and cheaper for distances over 200 km

5 Rail transportation

• Disadvantages of rail transportation

-Transhipment to other forms of transport essential

-Inflexible timetabling

• SS – Steam Ship

• MV – Motor Vessel

• MS – Motor Ship

multi-• Insurance documents: Insurance policy or Certificate

• Official Documents: License, Embassy legalization,

Origin Certificate, Inspection Cert , Phyto-sanitary

Certificate

Shipping documentation

• A freight account is an invoice sent by the shipping

company to the exporter stating their charges.

• A shipping note advises the Superintendent that the

goods are to be shipped.

• A dock receipt will be returned to the consignor

confirming that the goods are stored and awaiting

shipment.

• A mate’s receipt may be sent acknowledging that the

goods have been loaded.

• ETA

Bill of ladding

A steamship company document that includes

a contract for delivery of the merchandise,

convey title to the goods, and is a receipt for the merchandise It indicates details of weight, freight costs, and size of cargo

Bill of ladding

• The most important document in shipping as it is a document

of title

• “full set” – 3 originals

• “to order” are written – a negotiable document

• “endorse in blank” or “blank endorsement” – no restriction on ownership

• A shipped b/l or shipped on board – goods have been loaded

on to the ship

• “clean” – goods were taken on board in good condition

• “dirty/claused” – found something wrong with the

consignment

• “freight prepaid”

• “freight collected”

“full set on board ocean bills of lading to order shipper, blank endorsed”

In marine insurance, in the case of a partial loss, or emergency repairs to the vessel, average may be declared This covers situations, where, for

example, a ship in a storm might have to jettison certain cargo to protect the ship and the remaining cargo

“General average” requires all parties concerned in the venture (Hull/Cargo/Freight/Bunkers) to

contribute to compensate the losses caused to

those whose cargo has been lost or damaged.

'Particular Average' is levied on a group of cargo owners and not all of the cargo owners.

Shipping liabilities

• The Hague Rules govern liability for loss and damage to cargo carried by sea under a b/l and state that the carrier will not responsible under the following conditions:

- Acts of war, riots Civil disturbance

• To be safe, co insures the consignment under all risk cover and war

6 Sea transportation

• Goods transported by sea

-Bulk goods

-Scrap metal

6 Sea transportation

• Advantages of sea transportation

-Very high capacity of load

-Low freight rates

-World-wide transport operations

-Continuous operations on 24-hour basis

6 Sea transportation

• Disadvantages of sea transportation

-Transhipment to other forms of transport essential -Inflexible timetabling

-Delays due to bad weather

-High capacity means disproportionate increase in transit time

-Heavier packaging

-Slow speeds

-Low speed over long distances

- Less frequent services

7 Air transportation

• Types of air transport-Seaplanes

-Passenger jets

-Helicopters

-Airships

-Hot-balloons

7 Air transportation

• Necessary for goods lose value overtime and

deteriorate

• Use for speed, particularly over long distances

• Insurance tends to be cheaper as consignments

spend less time in transit

• With bulk consignments, air is much more expensive

• The main document – Air Waybill, which consists of

12 copies distributed to the airline, exporter,

importer, and custom

• AWB is only a receipt and cannot be transferred to another person

7 Air transportation

• Advantages of air transportation

-High travelling speed

-High speed delivery

-Cheap insurance because goods are at risk for shorter periods

-World-wide transport operations

7 Air transportation

• Disadvantages of air transportation

-Transhipment to other forms of transport essential

-Restrictions on weight and size

-Inflexible timetabling

-Delays due to bad weather

-Operating and maintenance costs are high -High freight rates

8 Factors to consider when choosing

8 Factors to consider when choosing

modes of transport

• The time factor: Fast transport

-Reduce distribution cost

-Reduce cost of finance tied up in transit

-Require less insurance cover

-Means earlier use/ resale of goods

8 Factors to consider when choosing modes of

transport

• Freight rates

-Sea freight rates

-Air freight rates

Group F – Main carriage unpaid

• FCA – Free Carrier (named place)

• FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named loading

port)

• FOB – Free On Board (named loading port)

Group C – Main carriage paid

• CFR – Cost and Freight (named destination

Group D – Arrival

• DAF – Delivered At Frontier (named place)

• DES – Delivered Ex Ship (named port)

• DEQ – Delivered Ex Quay (named port)

• DDU – Delivered Duty Unpaid (named

destination place)

• DDP – Delivered Duty Paid (named

destination place)