SOME: Dùng trong câu khẳng định, lời mời, lời đề nghị, trước danh từ đếm được và không đếm được.. The simple present tense: thì hiện tại đơn S + V s/es động từ “to be” : S + am / is / a
Trang 1Các em học sinh thân mến,
“ Bài Tập Anh Văn 12” là tài liệu để giáo viên làm cơ sở hướng dẫn các em ôn luyện chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi tốt nghiệp Tài liệu được biên soạn ngắn gọn, cơ bản nhằm giúp các em nắm được một cách khái quát những kiến thức của môn Tiếng Anh.
Phần bài tập có một số ít do giáo viên tự biên soạn, phần lớn được sưu tầm từ các sách bài tập phổ biến hiện nay và được trình bày theo từng vấn đề hoặc chủ điểm.
Với ý định làm một bộ bài tập ôn tập, tài liệu này chắc chắn không phải là một giáo trình ngữ pháp đầy đủ và hoàn chỉnh, cho nên các em cần bám sát sách giáo khoa cũng như các sách tham khảo khác để tự nâng cao kiến thức.
Đây là tập tài liệu mà các giáo viên biên soạn ở dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm nhằm củng cố kiến thức các em đã học và chúng tôi hi vọng đây là những kiến thức cốt lõi nhất mà một học sinh trung bình cần nắm để chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Mong các em hết sức cố gắng dưới sự hướng dẫn của thầy cô và sự nỗ lực của bản thân.
Chúc các em đạt được kết quả cao nhất trong những kỳ thi sắp tới.
LHP, tháng 4 / 2008 Tổ Anh Văn
“The one who can move a big mountain
is the very one who has taken away stone after stone”
Người chuyển dời được một quả núi lớn chính là kẻ đã chuyển dời đi từng viên đá nhỏ
(Ngạn ngữ Trung Hoa)
Trang 23 Notes: Cách đọc những âm tận cùng là / s, es /
a Đối với từ tận cùng là: s, x, ch, sh, ge, ce …… / iz / : washes, loses, kisses………
b Đối với từ tận cùng là: m, d, r, n, l, v, b, g … và nguyên âm / z / : knows, sings,…
c Đối với từ tận cùng là: p, k, t / s / : sits, stops, looks ……
Cách đọc những âm tận cùng là / ed /
a Đối với từ tận cùng là: t,d / id / : ended, started ……
b Đối với từ tận cùng là: m, r, n, l, v, b, g, z … và nguyên âm / d / : robbed, clothed, …
c Đối với từ tận cùng là: p, k, f, ss, x, sh, sh ……… / t /: stopped, passed, finished ……
Exercise: Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other words
Trang 333 A stops B calculates C laughs D occasion
II Stress:
1 Dấu nhấn trong từ có 2 âm tiết thường nằm ở: + vần thứ 2 đối với động từ.
+ vần thứ 1 đối với danh từ hoặc tính từ.
Notes: Đối với những từ tận cùng là đuôi: en, er, on ……… và một số từ không nằm trong quy
luật này nên cách phát âm những từ này phải dựa vào từ điển để phát âm cho chính xác.
2 Dấu nhấn trong từ có hơn 2 âm tiết thường được phát âm dựa trên những quy luật sau:
a Dấu nhấn thường nằm ở vần trước ion, ial, ical, ity, itive, itant, ic, ous, ual : mathematical,
magic
b Đối với những từ tận cùng là: fy, ate, ize… Dấu nhấn sẽ nằm ở vần thứ 3 đếm từ dưới lên :
delicate …
c Dấu nhấn thường nằm ở chính những vần oon, ese, ee, oo …… : bamboo, afternoon …………
d Danh từ kép có dấu nhấn nằm ở danh từ đứng trước : bookshop, welfare ………
A Choose the word that the stress is on the first syllable:
B Choose the word that the stress is on the second syllable:
Trang 45 A special B medicine C language D experience
C Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each group:
Trang 5Phần 2: VOCABULARY
I Expression of quantity :
1 SOME: Dùng trong câu khẳng định, lời mời, lời đề nghị, trước danh từ đếm được và không đếm được.
2 ANY: Dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn.
3 MUCH – MANY – A LOT OF/ LOTS OF – A GREAT DEAL OF – A LARGE NUMBER OF…….
many
a large / great number of
plenty of
a lot of / lots offew / a few
much
a large amount of / a great deal of
plenty of
a lot of / lots oflittle / a little
Notes: few – little: ( ít, không nhiều ), thường mang nghĩa phủ định và chỉ một số lượng rất ít.
a few – a little: ( một vài, một ít ), thường mang nghĩa khẳng định và chỉ một số lượng nhỏ
Eg: A large number of students have part time jobs nowadays
A large number of và A great deal of được dùng trong câu khẳng định.
Much/ Many được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn, câu khẳng định có so, such, too,
as
Only a few = few, Only a little = little
4 ALL – MOST – SOME – NO……….
all , most, some, no + ( adjective ) + plural noun / uncountable noun
all of, most of, some of, none of + determiners ( a, an, the, my, his, this, that…… ) + noun
+ pronouns ( them , us…… )
Eg: Most of her friends live abroad.
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 When we were on holiday, we spend too - money
2 We couldn’t buy anything because - of the shops were open
3 I think that - lemon juice on fish makes it taste better
4 - don’t visit this part of the town
5 - has left a bicycle outside
6 - cups of coffee have you taken?
7 There’s - use in complaining They probably won’t do anything about it
8 It is boring here - ever happens in this place
9 I spend - my spare time gardening
10 The village is very small There are - houses
Trang 611 All the guests were dancing - having the good time.
12 We tried a lot of hotel but - of them had any rooms
13 Bill is very lazy He never does - work
14 Mason owns a chain of supermarket He’s made - money
15 He can speak - English, so it is not difficult to communicate with him
16 Her employer gave her a good recommendation because she makes - mistakes in her work
17 I don’t want to buy any of these books I have got -
18 The shop is very quiet There are - customers have come in
19 - paintings have been sold
20 The tickets cost -, so we can’t afford them
II Prepositions and Phrasal verbs :
1 Giới từ sau tính từ (SGK- trang 71)
2 Cụm từ: Verb + Noun phrase + Preposition (SGK- trang 88)
3 Giơiù từ theo sau GO: (SGK- trang 131)
4 Giới từ đi với thời gian:
AT: dùng để chỉ thời điểm ( at 5 o’clock/ at midnight/ at noon/ at night/ at lunch time/ at
Christmas/ at the weekend … )
ON: dùng chỉ ngày, ngày tháng, ngày tháng năm… (on Monday/ on Sunday morning/
on 16 Friday/ on 30 April, 2008/ on my birthday… )
IN: dùng để chỉ tháng, năm, mùa, buổi … (in September/ in 2008/ in the morning/ in the
summer…
5 Giới từ theo sau động từ:
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 Attending all the lectures is important - us
Trang 72 Smoking is - to your health.
3 I am sorry - the noise last night We were having a party
6 He is very keen - English, but he is not good - listening
7 Your hairstyle is quite similar - me
11 Are you serious - learning to be an architect?
12 She has become very famous - her novels
13 What is the difference - a boat and a ship?
14 We are all bored - this game
15 The cameras prevent motorists - speed
16 A great number of people are involved - the use of English
17 English is used - an access to world scholarship and world trade
18 There were a power failure and all the lights went -
19 The police went - the burglars
20 We are going - a few days for the holidays
21 The dog wants to go - towards the fire
22 The prize of petrol is going - because the cost of the exploitation is too high
23 Go - your work carefully before you hand it in
24 As time goes - my memory seems to get worse
25 You should try to study hard to - your classmates
Trang 826 The man whom you - on the bus yesterday is my father.
27 He was very angry because they - him
28 The teacher made allowance - his marks because his father was in hospital
31 - Saturday night I went to bed - 11 o’clock
32 These days everybody is aware - the dangers of smoking
33 Many young people want to be independent - their parents nowadays
34 Why are two schools so - from each other
35 The child is very - at arithmetic
III Word form and word meaning :
1 Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
a Chủ ngữ của câu ( S )
b Sau tính từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N )
c Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun )
d Sau giới từ: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with ) hoặc từ chỉ số lượng ( a few/ little, some, any, much,
most…
2 Adjectives: Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
a Trước danh từ, bổ nghiã cho danh từ
b Sau động từ “ to be” hoặc động từ “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel ……… )
c Sau các cấu trúc: so… that, enough…, too… to, dạng so sánh ( more, most, less, as as )
3 Adverbs: Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:
a Trước hoặc động từ thường: ( S - V … + adv hoặc S + adv + V … )
b Trước tính từ: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … )
c Đầu câu ( sau dấu phẩy ) hoặc cuối câu
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 He is unhappy because of his -
2 This country has - climate
3 She has a - for pink
4 Computers are - used in schools and universities
5 I sometimes do not feel - when I am at a party
Trang 96 English is the language of -.
7 I have to do this job because I have no -
8 He is not very - of criticism
9 English is used by pilots to ask for landing - in Cairo
10 He did some odd jobs at home -
11 Don’t be afraid This snake is -
12 During his -, his family lived in the United State
13 Jack London wrote several - novels on adventure
14 He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any - for it
15 The custom was said to be a matter of -
16 She is - in her book
17 As she is so - with her present job, she has decided to leave
18 Although her visit wasn’t -, we made her welcome just the same
19 He plays the piano - well
20 Prices continue to show an upward -
21 They will - this road because its - is too narrow
22 They did everything possible to - the police force
23 I spent a ( an ) - night because of my toothache I am very tired now
24 Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be -
25 The - of old buildings should be taken into consideration
26 Our education will help with the - of knowledge for the young
27 Getting such a well – paid job is beyond my -
28 That is not - true of single parents
29 That is silly What you are seeing is -
Trang 1030 Hunting for meat and burning forest for soil - wildlife.
31 This new kind of generator can generate a current of high -
32 The children always get - on long journey
33 Most of the rivers flowing through big cities are - with chemical waste factories
34 It is necessary for the host to make his guests feel comfortable and -
35 A laser beam’s - is strong enough to kill cancer cells
IV Prefixes and suffixes: out, super, sur, sub, under, over
1 Don’t be -; everything will be all right
2 You should eat more You are a bit -
3 She - her husband by five years
4 We protest against their - treatment of prisoners
5 There is a determination to - problems
6 Boiled meat can keep in containers and shipped to other countries
7 When - “un” , the word “happy” becomes its opposite
V Verb form :
1 V + Verb ( bare ): had better (d’ better), would rather (d’ rather), used to, have to, help
(toV/ Vbare), Can/could/may/must/will…,
make/ let + O + V (Nếu ở dạng bị động : Be let/made + to V)
2 V + V-ing: admit, avoid, appreciate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, look forward, mind, miss,
postpone, risk, practice, suggest, give up, finish, can’t bear, can’t help, feel like, be busy, be worth, be used to, get used to, it’s no use/good …
After prepositions: to, at from, about,……
3 V + to V: agree, arrange, ask, beg, decide, determine, desire, expect, fail, hope, invite, manage, offer,
plan, refuse, seem, tell, tend, wish, want, would like, be willing…
S + V ( be, seem, look, feel,… ) + ADJ + to V
Verb ( want, ask, tell, request, order, beg, advise, ……… ) + O + to V
4 Các trường hợp ngoại lệ khác:
Allow/ permit/ recommend/ advise … + V-ing
Stop + to V : dừng lại để…
V-ing: từ bỏ (thói quen)
Remember + V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì (quá khứ)
To V: nhớ sẽ làm gì (tương lai)
Trang 11 Forget + V-ing: đã quên làm gì (quá khứ)
To V : Sẽ(không) quên làm gì (tương lai)
Regret + V-ing: hối hận vì đã…
To V: thông báo một tin xấu
Try + V-ing: thử làm gì đó
To V: cố gắng làm gì đó
Need: nếu chủ ngữ chỉ người: S + need, require, want + to V
Nếu chủ ngữ chỉ vật: S + need, require, want + V- ing or to be V(pp)
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 Many young people are fond of - football and other kinds of sports
2 They couldn’t help - when they heard the little boy singing a love song
3 Your house needs -
4 I remember - them to play in my garden
5 It was a nasty memory Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid - by the supervisors?
6 I can’t bear thinking back of that time I’d rather - equally
7 Did you accuse Nam of - a plate? Well, I saw him - it off the table with his elbow
8 We found it very difficult - with Gamma
9 I can’t read when I am traveling It makes me - sick
10 I need - what’s in the letter Why don’t you let me - it?
11 I suggest - some more mathematical puzzles
12 We regret - you that we cannot approve your suggestion
13 The driver stopped - a coffee because he felt sleepy
14 Have you ever considered - a pharmacist?
15 You had better - at home until you feel better
16 I remember - my mother said the grass in the garden needed -
17 Peter sometimes help his sister -
18 I would rather - at home than -out with you
Trang 1219 I would rather you -.
20 She didn’t say a word and left the room
21 My father wanted me - a pilot
22 Please wait a minute My boss is busy - something
23 My teacher doesn’t allow us - while he is explaining the lesson
24 We have plenty of time We needn’t -
25 I promised - on time I mustn’t - late
26 Mary and I are looking forward - you
27 I’m sure that he knows - this new machine
28 Psychiatrists and doctors have failed - people not to drink
29 The students are used to - in the school library
30 Our room needs - up
31 Mercury’s low gravity makes you - very light in a spaceship
32 “ Was the test long?” “ Yes, John was the only one - it”
33 A lots of needs - to the house before anyone can move in
34 It is about time you - harder for the next exam
35 If he really doesn’t feel like - now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air
Phần 3: GRAMMAR
I. Tenses, transformation of tenses, subject and verb agreement, inversion, tag question :
A. Tenses :
1 The simple present tense: (thì hiện tại đơn)
S + V (s/es) ( động từ “to be” : S + am / is / are ) Adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, everyday/week/night…, seldom, rarely…
Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên hoặc một việc thường xuyên xảy ra
2 The present continuous tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + am / is / are + V-ing Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present, right now.
Trang 13Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra trong thời điểm hiện tại.
Cấu trúc be + going to + V diễn tả thì tương lai dự định.
3 The present perfect tense: (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
S + have / has + V pp(ed/3) Adverbs: just, already, not…yet, never, ever, recently, several/many times, up to now, so far, For + khoảng thời gian, Since + mốc thời gian…
Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra không xác định thời gian hoặc một việc đã xảy ra xác định thờigian nhưng chưa kết thúc
4 The simple past tense: (thì quá khứ đơn)
S + Ved/2 (Động từ “to be”: S + was / were) Adverbs: yesterday, last, ago, in (2005).
Diễn tả một sự việc diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
5 The past continuous tense: (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
S + was / were + V -ing
Diễn tả 1 sự việc đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ ( at 7:00 last night)Diễn tả 2 sự việc song song diễn tả trong quá khứ ( với các liên từ : when, while, as)
6 The past perfect tense : (thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
S + had + Vpp
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm hoặc 1 sự việc khác trong quá khứThường được dùng cùng với thì quá khứ đơn ( trong câu có các liên từ: before, after, until)
7 The simple future tense: (thì tương lai đơn)
Adverbs: tomorrow, in the future, next…, in six days (trong 6 ngày tới)
8 The present perfect continuous : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
S + have / has + been + V-ing
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại( wait, sleep, study….)
Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours/ since 3 o’clock
9 The future continuous: (thì tương lai tiếp diễn).
S + will + be + V-ing
Diễn tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra hoặc xảy ra song song với 1 hành động khác trong tương lai
Ex: This time next week we will be lying on the beach
10 The future perfect: (thì tương lai hoàn thành).
S + will + have + Vpp
Diễn tả một sự việc hoàn thành trước 1 thời điểm trong tương lai
Ex : We will have left school before this July
The adverbial clauses of time: (mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian): Là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các
liên từ: when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since….
Sự phối hợp về thì trong câu có mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
Notes :
Không dùng thì tương lai ( will/shall ) trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Đối với liên từ Since: S + has/have +Ved/3 since S + Ved/2
Cả 2 hành động đã xảy ra: S + had +Ved/3 before S + Ved/2
Trang 14S + Ved/2 after S + had + Ved/3
Sau WHILE/AS thường dùng thì tiếp diễn: while/ as S + was/were + V-ing
Sau các liên từ mà không có S ta dùng Ving: After having finished the exam, I’ll go home
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
2 After - her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions
3 His father - of cancer last year A will die B has died C died D had died
4 The train - when we got to the station
5 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she - the fire department
6 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she - any kind of contest
7 Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he - homesick
8 Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I - to visit friends and family several times
9 Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew - on the company annual report
10 When my parents - for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time
11 The last time I - in Athens, the weather was hot and humid
12 After the race -, the celebration began
13 Andy - out of the restaurant when he - Jenny
14 While he was washing his car, Mr Brown - a small dint in the rear fender
15 Linda has lost her passport again It’s the second time this -
16 At this time tomorrow, we - our final exam
17 The baby - Don’t make so much noise
18 Peter said he - a test the following day
19 It is not so hot today as it - yesterday
20 - a party next Saturday We have sent out the invitation
21 I’m very tired - over four hundred miles to day
22 I’m busy at the moment - on the computer
Trang 1523 Our friends - meet us at the airport tonight
24 I will tell Anna all the news when - her
25 Don’t worry, I - here to help you
26 When I entered the room, everyone -
27 Before the invention of the steamboat there - no way to cross the ocean
28 He said that he - his homework since 7 o’clock
29 Tom said everything - ready when the match -
30 How long - able to drive? - Since 1990
31 She won't get married until she - 25 years old
32 Look The yard is wet It - last night
33 After Mary - her degree, she intends to work in her father's company
34 When he - all the letters, he took them to the post office
35 By the end of this month, I - English for 6 years
36 We - in touch with each other for years
37 She has learnt French - the age of five
38 Tom - before we arrived there
39 Up to now, I - a lot of information about her
40 Wait here until I - you
41 When I came to visit her, she - a bath
Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost -42 - the plane She -43 - in the queue
at the check-in desk when she suddenly 44 - that she 45 - her passport at home Fortunately, she -46 - very far from the airport, so she 47 - time to take a taxi at home to get it.
Trang 1648 It is an hour since he -, so he should be at office now.
B. Transformation of tenses :
Notes: a It + be + time + since + simple past
b It is the first/ second/ third …… time + present perfect
c The last time + simple past
d Present perfect + since + simple past
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1 The last time she had a swim was ten years ago She hasn’t
2 I have never met such a famous person before It is
3 I last saw him when I was a student I haven’t
4 I haven’t come there for two years I last
5 I have studied English for seven years I started
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 I have never seen such beautiful pictures before
A These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen
B These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen
C This is the first time I see beautiful pictures
D This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures
2 Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill
A Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill B Jack used to write letters to Jill
C Jack has never written letters to Jill D Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come
3 Mary has been working in this company for five years
A Mary began to work in this company for five years
B Mary began working in this company for five years ago
C Mary began to work in this company five years ago
D Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago
4 I have never eaten this kind of food before
A I used to eat this kind of food before B Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food
C This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food
D This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten
5 She last saw him years ago
6 It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film
A It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film B I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before
C I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago D I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time
7 He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week
A It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette B It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette
C It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago D It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette
8 It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining
9 They had finished their tea and then they left
A They finished their tea after they had left B After they had left, they finished their tea
C They had left before they finished their tea D After they had finished their tea, they left
Trang 1710 John began playing the piano 10 years ago.
C. Subject and verb agreement :
1 Singular SUBJECT + singular VERB
Plural SUBJECT + plural VERB
Notes: a Singular noun:Là danh từ không đếm được: butter, water, happiness, work, information
Là danh từ đếm được số ít: book, student, chair, dog, cat…
b Plural noun: Là danh từ đếm dược số nhiều: books, students, chairs, dogs, cats …
Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều:
+ Thêm s: boys, houses, mothers, pens…
+ Thêm es: dishes, churches, boxes, buses…
+ Đổi y thành i, thêm es: baby _ babies , party _ parties, fly _ flies…
+ Đổi f, fe thành ves: knife_ knives, wife _ wives, life _ lives…
+ Luôn ở số nhiều: trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses…
+ Đặc biệt: man/ men, woman/ women, foot/ feet, child/ children, sheep/ sheep…
2 Other rules: Subject and verb agreement:
1 every, each, either, neither… (of) + N
2 everything, nobody , someone, something, somebody…
3 money, time, distance( khoảng cách), subject, weight, disease,…
4 S1 and S2 ( 2 things/ people)
5 The + adj ( ex: the poor, the rich, the old, the young…)
6 police, people, cattle, children…
7 S1 + as well as/ along with/ accompanied with + S2
8 Neither, Either, Not only + S1 + nor, or, but also + S2
9 The number of + N
10 A number of + N
11 There +be + N
12 That clause, to verb, verb – ing
13 The + noun + preposition(of, in ,on…………) + noun phrase
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
2 Here - some accounts that you must check
3 A lot of homework - me tired A make B makes C have made D are making
4 Not only Mr Pike but also his sons - tea A likes B like C has liked D liking
5 Mathematics - us with many aspects A helps B help C have helped D helping
6 The United States - of about 160 nations
7 Coffee contains caffeine, and -
10 Neither you nor I - responsible for the bad result A are B is C am D be
Trang 1811 Ten thousand dollars - a large sum of money A are B is C were D being
12 Each of us - a book report next week A will have B has C is having D have
13 I can not speak Spanish – -
A So can I B Neither can I C Either can I D Neither can’t I 14 Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, - ready for the exam A is B was C are D has been 15 Working for 12 hours a day - her very tired A make B makes C making D have made 16 The number of the days in a week - seven A is B was C are D were 17 Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, - ready for the exam A is B was C are D has been 18 What he told you - to be of no importance A seems B seem C is seeming D has seemed 19 The army - eliminated this section of the training test A has B have C are D is 20 The quality of these recordings - not very good A is B are C have D were D. Inversion : 1 Là sự đảo ngược vị trí giữa trợ động từ và chủ từ trong câu ADVERB + AUXILARY VERB + SUBJECT 2 Một số trạng từ và trạng ngữ được theo sau bởi hình thức đảo ngữ của động từ: hardly, never, no sooner…than, not only, not till, not until, nowhere, only, rarely, seldom, scarcely……….
Ex: My father never drinks coffee in the evening Never does my father drink coffee in the evening She hardly complained about her job Hardly did she complain about her job I have seldom seen such a remarkable creature Seldom have I seen such a remarkable creature. Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1 He hardly studied anything when his parents were away Hardly
2 I will never see him again Never
3 He no longer lives in this town No longer
4 I have never heard such a lie in my life Never
5 We had hardly started when it began to rain Hardly
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 No longer - this typewriter I’ve just bought a computer
2 - out of the house than it began to rain
3 Did you think - here before?
4 Tom was not only late, but he had left all his books behind
A Not only Tom was late, but he had left all his books behind
B Not only had Tom left all his books behind, but he was late
C Not only was Tom late, but he had left all his books behind
D Not was Tom only late, but he had left all his books behind
Trang 195 Seldom - exactly as illustrated.
6 He no longer plays in an orchestra
7 He would never be allowed to set foot in their house again
A Would never he be allowed to set foot in their house again
B Never again would he allowed to set foot in their house again
C He would never again be allowed to set foot in their house
D Never again would he be allowed to set foot in their house again
8 Only when I got home -
A did I realize how dangerous the situation had been
B I realized how dangerous the situation had been
C did I realized how dangerous the situation had been
D I did realize how dangerous the situation had been
E Tag question: ( Câu Hỏi Đuôi )
1 Câu hỏi đuôi là câu hỏi ngắn được thêm vào cuối câu trần thuật dể kiểm tra điều gì đó có đúng hay
không hoặc để yêu cầu sự đồng ý:
2 Câu khẳng định câu hỏi đuôi phủ định Ex: You live near here, don’t you?
Câu phủ định câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định Ex: You didn’t lock the door, did you?
Notes: I am late, aren’t I?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
You never say what you’re thinking, do you?
Everything can happen, can’t it?
Nobody would object, would they?
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 She’s finished the course, -?
2 Nobody was injured in the accident, -?
3 Jogging is good for our hearts, -?
4 The film wasn’t as good as you expected, -?
5 The building used to be a library, -?
II Passive :
1 Form: BE + Vpp ( ed/ 3 )
2 The structures:
2.Present continuous S + am/is/are +V-ing
Trang 205 Past continuous S + was/ were +V-ing
9 Động từ đặc biệt:
Have / Get
S + have + O (person) + V (bare) + O (thing)
S + get + O ( person ) + to V + O ( thing )
+
Notes: a Các tân ngữ : by him, by her,by someone, by them… trong câu bị động thường được lược bỏ.
b Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by+ O Trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences in the pasive form: 1 People speak English here
2 Nguyen Du wrote Kieu’s story
3 Someone was cleaning the classroom when I came
4 She will send him a gift on his birthday
5 People believe that 13 is an unhappy number
6 This factory is producing more and more pollution
7 No one has signed the cheque
8 The manager had his secretary prepare the report
9 I am going to get Harry to repair my car
10 They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them
Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1 This word - wrongly A spells B is spelt C is spelling D is spell 2 The story I’ve just read - Jack London A was written B was written by C was written from D wrote by 3 I’m going to go out and -
A have cut my hair B have my hair cut C my hair be cut D cut my hair 4 The man died because medical help was not summoned A doctor should -
5 Something funny - in class yesterday
6 We - by a loud noise during the night
7 Some film stars - difficult to work with
A Some Americans are said as being superficially friendly
B Some Americans are said that they are superficially friendly
C People are said that some Americans are superficially friendly
D Some Americans are said to be superficially friendly
9 I still can believe it My bicycle - last night
10.John - last week
A had his house painted B had painted his house C had his father to paint D had his house paint
Trang 2111 It is believed that he is the richest man in the city.
A He was believed to be the richest man in the city B He is believed to be the richest man in the city
C They believe that he is the richest man in the city D B and C are correct
12.I can’t go along here because the road -
A is preparing B is prepared C is being repaired D repairs 13 “ - about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?” - “Not yet” A Has been an announcement made B Has an announcement made C Has an announcement been made D Has been made an announcement 14 Do you get your heating - every year? A checking B check C be checked D checked 15.Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy - at A be laughed B to be laughed C laughing D being laughed 16.Claude Jennings is said - his memory A to have been lost B to be lost C to have lost D to lost 17.I might watch this programme It - very funny A supposes to be B is supposed being C is supposed to be D was supposed be 18 Today, many serious childhood diseases - by early immunization A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be prevented III Clauses and phrases : 1 Khi biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm danh từ thường gặp các trường hợp sau: Noun + be + adj è The/ (her, his, their … ) + Adj + noun Pronoun + be +Adj è The/ (her, his, their … ) + Noun ( of the adj ) Pronoun + Verb + (adv) è The/ (her, his, their … ) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun ( of the verb) Pronoun +Verb + (O) è V-ing ( same Subject) There be + Noun è The + Noun A Clauses and phrases of reason: Because/ Since/As + Clause ( S+V ) Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase ) B Clauses and phrases of concession: Although/ Though/ Even though + Clause ( S+V )
In spite of/ Despite + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase ) Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1 He left school because his life was hard Because of
2 John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and mathedical work Because
3 We didn’t want to go out because of the heavy rain Because
4 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine Despite
5 In spite of the darkness, they continued to work Though
6 We postponed our trip because the driving conditions were bad Because of
7 The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because it is polluted Because of
8 We all have received the best of everything because of our generous parents Because
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 The boys were punished - he made many mistakes
Trang 222 - the liberation of women, women can take part in social activities.
3 Despite feeling cold, we kept walking
4 She decided to leave her job in the company - she could earn a lot of money there
5 The children laughed a lot because of the funny story
A The children laughed because the story is funny
B The children laughed because of the story funny
C The children laughed because it was funny
D The children laughed because the story was funny
6 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert
A Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi
B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi
C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert
D Although Bill took a taxi he can’t come to the concert on time
7 The flight was delayed - the fog
2 Clauses and phrases of result:
A Clause of result:
S - V + SO + adv/ adj + THAT + S - V
S - V + SUCH + ( a/ an ) + adj + noun + THAT + S - V
S - V + SO MANY ( plural countable noun) / + THAT + S - V
SO MUCH ( uncountable noun )
B Phrase of result:
S - V + TOO + adj/ adv + ( for some one ) + TO V
S - V + ENOUGH + noun + ( for some one ) + TO V
Adj/ adv + ENOUGH
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1 The weather was so bad that all the flights had to be cancelled It was such
2 The test wasn’t easy enough for them to do The test was too
3 The play we saw yesterday was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it an hour
We saw such
4 These goods are so expensive that they can’t be sold quickly These goods are too
5 He studied too badly to pass his exam ( enough ….to )
6 My friend is very strong He can lift up the table by himself My friend is so
7 I ate a lot of sandwiches I felt uneasy. I ate so many
8 Tom is still too young to join the police Tom isn’t
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone
A She was very busy that she couldn’t answer the phone B She was too busy to answer the phone
C She was too busy not to answer the phone D She was very busy so that she could answer the phone
2 It was - that we went for a hike in the mountains
Trang 233 There are - in the universe that we can not count them.
4 He has - to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us
5 Faraday’s father was - poor to send him to school
6 It is - book that just a few people like it
7 He spoke too - for us to understand
8 “ She came too late to see off” or we can say:
9 Which sentence is correct?
10 “ Nobody could move the piano It was too heavy
A The piano was so heavy that nobody couldn’t move B The piano was too heavy to move
C It was such a heavy piano that nobody could move it
D It was such heavy piano that nobody could move it
3 Clauses and phrases of purpose:
Clause: S - V + so that / in order that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + V ( bare – infinitive)
Phrase: Khaúng ñònh: S - V + to/ so as to/ in order to + V(bare-inf.)
S - V + in order for some one to + V(bare-inf.)
Phuû ñònh: S - V + so as not to/ in order not to + V(bare-inf.)
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1 We lower the volume of the radio We don’t want to bother our neighbors ( clause of purpose )
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 She locked the door -
2 The boy always does his homework before class -
3 I got up early in order not to be late for school
A I got up early so as not to being late for school B I got up early so that I won’t be late for school
C I got up early so that I wouldn’t be late for schoolD I got up early for me not to be late for school
Trang 244 They whispered They didn’t want anyone to hear them
A They whispered to make anyone hear them B They whispered so that no one could hear them
C They whispered so that everyone could hear them D They whispered in order not to hear them
A He wore glasses and the false beard in order not to recognize him
B He wore glasses and the false beard in order to recognize him
C He wore glasses and the false beard in order to be recognized
D He wore glasses and the false beard in order not to be recognized
6 I try to learn English well I want to get a good job
A I try to study English well so that I can get a good job
B I try to study English well so as I can get a good job
C So that I can get a good job, I try to study English well
D I try to study English well for me to get a good job
7 You may put money in a small coin bank -
A in order to keep it safe B so as not to keep it safe C so that to keep it safe D to keeping it safe
8 The schoolboys are in a hurry - they will not be for the meeting
9 Which part is not correct in English?
Sound is carried from (A) the eardrum to (B) the nerves so as (C) to we can hear it (D)
10.He was (A) tired so that (B) he could not (C) continue his (D) work
IV Conditional clauses, Wish and if only
A Conditional Clauses:
Notes: a Unless = If …… not
Ex: If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam Unless you study hard, you’ll fail the exam.
b Ta có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 bằng cách đảo ngữ mà không cần dùng If
Ex: If I were rich, I would travel around the world Were I rich, I would travel around the world.
B Wish and If only:
Ước điều trái với hiện tại S + wish + (that) + S + Ved/2
Ước điều trái với quá khứ S + wish + (that) + S + had + Ved/3
could have + Ved/3
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1 Hurry up or we will be late for the last bus If
2 I regret that you didn’t give me a change to tell you the truth I wish
3 It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming If
4 You talk more than you work The teacher wants you to work more than to talk
The teacher wishes
5 He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night If
6 Ellen didn’t have much money in the bank, so she was very worried If
7 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson Unless
Trang 258 Why don’t you study hard? If
9 I’d like to buy this book but I don’t have money to buy it – If only
10 She can’t buy the dictionary because she doesn’t have enough money If
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 Are we lost? I think so I wish we - a map with us today
2 These figures are too complicated to work out in your head Yes, - a calculator
3 If Jake - to go on the trip, would you have gone?
4 If energy - inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different
5 Unless you - all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you
6 Had you told me that this was going to happen, I - it
7 My feet are killing me I wish I - more comfortable shoes
Year, me too I wish I - that we were going to have to walk this much
8 - interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it
9 If I had enough money, -
A I will buy that house B I am buy that house C I can buy that house D I could buy that house
10 Had I had time, I - to the beach with you this weekend
11 If he - that she was in the hospital, he - to see her
12 If everything is all right, we - our work on time
13 If I were you, I would work hard
14 We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time
A If we have time, we will visit the museum
C If we had had time, we would have visited the museum
B If we had time, we would visit the museum
D If we had had time, we will have visited the museum
15 - I have time, I will go with you
16 - harder, you would have passed the exam
17 If the police hadn’t saved me, I - at that time
18 - at 4 o’clock, we would have missed seeing Bob
V Comparison :
Trang 261 Comparative: ( so sánh hơn )
a short adj/ adv – er + than
b more + long adj/ adv + than
2 Superlative: ( so sánh hơn nhất)
a the + short adj/ adv – est
b the most + long adj/ adv
3 Positive: ( so sánh bằng )
As + adj/ adv + as
Notes: a The + comparative + S - V + the + comparative + S + V ( càng …… Càng )
b short adj/ adv – er + and + short adj/ adv – er ( càng ngày càng )
more and more + long adj/ adv
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 Mike is 1.7 meters tall, but Harriet is 1.8 meters
2 You and Luke are both better than - A I B me C my D mine
3 Which part in this sentence is incorrect in English?
She is (A) the rich (B) woman in (C) the (D) world
What is (A) the weather (B) like in (C) Ho Chi Minh city? – It is bader and bader (D)
4 It is becoming - for me to keep up
5 The lesson is difficult We try hard
A The more difficult the lesson is, the more hard we try
B The more hard we try, the more difficult the lesson is
C The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try
D The more difficult the lesson is and the harder we try
6 Tom is the best football player in this team
C The best football player in this team is not Tom
D Tom can play football as well as others in his team
7 Jane cooks better than her sister
8 I didn’t spend as much money as -
9 They speak English - we do
VI Relative clauses :
1 Who, Whom: Được dùng để thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người
2 Which, That: Được dùng để thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ vật.
3 Whose: Được dùng để thay thế cho một tính từ sở hưu trước một danh từ ( his, her, their ……… )
4 Where: ( = in/ at which): Thay thế cho một cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn.
When : ( = in/ on/ at which): Thay thế cho một cụm từ chỉ thời gian.
Why: ( = for which): Thay thế cho một cụm từ chỉ lý do.
Notes:
Trang 27 Mệnh đề không giới hạn( non-restrictive clause) là mệnh đề đứng sau tiền ngữ có đặc điểm: là
tên riêng ( Mr Long, Mary), có tính từ sở hữu( my, our, your, Lan’s), có các từ xác định ( this, that,
these, those) Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Ta có thể đưa giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ whom và which
Ex: That’s the man about whom I was talking
Ta có thể dùng Present Participle ( V – ing ) thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ
động và Past Participle ( Vpp ) cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động.
Ex: I like the story which is written by Nguyen Du written
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1 This is Rex hotel and it is the biggest hotel in the city
2 The dog was very frightened The boys threw storms at it
3 There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box I was phoning from this box
4 Her father died last year She looked after him for over twenty years
5 Do you remember the day? We first met on that day
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 The boy with - I have talked is very successful student
2 The composition - by Jane was really interesting
3 Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, -, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th
century
4 I want you to meet the woman
5 Mr Pike, - is our boss, has just come back from Paris
6 The girl - is my new friend
A who is sitting on the bench B that is sitting on the bench C sitting on the bench D all are correct
7 We don’t know the reason - Peter is absent today
8 Dr Smith is a good surgeon He lives next door
A Dr Smith that lives next door is a good surgeon B Dr Smith who lives next door is a good surgeon
C Dr Smith, who lives next door, is a good surgeon
D Dr Smith, whom lives next door, is a good surgeon
9 The reading table - I put my books is in the corner of the room
10 It is him - helped me last night A who B that C which D whose
11 Anybody - finishes that test early can leave
12 He is the good colleague -
13 Mary was the last applicant - by that interviewer
14 I’m hungry Is there any food - ?
Trang 2815 Dien Bien Phu is a place - our army won a resounding victory in 1954
VII Reported speech :
1 Động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật: say, say to + O, tell + O, ask, advise, beg, want to know………
2 Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì không thay đổi thì.
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì phải có sự thay đổi thì theo nguyên tắc sau:
+ Present tense Past tense + Simple past Past perfect + must, have to had to+ will / can / shall/ may would/ could/ should/ might
3 Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
Today that day, tomorrow the following day/ the day after, yesterday the previous day/ the day before, next (week) the following (week)/ the (week) after, last (week) the previous (week)/ the (week) before, now then, ago before.
4 Các dạng câu tường thuật:
a Statements ( câu kể ):
b Imperative sentences ( câu mệnh lệnh ): Thể khẳng định: to V
Thể phủ định: not to V
c Questions ( câu hỏi ): Với từ để hỏi: S - V + wh_ + S - V
Câu hỏi yes/ no: S – V + if/ whether + S - V
Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1 John said to his mother “ I don’t know how to do this exercise”
2 “Push as hard as you can” She said to me
3 “Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her
4 “Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai
5 Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”
6 Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?”
7 He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”
8 “ Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him The doctor advised him
9 “How many students are there in your class?” The man asked me
10 “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann Ann asked me
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 He begged them -
2 She said that she - there the year before
3 Peter asked Jane why - the film on T.V the previous night
4 They said they - us if we needed
5 He advised them - in class
6 She said to us “Don’t be late again”
Trang 297 “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly.”, said Janet.
8 John said “You had better not lend them any money, Daisy”
A John said Daisy not to lend them any money B John advised Daisy should not lend any money
C John said to Daisy not lend them any money D John advised Daisy not to lend them any money
9 “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said
10 “Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?”, said Gillian
A Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen B Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen
11 “Where did you go last night, Nam?”, said Hoa
A Hoa said to Nam where had he gone the night before
B Hoa said to Nam where he had gone the night before
C Hoa told Nam where he had gone last night
D Hoa asked Nam where he had gone the night before
12 “What were you doing last night, Mr John?” The police asked
A The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr John
B The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before
C The police asked Mr John what had he been done the night before
D The police asked Mr John what he had done the night before
13 Some one was wondering if the taxi - yet
14 The government has announced that taxes -
15 Some one - the tickets are free A said me B said me that C told to me D told me
16 He said he would do it -
17 He proved that the earth - round the Sun
18 I told you - the computer, didn’t it?
19 Claire wanted to know what time -
20 Ann - and left
VIII OTHER STRUCTURES :
1 Extra subject: ( Chủ ngữ giả ) S + be/ linking verbs + adj + To V
2 Extra object: ( Tân ngữ giả ) S + V ( think, consider, find … ) + it + adj/ noun phrase + to V
3 It takes/ took + some one + time + to do something
4 S + spend + time + doing something
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 Learning to dance is quite expensive
Trang 302 Smoking in the theatre is forbidden.
C It is forbidden for people to smoke in the theatre D It is forbidden to smoke in the theatre
3 He was very kind to help us
4 It is great fun - holiday summer by the sea
5 We find it - to do homework
6 It was impossible for them to speak English fluently
A They found impossible to speak English fluently
B They found it possible to speak English fluently
B They found it impossible to speak English fluently
D They found it speaking English fluently possible
7 Mary often considered - advertisements on TV
Phaàn 4: EXERCISES
A Choose the best answer:
1 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it -
2 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see toy today Solia said you - ill
3 These snakes will not cause you any harm even if they bite you They are -
4 You must lend me the money for the trip -, I won’t be able to go
5 Tom is still too young to join the police
A Tom isn’t old enough for joining the police B Tom isn’t old enough that he can’t join the police
C Tom isn’t enough old to join the police D Tom isn’t old enough to join the police
6 Emily is too motivated to study b she knows that a good education can improve her life
7 - the post office was closed I couldn’t mail my package
8 - I get angry and upset; I try to take ten deep breaths
9 My mouth is burning! This is - spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it
10 The road will remain safe - the flood washes out the bridge
11 To people in African, Asia and South American, English is an important language -
12 The room was so full that we couldn’t get in