Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ) Có đáp án

CẤM Khi có DẤU PHẨY Trong mệnh đề tình từ không hạn định.. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ LOẠI 1 1/ Defining Relative Clause: Mệnh đề hữu hạn mệnh đề xác định: Danh từ trước đại từ quan hệ là

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LESSON 22: RELATIVE CLAUSES - MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

Danh từ đứng trước

(Antecedent)

Chủ ngữ (Subject)

Tân ngữ (Object)

Sở hữu cách (Possesive Case)

I Các đại từ quan hệ (Relative pronouns)

WHO thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ Người + WHO + tobe/ Verb

I need to meet that boy The boy is my

I know the girl I spoke to this girl

® I know the girl whom I spoke to

WHICH

thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ ngữ /tân ngữ

Vật + WHICH + V/ Tobe

S (he/you )

She works for a company It makes cars

® She works for a company which makes cars

Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

Luôn dùng dấu phẩy trước WHICH

(Dấu hiệu: THIS/IT + V/ tobe )

He passed his exam This pleased his parents

® He passed his exam, which pleased his parents

WHOSE

“của”

Chỉ sự sở hữu dành cho người hoặc vật đi kèm

(his-, her-, its-, their-)

The/ a/ an N1 + WHOSE + N2

(N2 là của N1)

John found the cat Its leg was broken

®John found a cat whose leg was broken

THAT CÓ THỂ thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH

trong MĐQH hạn định

(Mđ không có dấu phẩy)

She works for a company that/ whichmakes cars

BẮT BUỘC

Người lẫn vật We can see the farmers and their cattle

that are going to the field

So sánh nhất: the most/ the Adj-est/

the best/ the worst She is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met

Số thứ tự: only/ last/ the first/

Từ chỉ số lượng: all/ both/ some/ no/

few/ little/ many/ much/ the only/ thevery/ the same/ the right/ none

These walls are all that are remains ofthe city

Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh: :

It + be + … + that … (chính là …) It is my friend that wrote this sentence

Cấu trúc :

It is/was not until + time/clause +

that……(mãi tới khi… thì…)

It was not until 1990 that she became amember of the team

CẤM Khi có DẤU PHẨY

Trong mệnh đề tình từ không hạn định

Mr Brown, that we studied English with,

is a very nice teacher (sai) Sau GIỚI TỪ The house in that I was born is for sale

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II Phó từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)

Công thức chung:

Time/ Place/ Reason + Which/ that + V/ tobe

Time/ Place/ Reason + When/ Where/ Why +( S + V + O)

WHERE

thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn

hoặc thay cho (in/ at / on which),

there / here

- The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place

® The movie theater is the place where we can see films

® The movie theater is the place at which we can see films.

Note:

- “Where” có thể được sử dụng mà không cần cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn

Eg: Put it where we all can see it

- Không sử dụng giới từ trước “Where, When, Why”

Eg: The building in where he lives/ where he lives in is very old (sai)

 The building in which he lives is very old ®®WHEN WHYth

(dấu hiệu: reason)

- Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason

® Tell me the reason why/for which you are so sad.

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1 Tên riêng : Marry, John, MTP,

Emily… Ex 1: Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.

2 Sở hữu: my/ his/ your + N Ex 2: My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.

3 This /that/ these/ those + N Ex 3: This boy, who talked with me yesterday, was Jane’s old friend.

4 Danh từ là duy nhất: the Sun/ the

Earth/ The moon,… Ex 4: The Sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveler thirsty.

5 Danh từ + Cụm giới từ

( giới từ + N) Ex 5: The girl with a red shirt, Who stands on the stair.

6

Các từ chỉ số lượng như

(quantifiers): All of, None of, each

of, most of, many of, neither of, the

majority of + WHOM (chỉ người)/

WHICH (chỉ vật)

Ex 6: - Daisy has three brothers All of them are teachers.

® Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.

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WHICH có thể thay thế cho 1 mệnh

đề ( Dấu hiệu: THIS/ IT + V/ tobe )

có dấu PHẨY

Ex 7: He passed the exam This pleased his parents

→ He passed the exam, Which pleased his parents

Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ/ ngữ đồng vị)

Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:

Which/ Who+ BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ/ TÍNH TỪ (3)

FCách làm: bỏ who, which và be

Ex: Vo Nguyen Giap, who was the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago

=> Vo Nguyen Giap, the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago

Ex: We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain

=> We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.

Lưu ý về mệnh đề quan hệ:

- Giới từ không dùng trước “Who, that, Where, When, Why”

Eg: The building in where he lives/ where he lives in is very old (sai)

- Without luôn đứng trước whom/ which:

Eg: The woman without whom I can‘t live is Jane

- Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thí dùng for sb +to V

Ex: We have some picture books that children can read

® We have some picture books for children to read

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Tuy nhiên nếu chủ ngữ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone thí có thể không cần ghi ra

III CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

LOẠI 1

1/ Defining Relative Clause: Mệnh đề hữu hạn (mệnh đề xác định): Danh từ trước đại từ quan hệ là

danh từ chưa xác định rõ, có mạo từ “a/ an/ the” & sau danh từ không có dấu phẩy

Ex: - I saw the girl She helped us last week

 I saw the girl who/that helped us last week

2/ Non - defining relative Clause: Mệnh đề vô hạn (MĐ không xác định): Danh từ trước đại từ quan

hệ đã xác định rõ và có dấu phẩy

Ex: - My father is a doctor He is fifty years old

 My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor

Cách làm:

Step 1: Gạch chân từ có nghĩa chung của 2 câu

- Câu đầu: gạch dưới danh từ có a/ an/ the, my/ his/ her… , tên riêng

- Câu sau: gạch dưới đại từ thay thế danh từ ở vế đầu: he/ she/ her/ it/ them/ their…

Step 2: Chọn Who/ Whom/ Which/ That/ When/ Where/ Why cho phù hợp

Step 3: Đặt Who/ Whom/ Which/ That/ When/ Where/ Why vào ngay sau danh từ gạch chân ở đầu câu Step 4: Thêm dấu phẩy (nếu cần).

Lưu ý : - Khi từ gạch chân của 2 vế đều là chủ ngữ, phải dịch nghĩa để chọn ý phụ đưa vào Who/ Which/ That…

- Nếu 2 câu có thì khác nhau, ưu tiên cho vế có thì QK trước

1/ Mary worked for the company She used to be an artist.

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14/ I don’t know the time She will come back then

1/ Mary worked for the company She used to be an artist.

àMary, WHO worked for the company, used to be an artist

2/ The woman works in a hospital I talked to her yesterday.

à The woman WHOM/ THAT I talked to yesterday works in a hospital

3/ These are the shoes I bought them in HCMC.

àThese are the shoes WHICH/ THAT I bought in HCMC

4/ She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met this woman.

àShe is the most intelligent woman THAT I’ve ever met

5/ I saw a lot of people and horses They went to market.

àI saw a lot of people and horses THAT they went to market

6/ Tom has three sisters All of them are married.

àTom has three sisters, all of WHOM are married

7/ Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other.

à Romeo and Juliet, WHOSE parents hated each other, were lovers

8/ There are some words They are difficult to translate.

àThere are some words WHICH/ THAT are difficult to translate

9/ The village is peaceful I live in the village.

à The village WHERE I live is peaceful

à The village WHICH I live IN is peaceful

à The village IN WHICH I live is peaceful

10/ Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

àDo you still remember the day WHEN We first met

àDo you still remember the day ON WHICH We first met

11/ Professor Wilson is an excellent lecturers He teaches Chemistry

à Professor Wilson, WHO teaches Chemistry, is an excellent lecturers

12/ These children are orphans She is taking care of them

àThese children, WHOM She is taking care of, are orphans

13/ She was born in Malaysia Rubber trees grow well there

àShe was born in Malaysia WHERE rubber trees grow well

àShe was born in Malaysia IN WHICH rubber trees grow well

14/ I don’t know the time She will come back then

àI don’t know the time WHEN She will come back

15/ George is the first person We will interview him.

à George is the first person THAT We will interview

16/ My family saw the robber and his dog They was in the bank.

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àMy family saw the robber and his dog THAT they was in the bank

17/ I’ve sent him to letters He has received neither of them.

àI’veto letters, neither of WHICH he has received

18/ The police blocked off the road That caused a traffic jam.

àThe police blocked off the road, WHICH caused a traffic jam

19/ Felix Reeve is a journalist His tape recorder was stolen

àFelix Reeve, WHOSE tape recorder was stolen, is a journalist

20/ Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it?

à Do you see my pen, WHICH I have just written the lesson with

à Do you see my pen, WITH WHICH I have just written the lesson

21/ Jane wore a beautiful shirt yesterday Did you see it?

à Did you see a beautiful shirt WHICH Jane wore yesterday?

22/ Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.

àIs this the style of hair WHICH/ THAT Your wife wants to have?

23/ The hotel wasn’t very clean We stayed at that hotel.

àThe hotel WHERE we stayed wasn’t very clean

àThe hotel AT WHICH we stayed wasn’t very clean

Exercise 1: Circle the correct answer:

24/ The land and the people I have met are nice.

25/ My wife, _ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital.

26/ The magazine _ you lent me is interesting.

27/ The homeless people _story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live

28/ Were the Wright brothers the ones built the first aeroplane?

29/ The car _ my father is using is very expensive.

30/ Hue attracts many visitors, is an ancient City.

31/ This is a town many people live.

32/ He spoke to the messengers with you were leaving.

33/ The farmers we saw were in the field.

34/ Post office is a place you can buy stamps, mail letters and packages, and receive mail.

35/ Do you know the date we have to hand in the essay?

36/ She cycled from London to Glasgow, is pretty good for a woman of 75.

37/ Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday.

38/ This is the last time I speak to you

39/ My friend eventually decided to quit her job, _upset me a lot

40/ Is there anything else _you want to ask?

41/ An architect is someone _ designs buildings

42/ you need to talk to a person you can trust You will feel better if you do.

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43/ I’m looking for an electric can opener also can sharpen knives.

44/ The problems _ Tony has seemed insurmountable.

45/ People outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy before.

46/ The earth, _ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet from the sun.

47/ A pacifist is a person who that all wars are wrong.

48/ The homeless are those _ have homes.

A who doesn’t B who don’t C whom doesn’t D which don’t

49/ My uncle you met yesterday is a lawyer.

50/ The council is in discussion with Lord Thomas, land most of the village is built on.

51/ These adults, come to my night class, are very eager to learn.

52/ Regina, you have never met before, is a genius in painting.

53/ Oxford, attracts many tourists, is often crowded in the summer.

54/ It's the best film has ever been made about madness.

55/ I think the reason we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.

56/ Children diets contain high levels of protein do better in examination.

57/ Sunday is a day _ we mustn’t go to work.

58/ The year the first man traveled in space will never be forgotten.

59/ She's one of the kindest people .

A that I know B whose I know C who I know D which I know

60/ Tom made a number of suggestions, most of were very helpful.

61/ I have two sisters are doctors.

A both of which B who both C both of whom D whom both

62/ Haywood is the village .

A.where I was born in B.which I was born

C.in which I was born D.which I was born there

63/ She gives her children everything _ they want.

64/ I can’t remember the name of the mailman

A that I met last Sunday B whom I met him last Sunday

C who I met last Sunday D which I met last Sunday

65/ has just won an international scholarship.

A David Pike, whose parents are both teacher, B David Pike whose parents are both teacher

C David Pike, which parents are both teacher, D David Pike, whom parents are both teacher,

66/ He told her about the book He liked it best

A He told her about the book which he liked it best.

B He told her about the book which he liked best.

C He told her about the book whom he liked best.

D He told her about the book whose he liked best.

67/ The old man is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday

A The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.

B The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.

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C The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory

D The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factor

68/ What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.

A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?

B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?

C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?

D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?

Exercise 2: Choose the word or phrase A, B, C & D that needs correcting.

69/ This is the boy who sister studied with me in high school.

A B C D

70/ My friend, whom hated horror film, refused to go to to the cinema with me.

A B C D 71/ He is moving to Lang Son City, where is in the North-Earth of Viet Nam.

Exercise 3: Write all the pronouns possible to complete each sentence

76/ The paintings _ Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000 77/ Don is a friend _ I stayed with in Australia.

78/ She was probably the hardest working student _ I've ever taught.

79/ Stevenson is an architect _ designs have won international praise.

80/ The Roman coins, _ a local farmer came across in a field, are now displayed

in the National Museum

81/ There was a little _ we could do to help her.

82/ He received a low mark for his essay, _ was only one page long

83/ We need to learn from companies _ trading is more healthy than our own.

84/ The man _ I introduced to you last night may be the next president of the

university

85/ These walls are all _ remain of the city.

ANSWERS KEY